ReactNative源码篇:渲染原理
关于作者
本篇系列文章主要分析ReactNative源码,分析ReactNative的启动流程、渲染原理、通信机制与线程模型等方面内容。
在讲解渲染原理之前,我们先来看一个简单的例子。
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import {
AppRegistry,
StyleSheet,
Text,
View
} from 'react-native';
export default class android_container extends Component {
render() {
return (
<View style={styles.container}>
<Text style={styles.welcome}>
Welcome to React Native!
</Text>
<Text style={styles.instructions}>
To get started, edit index.ios.js
</Text>
<Text style={styles.instructions}>
Press Cmd+R to reload,{'\n'}
Cmd+D or shake for dev menu
</Text>
</View>
);
}
}
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
container: {
flex: 1,
justifyContent: 'center',
alignItems: 'center',
backgroundColor: '#F5FCFF',
},
welcome: {
fontSize: 20,
textAlign: 'center',
margin: 10,
},
instructions: {
textAlign: 'center',
color: '#333333',
marginBottom: 5,
},
});
AppRegistry.registerComponent('android_container', () => android_container);
我们接触到的React Native代码通常都是JSX代码,JSX其实是一种语法糖,实际运行的时候,它还是会转换为真正的js代码,为了方便我们理解原理,我们先把上述
代码转换为js代码。
'use strict';
Object.defineProperty(exports, "__esModule", {
value: true
});
var _createClass = function () { function defineProperties(target, props) { for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++) { var descriptor = props[i]; descriptor.enumerable = descriptor.enumerable || false; descriptor.configurable = true; if ("value" in descriptor) descriptor.writable = true; Object.defineProperty(target, descriptor.key, descriptor); } } return function (Constructor, protoProps, staticProps) { if (protoProps) defineProperties(Constructor.prototype, protoProps); if (staticProps) defineProperties(Constructor, staticProps); return Constructor; }; }();
var _react = require('react');
var _react2 = _interopRequireDefault(_react);
var _reactNative = require('react-native');
function _interopRequireDefault(obj) { return obj && obj.__esModule ? obj : { default: obj }; }
function _classCallCheck(instance, Constructor) { if (!(instance instanceof Constructor)) { throw new TypeError("Cannot call a class as a function"); } }
function _possibleConstructorReturn(self, call) { if (!self) { throw new ReferenceError("this hasn't been initialised - super() hasn't been called"); } return call && (typeof call === "object" || typeof call === "function") ? call : self; }
function _inherits(subClass, superClass) { if (typeof superClass !== "function" && superClass !== null) { throw new TypeError("Super expression must either be null or a function, not " + typeof superClass); } subClass.prototype = Object.create(superClass && superClass.prototype, { constructor: { value: subClass, enumerable: false, writable: true, configurable: true } }); if (superClass) Object.setPrototypeOf ? Object.setPrototypeOf(subClass, superClass) : subClass.__proto__ = superClass; } /**
*
var android_container = function (_Component) {
_inherits(android_container, _Component);
function android_container() {
_classCallCheck(this, android_container);
return _possibleConstructorReturn(this, (android_container.__proto__ || Object.getPrototypeOf(android_container)).apply(this, arguments));
}
_createClass(android_container, [{
key: 'render',
value: function render() {
return _react2.default.createElement(
_reactNative.View,
{ style: styles.container },
_react2.default.createElement(
_reactNative.Text,
{ style: styles.welcome },
'Welcome to React Native!'
),
_react2.default.createElement(
_reactNative.Text,
{ style: styles.instructions },
'To get started, edit index.ios.js'
),
_react2.default.createElement(
_reactNative.Text,
{ style: styles.instructions },
'Press Cmd+R to reload,',
'\n',
'Cmd+D or shake for dev menu'
)
);
}
}]);
return android_container;
exports.default = android_container;
var styles = _reactNative.StyleSheet.create({
container: {
flex: 1,
justifyContent: 'center',
alignItems: 'center',
backgroundColor: '#F5FCFF'
},
welcome: {
fontSize: 20,
textAlign: 'center',
margin: 10
},
instructions: {
textAlign: 'center',
color: '#333333',
marginBottom: 5
}
});
_reactNative.AppRegistry.registerComponent('android_container', function () {
return android_container;
});
我们可以看到原来的JSX组件都会被转换为ReactElement组件,该组件定义在ReactElement.js文件中,用来描述js上的ui组件,它里面存放了props等信息。
React Native渲染序列图如下所示:
我们先来简单概括一下整个渲染流程:
- React Native将代码由JSX转化为JS组件,启动过程中利用instantiateReactComponent将ReactElement转化为复合组件ReactCompositeComponent与元组件ReactNativeBaseComponent,利用
ReactReconciler对他们进行渲染。 - UIManager.js利用C++层的Instance.cpp将UI信息传递给UIManagerModule.java,并利用UIManagerModule.java构建UI。
- UIManagerModule.java接收到UI信息后,将UI的操作封装成对应的Action,放在队列中等待执行。各种UI的操作,例如创建、销毁、更新等便在队列里完成,UI最终
得以渲染在屏幕上。
如上图所示AppRegistry.registerComponent用来注册组件,在该方法内它会调用AppRegistry.runApplication()来启动js的渲染流程。AppRegistry.runApplication()
会将传入的Component转换成ReactElement,并在外面包裹一层AppContaniner,AppContaniner主要用来提供一些debug工具(例如:红盒)。
如下所示:
function renderApplication<Props: Object>(
RootComponent: ReactClass<Props>,
initialProps: Props,
rootTag: any
) {
invariant(
rootTag,
'Expect to have a valid rootTag, instead got ', rootTag
);
ReactNative.render(
<AppContainer rootTag={rootTag}>
<RootComponent
{...initialProps}
rootTag={rootTag}
/>
</AppContainer>,
rootTag
);
}
我们抛开函数调用链,分析其中关键的部分,其他部分都是简单的函数调用。
关键点1:ReactNativeMount.renderComponent()
/**
* @param {ReactComponent} instance Instance to render.
* @param {containerTag} containerView Handle to native view tag
*/
renderComponent: function(
nextElement: ReactElement<*>,
containerTag: number,
callback?: ?(() => void)
): ?ReactComponent<any, any, any> {
//将RectElement使用相同的TopLevelWrapper进行包裹
var nextWrappedElement = React.createElement(
TopLevelWrapper,
{ child: nextElement }
);
var topRootNodeID = containerTag;
var prevComponent = ReactNativeMount._instancesByContainerID[topRootNodeID];
if (prevComponent) {
var prevWrappedElement = prevComponent._currentElement;
var prevElement = prevWrappedElement.props.child;
if (shouldUpdateReactComponent(prevElement, nextElement)) {
ReactUpdateQueue.enqueueElementInternal(prevComponent, nextWrappedElement, emptyObject);
if (callback) {
ReactUpdateQueue.enqueueCallbackInternal(prevComponent, callback);
}
return prevComponent;
} else {
ReactNativeMount.unmountComponentAtNode(containerTag);
}
}
if (!ReactNativeTagHandles.reactTagIsNativeTopRootID(containerTag)) {
console.error('You cannot render into anything but a top root');
return null;
}
ReactNativeTagHandles.assertRootTag(containerTag);
//检查之前的节点是否已经mount到目标节点上,如果有则进行比较处理
var instance = instantiateReactComponent(nextWrappedElement, false);
ReactNativeMount._instancesByContainerID[containerTag] = instance;
// The initial render is synchronous but any updates that happen during
// rendering, in componentWillMount or componentDidMount, will be batched
// according to the current batching strategy.
//将mount任务提交给回调Queue,最终会调用ReactReconciler.mountComponent()
ReactUpdates.batchedUpdates(
batchedMountComponentIntoNode,
instance,
containerTag
);
var component = instance.getPublicInstance();
if (callback) {
callback.call(component);
}
return component;
},
该方法主要做了以下事情:
- 将传入的RectElement使用相同的TopLevelWrapper进行包裹,生成nextWrappedElement。
- 检查之前的节点是否已经mount到目标节点上,如果有则进行比较处理,将上一步生成的nextWrappedElement传入instantiateReactComponent(nextWrappedElement, false)方法。
- 将mount任务提交给回调Queue,最终会调用ReactReconciler.mountComponent(),ReactReconciler.mountComponent()又会去调用C++层Instance::mountComponent()
方法。
关键点2:instantiateReactComponent.instantiateReactComponent(node, shouldHaveDebugID)
在分析这个函数之前,我们先来补充一下React组件相关知识。React组件可以分为两种:
- 元组件:框架内置的,可以直接使用的组件。例如:View、Image等。它在React Native中用ReactNativeBaseComponent来描述。
- 复合组件:用户封装的组件,一般可以通过React.createClass()来构建,提供render()方法来返回渲染目标。它在React Native中用ReactCompositeComponent来描述。
instantiateReactComponent(node, shouldHaveDebugID)方法根据对象的type生成元组件或者复合组件。
/**
* Given a ReactNode, create an instance that will actually be mounted.
*
* @param {ReactNode} node
* @param {boolean} shouldHaveDebugID
* @return {object} A new instance of the element's constructor.
* @protected
*/
function instantiateReactComponent(node, shouldHaveDebugID) {
var instance;
if (node === null || node === false) {
instance = ReactEmptyComponent.create(instantiateReactComponent);
} else if (typeof node === 'object') {
var element = node;
var type = element.type;
if (typeof type !== 'function' && typeof type !== 'string') {
var info = '';
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (type === undefined || typeof type === 'object' && type !== null && Object.keys(type).length === 0) {
info += ' You likely forgot to export your component from the file ' + 'it\'s defined in.';
}
}
info += getDeclarationErrorAddendum(element._owner);
!false ? process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? invariant(false, 'Element type is invalid: expected a string (for built-in components) or a class/function (for composite components) but got: %s.%s', type == null ? type : typeof type, info) : _prodInvariant('130', type == null ? type : typeof type, info) : void 0;
}
//如果对象的type为string,则调用ReactHostComponent.createInternalComponent(element)来注入生成组件的逻辑
if (typeof element.type === 'string') {
instance = ReactHostComponent.createInternalComponent(element);
}
//如果是内部元组件,则创建一个type实例
else if (isInternalComponentType(element.type)) {
// This is temporarily available for custom components that are not string
// representations. I.e. ART. Once those are updated to use the string
// representation, we can drop this code path.
instance = new element.type(element);
// We renamed this. Allow the old name for compat. :(
if (!instance.getHostNode) {
instance.getHostNode = instance.getNativeNode;
}
}
//否则,则是用户创建的复合组件,这个时候创建一个ReactCompositeComponentWrapper实例,该实例用来描述复合组件
else {
instance = new ReactCompositeComponentWrapper(element);
}
//当对象为string或者number时,调用ReactHostComponent.createInstanceForText(node)来注入组件生成逻辑。
} else if (typeof node === 'string' || typeof node === 'number') {
instance = ReactHostComponent.createInstanceForText(node);
} else {
!false ? process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? invariant(false, 'Encountered invalid React node of type %s', typeof node) : _prodInvariant('131', typeof node) : void 0;
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' ? warning(typeof instance.mountComponent === 'function' && typeof instance.receiveComponent === 'function' && typeof instance.getHostNode === 'function' && typeof instance.unmountComponent === 'function', 'Only React Components can be mounted.') : void 0;
}
// These two fields are used by the DOM and ART diffing algorithms
// respectively. Instead of using expandos on components, we should be
// storing the state needed by the diffing algorithms elsewhere.
instance._mountIndex = 0;
instance._mountImage = null;
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
instance._debugID = shouldHaveDebugID ? getNextDebugID() : 0;
}
// Internal instances should fully constructed at this point, so they should
// not get any new fields added to them at this point.
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (Object.preventExtensions) {
Object.preventExtensions(instance);
}
}
return instance;
}
该方法根据对象的type生成元组件或者复合组件,具体流程如下:
- 如果对象的type为string,则调用ReactHostComponent.createInternalComponent(element)来注入生成组件的逻辑,如果是内部元组件,则创建一个type实例,
否则,则是用户创建的复合组件,这个时候创建一个ReactCompositeComponentWrapper实例,该实例用来描述复合组件。 - 当对象为string或者number时,调用ReactHostComponent.createInstanceForText(node)来注入组件生成逻辑。
- 以上都不是,则报错。
我们通过前面的分析,了解了整个UI开始渲染的时机,以及js层的整个渲染流程,接下来,我们开始分析每个js的组件时怎么转换成Android的组件,最终显示在屏幕上的。
上面我们提到元组件与复合组件,事实上复合组件也是递归遍历其中的元组件,然后进行渲染。所以我们重点关注元组件的生成逻辑。
元组件的渲染流程图如下所示:
我们可以看到,UI渲染主要通过UIManager来完成,UIManager是一个ReactModule,UIManager.js里的操作都会对应到UIManagerModule里来。
关键点3:UIManagerModule.createView
在UIManagerModule这个类里被@ReactMethod注解标记的都是可以被js调用的方法。UIManagerModule把功能委托给了UIImplementation来实现。
public class UIImplementation {
/**
* Invoked by React to create a new node with a given tag, class name and properties.
*/
public void createView(int tag, String className, int rootViewTag, ReadableMap props) {
ReactShadowNode cssNode = createShadowNode(className);
ReactShadowNode rootNode = mShadowNodeRegistry.getNode(rootViewTag);
cssNode.setReactTag(tag);
cssNode.setViewClassName(className);
cssNode.setRootNode(rootNode);
cssNode.setThemedContext(rootNode.getThemedContext());
mShadowNodeRegistry.addNode(cssNode);
ReactStylesDiffMap styles = null;
if (props != null) {
styles = new ReactStylesDiffMap(props);
cssNode.updateProperties(styles);
}
handleCreateView(cssNode, rootViewTag, styles);
}
protected void handleCreateView(
ReactShadowNode cssNode,
int rootViewTag,
@Nullable ReactStylesDiffMap styles) {
if (!cssNode.isVirtual()) {
mNativeViewHierarchyOptimizer.handleCreateView(cssNode, cssNode.getThemedContext(), styles);
}
}
}
ReactShadowNode用来描述DOM树的节点,它将js层传递过来的UI信息包装成一个ReactShadowNode,调用handleCreateView()方法把UI的操作封装成一个
Action,放进队列中等到执行。
关键点4:NativeViewHierarchyManager.createView()
从上面的序列可以看出,所有的View操作都会被被包装成一个Action,然后放在队列中等待处理。
public class NativeViewHierarchyManager {
public void createView(
ThemedReactContext themedContext,
int tag,
String className,
@Nullable ReactStylesDiffMap initialProps) {
UiThreadUtil.assertOnUiThread();
SystraceMessage.beginSection(
Systrace.TRACE_TAG_REACT_VIEW,
"NativeViewHierarchyManager_createView")
.arg("tag", tag)
.arg("className", className)
.flush();
try {
ViewManager viewManager = mViewManagers.get(className);
View view = viewManager.createView(themedContext, mJSResponderHandler);
mTagsToViews.put(tag, view);
mTagsToViewManagers.put(tag, viewManager);
// Use android View id field to store React tag. This is possible since we don't inflate
// React views from layout xmls. Thus it is easier to just reuse that field instead of
// creating another (potentially much more expensive) mapping from view to React tag
view.setId(tag);
if (initialProps != null) {
viewManager.updateProperties(view, initialProps);
}
} finally {
Systrace.endSection(Systrace.TRACE_TAG_REACT_VIEW);
}
}
}
可以看到该函数调用ViewManager.createView()来创建了View。
@ReactPropertyHolder
public abstract class ViewManager<T extends View, C extends ReactShadowNode>
extends BaseJavaModule {
public final T createView(
ThemedReactContext reactContext,
JSResponderHandler jsResponderHandler) {
T view = createViewInstance(reactContext);
addEventEmitters(reactContext, view);
if (view instanceof ReactInterceptingViewGroup) {
((ReactInterceptingViewGroup) view).setOnInterceptTouchEventListener(jsResponderHandler);
}
return view;
}
}
ViewManager.createView()方法调用相应组件的构造函数构建View实例,并设置事件发射器,当前View发生的事件会通过发射器发送到JS层处理。
以上便是React Native渲染的整个流程,我们再来总结一下。
- React Native将代码由JSX转化为JS组件,启动过程中利用instantiateReactComponent将ReactElement转化为复合组件ReactCompositeComponent与元组件ReactNativeBaseComponent,利用
ReactReconciler对他们进行渲染。 - UIManager.js利用C++层的Instance.cpp将UI信息传递给UIManagerModule.java,并利用UIManagerModule.java构建UI。
- UIManagerModule.java接收到UI信息后,将UI的操作封装成对应的Action,放在队列中等待执行。各种UI的操作,例如创建、销毁、更新等便在队列里完成,UI最终
得以渲染在屏幕上。