英语表达

▲英文中有很多词汇和单词表达汉语“关于”这一含义， 最常用的用介词： on, about;另外有很多短语表达这一含义。 归纳如下：

1．In regard to /of: In regard to the test tomorrow, it is postponed.

2．With regard to: With regard to your problem, we may talk about it later. 3．As regards: You needn’t worry as regards the cost of the operation.

4．In this/that regard: 关于这一点， 在这问题上 In that regard, at least, we agree. 5．Regarding: Regarding John, I will write to him soon.

6．In respect of /to: fml. 关于， 就---来说 In respect to what you said, there is nothing that

we can say.

7．With respect to：至于， 关于 With respect to your report, we shall be able to print it next

week. 8．As respects

9．In this/the/that respect: 在这一方面

10．Relate to： 涉及， 有关， 属于， 动词短语 I wanted to ask you a question that relates to electricity. 11．In relation to: 关于；和---联系起来看

Prices seem high in relation to wages. 和---联系起来看

In relation to the complaint you have made there is nothing we can do to improve the quality of the goods. 关于

12．With relation to: 关于 We must plan with relation to the future.

13．Relative to: A.(正式)有关， 关于Relative to its size, the city is really populated. B. =compared to； something means with reference to it or in comparison with it, a formal

use (， 与---相比较 Have you any information relative to the effect of the medicine?

14．Concerning: I heard nothing concerning this matter. 15． As concerns:

16．As (so) far as --- concerned: 就----来说， 就----而论 It is impossible, as far as we are

concerned.

17．As to: A. prep. 至于， 说明 As to me, I sat on his left hand.

B. 多用于引起从句：跟在某些动词后，跟在某些名词后，跟连接代词/副词+不定式 e.g. I had not yet decided as to when I would start.

1

I want your advice as to what I ought to buy for her. He asked me advice as to what to do.

▲英语中有许多词和短语表示“除了---以外（别无）” 于“除了--- 以外（尚有）” ， 为了区分他们， 现整理如下：

including : “除了--- 以外（尚有）” excluding “除了---以外（别无）” besides except as well（as） other than in addition（to） aside from

apart from apart from

▲英文中有很多词汇和单词表达汉语“根据、依据、按照”这一含义，归纳如下： 1.on the strength of 2.relying on 3.Based on ,

4.on the basis of ,

5.according to : 1) 用来表示信息来自于别人或别的地方，而不是来自于我们一致的情况；

2）不与opinion, view等表示观点的词连用。According to my opinion. ⅹ

6.in accordance with: In accordance with your orders, I cancelled the meeting. 7.in line with: 和---一致；

e.g. That was not in line with my ideas at all.

8.in (the) light of: taking into account, considering 按照，根据

e.g. I wanted to hold the meeting today, but in the light of that changed circumstances it had better postponed.

9.according to one’s own light: fml. With regard to one’s own personal opinions or

ideas of right or wrong （正式或文）根据个人的见解，就自己的理解而言 10.considering：介词、连词，考虑到，就---而言 11.take into consideration

12.all things considered 从各方面考虑 ▲ “因为\\由于” 的表达方式小集： 1.because, since, as , for + 句子, 2.because of

3.due to：because of

4.owing to：because of

e.g. Our flight was delayed owing to the bad weather. 5.on account of：fml. because of

e.g. Why did you do it? Was it on account of what I said yesterday?

6.thanks to: because of

e.g. The company has had a successful years, thanks mainly to the improvement in export sales.

It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game. 用法提示：4-6+ 名词性短语。Due to\\ on account of \\because of \hanks to可用在be 动词后，而Owing to则不能。

e.g. His absence was due to the storm.

2

7.as a result of：because of

e.g. She was late as the result of the storm.

These problems are the result of years of bad management.

8.by virtue of = in virtue of : fml. as a result of , by means of 因为，由于，凭借，

e.g. Though she is not British by birth, she is a British citizen by /virtue of her marriage to an Englishman.

9. for the sake of : in order to help, improve, or bring advantage 为---的好处，利益；for the purpose of

10. in consideration of fml. in return for ; because of 作为---的报酬；由于 e.g. a small payment in consideration of their services ▲“因此”小集 1.so 2.thus

3.therefore

4.hence fml. 因此，由此，所以（常用于无动词片语中）

e.g. The town was built near a bridge on the River Cam, hence the name Cambridge. 5.consequently

6.accordingly: fml. therefore, so; 相应地 7.for this reason 8.as a result,

▲Make up

To form, to make up:

Constitute: v. ( fml, not in progressive forms) to form or make up组成，构成 e.g. the 50 states that constitute the USA

comprise: v. (not in progressive forms) 1) (of parts ) to form组成，构成

e.g. Fifteen separate republics comprise the Soviet Union. To be formed from, to be made up of

comprise: v. 2) to consist of (parts) 包括，包含；由---组成

e.g. The United Kingdom comprises England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern

Ireland.

Be composed of: to be formed from (the stated parts) 由---组成, 由---构成

e.g. The United Kingdom comprises /be composed of England, Wales, Scotland,

and Northern Ireland. Consist of: (not in progressive forms) to be made up of

e.g. The United Kingdom comprises /is composed of /consists of England, Wales,

Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

▲英文中有很多词汇和单词表达汉语“认为、相信”这一含义， 最常用的动词如think, consider, believe;另外有很多单词和短语表达这一含义。 归纳如下： 1.think 2.believe

3.hold: to have or believe (an opinion, a belief, etc.) 怀有，持有（信念等） e.g. I hold that the belief is mistaken.

4.maintain: to argue in favor of or declare to be true; =assert 坚决主张，继续

3

为---辩护

e.g. Some people still maintain that the Earth is flat.

▲经典句型：Some hold ---, some believe---, still some maintain---. 5.assert: 1)to state or declare forcefully 宣称，断言，声明，力陈

e.g. The government has repeatedly asserted that it will not change its policy. 6.

assume: to believe sth. To be true without actually having proof that it is; = suppose 假定，假设

7.suppose: 1)to consider to be probable; assume 猜想，料想，推测 2) fml to believe; have as an opinion 相信，认为，多用被动语态 e.g. He was supposed to be the richest person in the country.

8.deem: fml to consider; have the opinion; judge认为，视为，断定为 deem it an honor/deem that 不用于进行式

e.g. They deemed that he was no longer capable of managing his own business. 9.esteem：（正式或夸张）认为，把什么当作好事 e.g. His employer did not esteem him ( to be ) worthy of trust.

10.argue:1)to provide reasons for or against sth. , esp. clearly and in proper order 辩论 e.g. I would argue that sending men to the moon is a waste of money. 2) indicate fml 显示出，表明, 指出

e.g. The way she spends money argues that she is rich.

11.indicate: 指出

e.g. Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 12.denote: 意味着--- =mean

13.attest: 声称---属实或是真的

e.g. Previous research on pragmatic invention attest that TL speech acts cab be taught to learners with various levels of L2 proficiency.

14.adduce fml. To give (an example, proof, explanation, etc.) 举出、提出（例证、

解释等） e.g. Can you adduce any reason for his strange behavior?

15.elucidate: fml. To explain or make clear ;=clarify阐明，解释，说明 e.g. Can you elucidate any reason for his strange behavior?

16.articulate: to express thought and ideas clearly 清楚地表达或说出思想和感情 ▲短语：regard as consider as think of as look upon as view as see as take as be known as set down as

PS:5. render sth (into sth) express sth in another language;translate sth. 翻译某事物： How would you render 'bon voyage' (into English)? 'bon voyage'怎么翻译（成英语）？ Rendering poetry into other language is difficult. 翻译诗歌是很困难的。

6. cover (stone or brick) with a first layer of plaster 在（石或砖）上抹灰泥打底：

render walls 在墙上抹底灰

7. （习语）render an zccount of oneself,one's behaviour,etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc. 为自己的言行等作解释或辩护.

8. render sth down： make (eg fat,lard) liquid by heating it; melt sth down 将（脂肪、猪油等）熬成油；熔化某物。render sth up：hand over or surrender sth;yield sth. 移交或交出某物；放弃某事物：render up a fort,town,etc to the enemy 放弃要塞、城市等被敌人占领 (fig比喻) He rendered up his soul to God,ie died. 他魂归天国了

4

5