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Python强大的绘图模块matplotlib示例讲解!

来源:东饰资讯网

Matplotlib 是 Python 的绘图库。作为程序员,经常需要进行绘图,在我自己的工作中,如果需要绘图,一般都是将数据导入到excel中,然后通过excel生成图表,这样操作起来还是比较繁琐的,所以最近学习了一下Matplotlib模块,将该模块的常用的绘图手段和大家分享一下,提高大家在工作中的效率;

在示例中,我们主要用到Matplotlib和Numpy这两个模块来为大家演示Python强大的绘图功能,相信大家通过我下面的10个示例,基本上可以满足大家日常工作的需求,再次强调一下,只是简单的用法,大家千万不要想通过这篇博客获取到太高深的用法。

下面进入正题

1、绘制一条直线

代码如下,下面的代码大家应该都可以看懂吧

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"># 导入常用的包
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

生成-1到1的数据,一共生成100个,也可以生成1到-1的数据,这些数据是平均分布的

定义x轴的数据

x = np.linspace(-1,1,100)

定义y轴的数据

y = x * 2 + 100
plt.plot(x,y)

显示图像

plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815529" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

2、创建一个画布,同时设置该画布的大小

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(-1,1,100)

y1 = x * 2 + 100

y2 = x ** 2

创建一个画布

figsize:设置画布的大小

plt.figure(figsize=(2,2))
plt.plot(x,y1)

创建第二个画布

plt.figure()
plt.plot(x,y2)

plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下,会同时显示两张画布

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815535" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

3、在一张画布中画两条线,同时可以设置线的颜色,宽度,和风格

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(-1,1,100)

y1 = x * 2 + 0.5

y2 = x ** 2

color:表示设置线的颜色

linewidth:表示设置线的宽度

linestyle:表示设置线的风格

plt.figure(figsize=(2,2))
plt.plot(x,y1,color='r',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='--')

plt.plot(x,y2,color='b',linewidth=5.0,linestyle='-')

plt.show()

上面的效果就是2条曲线被放到一个画布中

</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815541" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

4、限制x轴,y轴的显示范围,为x轴和y轴添加描述,替换x轴和y轴的显示信息

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

设置坐标轴

x = np.linspace(-3,3,100)

y1 = x * 2 + 0.5

y2 = x ** 2

plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))
plt.plot(x,y1,color='r',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='--')

plt.plot(x,y2,color='b',linewidth=5.0,linestyle='-')

限制x轴的显示范围

plt.xlim((-1,2))

限制y轴的显示范围

plt.ylim((-1,5))

给x轴加描述

plt.xlabel("xxxxxx")

给y轴加描述

plt.ylabel("yyyyyy")

替换一下横坐标的显示

temp = np.linspace(-2,2,11)
plt.xticks(temp)

替换纵坐标的标签,用level0代替之前的-1

plt.yticks([-1,0,1,2,3,4,5],["level0","level1","level2","level3","level4","level5","level6"])

plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815548" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

5、对边框进行设置,调整x轴和y轴的位置

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

设置坐标轴

x = np.linspace(-3,3,100)

y1 = x * 2 + 0.5

y2 = x ** 2

plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))
plt.plot(x,y1,color='r',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='--')

plt.plot(x,y2,color='b',linewidth=5.0,linestyle='-')

限制x轴的显示范围

plt.xlim((-1,2))

限制y轴的显示范围

plt.ylim((-1,5))

给x轴加描述

plt.xlabel("xxxxxx")

给y轴加描述

plt.ylabel("yyyyyy")

替换一下横坐标的显示

temp = np.linspace(-2,2,11)
plt.xticks(temp)

替换纵坐标的标签,用level0代替之前的-1

plt.yticks([-1,0,1,2,3,4,5],["level0","level1","level2","level3","level4","level5","level6"])

获取边框

ax = plt.gca()

设置右边框的颜色为红色

ax.spines["right"].set_color("r")

去掉上边框

ax.spines["top"].set_color(None)

把x轴的刻度设置为bottom

ax.xaxis.set_ticks_position("bottom")

把y轴的客户设置为left

ax.yaxis.set_ticks_position("left")

设置x和y交汇的点,x轴是0,y是也是0,也就是x轴和y轴的都是0点交汇

ax.spines["bottom"].set_position(("data",0))
ax.spines["left"].set_position(("data",0))

plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815557" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

6、为画布添加图例

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#Auther Bob

----conding:utf-8 ----

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

设置图例

x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
y1 = x * 2 + 0.5
y2 = x ** 2
plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))

首先要为两条线分别取名,这里的逗号必须要有

l1, = plt.plot(x, y1, color='r', linewidth=1.0, linestyle='--')
l2, = plt.plot(x, y2, color='b', linewidth=5.0, linestyle='-')

handles控制图例中要说明的线

labels为两条线分别取一个label

loc控制图例的显示位置,一般用best,由代码为我们选择最优的位置即可

plt.legend(handles=[l1, l2], labels=["test1", "test2"], loc='best')

限制x轴的显示范围

plt.xlim((-1, 2))

限制y轴的显示范围

plt.ylim((-1, 5))

给x轴加描述

plt.xlabel("xxxxxx")

给y轴加描述

plt.ylabel("yyyyyy")

替换一下横坐标的显示

temp = np.linspace(-2, 2, 11)
plt.xticks(temp)

替换纵坐标的标签,用level0代替之前的-1

plt.yticks([-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5], ["level0", "level1", "level2", "level3", "level4", "level5", "level6"])

为图像加一个图例,用来对图像做说明

plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815568" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

7、为图像添加描述

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

为图像做标注

x = np.linspace(-3,3,100)

y1 = x * 2

y2 = x ** 2

plt.figure(figsize=(6,6))

plt.plot(x,y1,color='r',linewidth=1.0,linestyle='-')

给x轴加描述

plt.xlabel("xxxxxx")

给y轴加描述

plt.ylabel("yyyyyy")

======================================================

在x轴为x0,y轴为x0 * 2上画一个点,这个点的颜色是红色,大小为50,这个大小就是这个点显示的大小

x0 = 0.5
y0 = x0 * 2

scatter是画点的方法

plt.scatter(x0,y0,color='g',s=50)

画线

这条线是第一个点的坐标为[x0,y0],第二个点的坐标为[x0,-6],后面就是设置线的风格,线的颜色,线的宽度

plt.plot([x0,x0],[y0,-6],color='k',linestyle='--',linewidth=1.0)

画箭头和描述

xy代表我们的点

xytext代码我们描述的位置,基于当前的点,在x轴+30,在y轴-30

r'是我们要显示的文字信息,格式必须要这样

textcoords表示作为起点

fontsize表示设置字体大小

arrowprops设置箭头

arrowstyle设置箭头的样式

connectionstyle设置风格.2表示弧度

plt.annotate(r'$2*0.5={n}/pre>.format(n = y0),xy=(x0,y0),xytext=(+30,-30),textcoords='offset points',fontsize=10,arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle='->',connectionstyle='arc3,rad=.2'))

显示文字描述,从x轴为-1,y轴为2开始显示,$中就是要显示的字符,这里如果要显示空格,则需要转义

fontdict设置字体

plt.text(-1,2,r'$1\ 2\ 3\ 4/pre>,fontdict={"size":16,"color":"r"})

=========================================================

为图像加一个图例,用来对图像做说明

plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815582" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

8、绘制散点图

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

绘制散点图

plt.scatter(np.arange(1,10,1),np.arange(10,19,1))

plt.scatter(np.linspace(-3,3,10),np.linspace(-3,3,10))

x = np.random.normal(1,10,500)
y = np.random.normal(1,10,500)

print(x)

s设置点的大小

c是颜色

alpha是透明度

plt.scatter(x,y,s=50,c='b',alpha=0.5)
plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815589" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

9、绘制直方图

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

绘制直方图

x = np.arange(10)
y = x ** 2 + 10

facecolor设置柱体的颜色

edgecolor设置边框的颜色

plt.bar(x,y,facecolor='g',edgecolor='r')

绘制翻转过来的直方图

plt.bar(x,-y)

显示文字

for x,y in zip(x,y):
plt.text(x,y,"{f}".format(f=y),ha="center",va='bottom')
plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815596" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

10、一张画布显示多张图像

代码如下

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#Auther Bob

----conding:utf-8 ----

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.figure()

有一个两行两列的单元格,这个位于第一个单元格

plt.subplot(2,2,1)

画一条【0,0】-----》【1,1】的直线

plt.plot([0,1],[0,1])

有一个两行两列的单元格,这个位于第一个单元格

plt.subplot(2,2,2)

画一条【0,0】-----》【1,1】的直线

plt.plot([0,1],[0,1])

有一个两行两列的单元格,这个位于第一个单元格

plt.subplot(2,2,3)

画一条【0,0】-----》【1,1】的直线

plt.plot([1,0],[0,1])

plt.show()

上面的例子,每张图他显示的大小是一样的,我们想显示不同的大小该怎么办?

plt.figure()

有一个两行三列的单元格,这个位于第一个单元格

plt.subplot(2,1,1)

画一条【0,0】-----》【1,1】的直线

plt.plot([0,1],[0,1])

有一个两行三列的单元格,这个位于第四个单元格,因为第一个单元格占了3个位子,所以这里就是第四个

plt.subplot(2,3,4)

画一条【0,0】-----》【1,1】的直线

plt.plot([0,1],[0,1])

有一个两行三列的单元格,这个位于第五个单元格

plt.subplot(2,3,5)

画一条【0,0】-----》【1,1】的直线

plt.plot([1,0],[0,1])
plt.show()
</pre>

效果如下

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1559284815606" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

11、matplotlib模块中的颜色和线条风格,取自菜鸟教程

作为线性图的替代,可以通过向 plot() 函数添加格式字符串来显示离散值。 可以使用以下格式化字符。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> 字符 描述 '-' 实线样式 '--' 短横线样式 '-.' 点划线样式 ':' 虚线样式 '.' 点标记 ',' 像素标记 'o' 圆标记 'v' 倒三角标记 '^' 正三角标记 '<' 左三角标记 '>' 右三角标记 '1' 下箭头标记 '2' 上箭头标记 '3' 左箭头标记 '4' 右箭头标记 's' 正方形标记 'p' 五边形标记 '*' 星形标记 'h' 六边形标记 1 'H' 六边形标记 2 '+' 加号标记 'x' X 标记 'D' 菱形标记 'd' 窄菱形标记 '|' 竖直线标记 '_' 水平线标记 以下是颜色的缩写:
</pre>

字符 颜色 'b' 蓝色 'g' 绿色 'r' 红色 'c' 青色 'm' 品红色 'y' 黄色 'k' 黑色 'w' 白色

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