unit 4 理解·课文精研读
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have ever witnessed(目睹) a fearful accident.
2．When the artificial flowers are contrasted(对比) with natural ones, you can hardly tell the difference.
3．He made himself understood with the help of gestures(手势)． 4．How many people does the company employ(雇用)? 5．The students were asked to interpret(解释) the poem. 6．The grass in the yard was waist(腰) high.
7．They said, after digging around, the photo was fake(伪造的)． 8．The twins(双胞胎) are so alike that I can't tell which is which. 9．He is talking to Tom on the internal(内部的) telephone. 10．He has a tendency(趋势) to forget things. Ⅱ.阅读
A
A smile will tell people around you that you are a kind and friendly person.However，many people don't smile because they think they have ugly teeth.For example，one of my classmates，Mike，doesn't have very nice teeth，so that is why he seldom opens his mouth.He even says that he has lost confidence because of his teeth.So it is very important for us to look after our teeth.In fact，a lot of people have this problem.Some people inherit tooth problems from their parents，while others' teeth are damaged because of bad habits，like heavy smoking，eating too much sugar or not brushing teeth often.If your teeth are in bad shape，you should see a dentist and ask for help.They can help improve your teeth and tell you how to take care of them.
Smiling can help you feel more confident and make people think of you as a more friendly person.If you want to keep healthy，you should not only smile but also laugh.An Indian doctor called Kataria said that young children should laugh about 30 times a day，while adults should laugh between 7 and 15 times a day.So please take this chance to smile and laugh now.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了笑的作用以及有人不笑的原因。
1．Many people don't smile because ． A．they don't like smiling B．they think they are ugly C．their teeth are not beautiful D．they can't open their mouths
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“many people don't smile because they think they have ugly teeth”可知答案选C。]
2．What can a dentist do according to the passage? A．A dentist can help improve your bad teeth.
B．A dentist can tell you how to take care of your bad teeth. C．A dentist can tell you how to brush your teeth. D．Both A and B.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“If your teeth are in bad shape，you should see a dentist and ask for help.They can help improve your teeth and tell you how to take care of them.”可知答案选D。]
3．If you want to keep healthy，you had better ． A．not smile often B．laugh all the time C．neither smile nor laugh D．smile and even laugh often
D [细节理解题。根据第二段“If you want to keep healthy，you should not only smile but also laugh.”可知答案选D。]
4．How many times should a child laugh every day in doctor Kataria's opinion? A．Either 300 or 30 times a day. B．Between 7 and 15 times a day. C．About 30 times a day. D．Only 30 times a day.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段“An Indian doctor called Kataria said that young
children should laugh about 30 times a day”可知答案选C。]
B
If you want to succeed in life，you need to express the proper body language，with or without having to say anything else.You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language.
Relax your shoulders，keep your hands at your sides (never inside your pockets) and breathe slowly.Have a warm，welcoming facial expression as if you look forward to communicating.Depending on the situation，you may smile when appropriate.
Face the other person or your audience and keep eye contact as much as possible throughout the talk.Nodding and tilting (倾斜) your head closer can show that you are listening.
Do not fold (交叉) your arms，look down at the floor or put your hands in your pockets.These can show that you are uninterested.If you have any comments，you can show them in negative but respectful ways like raising your eyebrows.
A lot of your body language can show how confident，interested，bored，angry or nervous you are.Keeping your head up throughout the entire conversation can show that you are very much into the conversation at hand.
You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize (强调) a point.If you're enumerating things，it's better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track.
Pacing will help you create more ground if you have a larger crowd to communicate with.It will also show confidence on your part as you think of more things to say.
Be very careful when touching the other person since you are crossing the boundaries (界限) of body language through actual contact.Remember that in body language，it is your body that does the talking for you.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了一些身体语言表示的意思。
5．According to the text，if you find a listener raising his eyebrows，he may ．
A．try to show his anger B．want to give his own opinion
C．not understand what you say D．want to prove his confidence
B [细节理解题。由第四段中“If you have any comments，you can show them in...like raising your eyebrows.”这一信息可知B项正确。]
6．The underlined word “enumerating”in Paragraph 6 may mean “ ”． A．considering C．numbering
B．judging D．discussing
C [词义猜测题。由第六段中“You may feel free to use a few hand gestures to emphasize (强调) a point.”以及画线词后面的“...it's better to use each of your fingers as you mention each item to help your audience keep track.”可知C项正确。]
7．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The power of body language B．The attraction of body language C．The origin of body language D．The understanding of body language
A [标题归纳题。由第一段最后一句“You will certainly notice a whole new reaction from people if you use the power of body language.”可知，A项正确。]
8．What's the author's suggestion if you have a larger crowd to communicate with? A．To walk at a slow pace.
B．To shake hands with every person. C．To look down at the floor. D．To fold your arms.
A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，如果与“你”交流的人比较多，建议“你”慢慢移动步子去跟不同的人交流。 ]
Ⅲ.阅读七选五
Body language mistakes you should avoid at work
Communication is not only about words but also gestures.Therefore，you should be
careful about how you use your body when expressing yourself.
Avoiding eye contact (接触)
When speaking with a workmate，avoiding eye contact makes you look unprofessional (不专业的)． 1 Therefore，you should always keep eye contact especially when you are making a point.
Crossing your arms
Crossing your arms shows that you are not open to others and that you want to put a distance between yourself and them. 2 In order to give others a warm feeling，just keep your arms open.
Checking the time
Checking the time every few minutes makes people feel you are in a hurry or would rather be somewhere else. 3 Therefore，when you are speaking to your workmates，try not to look at the clock very often.
Bad body posture
Having a bad posture such as dropped shoulders or a lower neck can mean that you are not interested in what is going on around you. 4 Also，keep your head high.
Weak handshake
A weak handshake means that you don't care much about the person you are shaking hands with.Try to greet the people with a firm (有力的) handshake.However，don't forget that a handshake that is too firm can be impolite. 5
A．Therefore，try to find the right balance. B．Nod your head to show that you are listening. C．It looks like you are not interested in being there. D．This shows that you have confidence in yourself. E．This is generally considered as a position of defence.
F．It is important to stand or sit up straight when speaking to somebody. G．It also shows that you are not confident or show no interest in the topic. 【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在工作中应该避免的几种身体语言。
1．G [由该空前的“When speaking with a workmate，avoiding eye contact
makes you look unprofessional(不专业的)。”可知，和同事说话时避免目光接触会让你看起来不够专业。G项内容是：这也表明你不自信或是对话题没有兴趣，符合此处语境。]
2．E [由该空前的“Crossing your arms shows that you are not open to others and that you want to put a distance between yourself and them.”可知，将双手交叉于胸前是一种防备的姿势，故选E项。]
3．C [由该空前的“you are in a hurry or would rather be somewhere else”可知，不停地看表会让对方觉得你不想再待下去了，故选C项。]
4．F [由该空前的“dropped shoulders or a lower neck”和该空后的“Also，keep your head high.”可知，讲话时站直或是坐正非常重要，故选F项。]
5．A [由该空前的“Try to greet the people...can be impolite.”可知，和他人握手时要把握好力度，故选A项。]
unit 4 突破·语法大冲关
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Occupying (occupy) herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children.
2．What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?
3．The actor got embarrassed (embarrass) when asked about his personal things. 4．He was ashamed (shame) that he had not finished the task on time.
5．Why bother to go(go) abroad to study, when there are so many good universities at home?
6．It looks as though you are ill today.
7．A chemist can separate a medicine into its components(component)． 8．He inquired(inquire) whether there had been any messages for him. 9．You made good grades in school and perform well at work.
10．Tom's anxiety(anxious) to succeed led him to work hard. Ⅱ.语言运用
It may be difficult to understand nonverbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact，physical 1 ，etc.
Let's consider eye contact.Children from many Latin American and Asian 2 show respect by avoiding the glance of important persons.A teacher who's 3 with this，however，might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of disrespect.For many American Indian children, 4 a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class is “showing off”．
Culture greatly 5 attitudes towards physical contact，whether it's a handshake，hug，or pat on the back.In Asia，female friends 6 hold hands and men casually(随便地) hug one another as they walk down the street.Americans，however，may feel uncomfortable with such public behavior.In some Asian cultures，affectionately patting a(n) 7 head is strictly taboo(禁忌的), 8 it can be acceptable behavior between adults and young children.
How close should people stand to each other when they're having a conversation? In areas of the Middle East and South America，people stand very close when 9 ．Europeans like to have 10 distance between them，while some Africans 11 even more space.You can create great discomfort by standing too close to another person.Not being 12 of this can even prevent someone from understanding or 13 the ideas you're trying to get across.
To create a positive environment for communication，your nonverbal message must closely 14 your verbal message.One way to do this is to carefully observe how children and families speak and behave around each other and with people they respect.This can 15 clues about the true meaning of their nonverbal interactions.
【语篇解读】 本文为一篇说明文。讲述了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。另外，不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以，要想真正了解一种文化，一定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。
1．A.exercise C．education
B．touch D．strength
B [physical touch意为“身体接触”，从第三段的physical contact可得到暗示。] 2．A.schools C．homelands
B．villages D．cultures
D [第一段已提到不同文化(different cultures)中人们对视线接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。]
3．A.uncertain C．unfamiliar
B．angry D．popular
C [在拉美和亚洲文化中，小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。be unfamiliar with意为“对……不熟悉”。]
4．A.seeing C．looking
B．staring at D．glancing at
C [look sb.in the eye意为“直视某人”。] 5．A.influences C．observes
B．supports D．reduces
A [本段讲physical contact在不同文化中的影响，即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的态度”。]
6．A.never C．seldom
B．often D．sometimes
B [由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下，故可推测女性朋友之间手拉手是常事。]
7．A.child's C．adult's
B．baby's D．man's
C [在一些亚洲文化中，摸成人的头是严格禁止的，但是成人和小孩之间摸头是可以接受的。]
8．A.because C．unless
B．although D．if
B [前后之间是让步关系，故用although。] 9．A.talking C．waiting
B．eating D．listening
A [此处when talking与前一句的“when they're having a conversation”意思一样。]
10．A.more C．no
B．less D．little
A [来自中东和南美的人谈话时站得很近，而欧洲人需要的心理距离要更大一些。]
11．A.hate C．wish
B．prefer D．dream
B [该句中的while表示对比。非洲人需要的心理距离更远。] 12．A.afraid C．proud
B．ashamed D．aware
D [对谈话时的心理距离要清楚，否则会造成麻烦。be aware of意为“意识到，知道”，符合语境。]
13．A.suggesting C．refusing
B．considering D．accepting
D [空前的or表示选择关系，内容应与前面的understanding意思相近。意识不到人们交流时默认的心理距离甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。]
14．A.pass C．match
B．explain D．prepare
C [非语言信息与语言信息要相配(match)，要一致。] 15．A.provide C．prove
B．support D．search
A [这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言交流提供线索。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
Your body language will give out a lot more information.1.________ (base) on your body language it can be seen whether you are selfconfident.It can also show if you are a busy or a quiet type and it 2.________(help) give the impression of whether you are speaking 3.________ (truthful) or not.Body language can show how enthusiastic you are and if you are a nice person，someone who 4.________ (take) his work seriously or who has a sense of humour and can enjoy a joke from time 5.________ time.The members of the application committee will ask you questions，6.________ your answers won't only be oral.
The committee will not only pay attention to 7.________ you say，but also to how you say it！Body language will determine first if it “clicks”，and sometimes all it takes is just a few 8.________(second)．Everybody 9.________(use) body language，but it takes place mostly at a subconscious (下意识的) level.Using body language appropriately，you can definitely increase your chances of 10.________(get) a job.
【语篇解读】 你的身体语言能给出许多信息。
1．Based [考查非谓语动词。it can be seen whether you are selfconfident为句子的主干，此处应用base的非谓语动词形式，和后面的on your body language一起作状语，be based on意为“以……为基础”。故填Based。]
2．helps [考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，主语为it，故填helps。]
3．truthfully [考查词性转换。修饰speaking应用副词，故填truthfully。] 4．takes [who his work seriously为定语从句，修饰someone，设空处在定语从句中作谓语。根据or后面的定语从句用一般现在时可知此处也用一般现在时，故填takes。]
5．to [考查固定搭配。from time to time为固定搭配，意为“有时；不时”，故填to。]
6．but [考查并列连词。句意：申请委员会的成员们会问你问题，但是你的回答并不只是口述的。根据句意可知，设空处前后内容在意思上存在转折关系，故填but。]
7．what [考查宾语从句。 you say为宾语从句，设空处引导从句并且在从句中作宾语，指事物，故填what。]
8．seconds [考查名词复数。a few修饰可数名词的复数形式，故填seconds。] 9．uses [考查主谓一致和时态。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，everybody作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式，故填uses。]
10．getting [考查非谓语动词。介词of后要跟动名词形式，故填getting。]
unit 4 表达·作文巧升格
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don't talk.Gestures are the “silent language” of every culture.We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say.It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood.
In the USA，people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction.The handshake must be firm.If the handshake is weak，it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness.Friends may place a hand on the other's arm or shoulder.Some people，usually women，greet a friend with a hug.
Space is important to Americans.When two people talk to each other，they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle (角度)，so they are not facing each other directly.Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close.They will move back to have their space.If Americans touch another person by accident，they say，“Pardon me” or “Excuse me”．Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking.If you don't do so，it means you are bored，hiding something，or are not interested.But when you stare at someone，it is not polite.
For Americans，thumbs up means yes，very good，or well done.Thumbs down means the opposite.To call a waiter，raise one hand to head level or above.To show you want the check，make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper.It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger(食指)．Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them.
Learning a culture's body language is sometimes confusing.If you don't know what to do，the safest thing to do is to smile.
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了学习身势语在跨文化交流中的重要性。 1．If you are introduced to a stranger in the USA，you should ． A．greet him with a hug B．place a hand on his shoulder C．shake his hand firmly D．shake his hand weakly
C [细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，在美国，当相互介绍的时候，与对方握手要用力，否则会被视为不友好，故C项最佳。]
2．Which behavior is acceptable when people talk to each other in the USA? A．Facing each other directly. B．Touching each other.
C．Not looking at the other person in the eyes. D．Not standing too close.
D [细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，美国人谈话时不会离得太近。由第三段内容可知其他三项即“直面对方、互相触摸以及眼睛不看对方”都不是恰当的行为。]
3．When your American friend gives you a thumbsup，he may ． A．express his satisfaction with you B．show his anger at you C．show his rudeness to you
D．express his worries about you
A [细节理解题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，对美国人来说，竖起拇指意味着“干得很好”，拇指朝下表达意思相反。]
B
Amy Cuddy，a Harvard psychologist，has devoted her studies to the influence body language that has on your confidence...and finally，success.Her biggest findings center on the powerful effects of positive body language.Positive body language includes things like proper eye contact，active listening，and gestures that show the message you're trying to express.Studies show that people who use positive body language are more likable (讨人喜欢的)，persuasive，and emotionally intelligent.Here's how it works：
Positive body language changes your attitude.Cuddy found that consciously (有意识地) changing your body language to make it more positive improves your attitude because it has a powerful influence on your body.
It makes you more likable.In a Tufts University study，people watched soundless videos of doctors interacting with their patients.Just by observing the doctors' body language，people were able to guess which doctors ended up getting complained by their patients.Body language plays a big role in how you're viewed and can be more important than your voice or even what you say.Learning to use positive body language will make people like you and trust you more.
It improves your emotional intelligence.Your ability to effectively communicate your emotions and ideas is central to your emotional intelligence.People whose body language is negative have a destructive effect on those around them.Working to improve your body language has a great effect on your emotional intelligence.
We often think of body language as the result of our attitude or how we feel.This is true，but psychologists have also shown that the opposite is true：changing your body language changes your attitude.
Have you felt the influence from changing your body language? Please click the link below to turn to the comments page and share your thoughts there，so I can learn just as much from you as you do from me.
【语篇解读】 肢体语言通常被认为是我们观点和感受的表达，但反过来，
肢体语言的正确表达也可以改变我们的观点和感受，使我们更受欢迎。
4．What is Cuddy's biggest finding?
A．Soundless videos are good for observing body language. B．Positive body language makes people become smarter. C．Positive body language brings people many benefits. D．People's emotions greatly affect their body language.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Cuddy的研究发现肢体语言，尤其是积极的肢体语言带给人们很多益处。]
5．Why does developing positive body language improve one's attitude? A．It affects one's body greatly. B．It decides how one is viewed. C．It makes one more reliable.
D．It makes one more emotionally intelligent.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because it has a powerful influence on your body”可知原因。]
6．The underlined word “interacting” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “ ”．
A．playing C．fighting
B．communicating D．arguing
B [词义猜测题。根据上下文可以看出，医生跟病人之间有很多肢体语言的互动，所以他们应该是在交流。]
7．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Emotional improvement totally depends on body language. B．The author thinks it useless to change one's body language. C．People with positive body language are probably more successful. D．Changing body language is widely known to change one's attitude.
C [推理判断题。根据第一段得知Cuddy研究的重点就是积极的肢体语言对
诸如自信与成功的影响，后文又提到积极的肢体语言会使人更受喜欢和值得信赖，使人情商更高。故推断，积极的肢体语言有助于成功。]
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In 2002，an Australian man went to his friend's 21st birthday party.He got drunk，fell off some steps and cut his lip.He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends online.“And sorry about the focus，” he wrote，“it was a selfie(自拍)．” That was the first recorded use of the word “selfie”，according to some experts at Oxford Dictionaries.
Oxford Dictionaries declared “selfie”．In recent years，the act of taking a picture of oneself with a mobile phone，placing the subject centerstage，has won great popularity with everyone from Britain's Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ to former U．S.President Barack Obama joining in.
But the rise of selfie photography in some of the world's most beautiful and dangerous places has also inspired a lot of risktaking behavior，such as hanging from a tall building，standing in front of a rushing train and crossing a busy street.People who get addicted will never stop taking selfies，completely ignoring where they are.In fact，there have been several reports about people losing their lives while taking selfies.Several governments have now begun treating selfie as a serious threat to safety，warning visitors to pay attention to the dangers when taking selfies.
“Walt Disney World is also banning selfiesticks from its theme parks because selfiesticks have become a growing safety concern for our guests，” Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said.Under the new policy，guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks' entrances.
【参考范文】
The word “selfie” was first used by an Australian man in 2002.Today，more and more people are crazy about taking selfies，including some famous people.But the
popularity of selfie has caused some safety problems，as a result of which，some governments show great concern about visitors' safety.Walt Disney also doesn't allow visitors to use selfiesticks in its theme parks.
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