考博英语英译汉、汉译英专项练习(含详解)2

人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解）

专项练习1

科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。

【参考译文】

Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.

专项练习2

去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。因为当时原油价格创下了历史新记录，作为应对措施，很多公司不得不提高机票价格中的燃料费用。

美国人和欧洲人不断发胖的趋势促使政府发动健康运动，同时人们严厉谴责许多食品公司。麦当劳连锁店在谴责声中受到冲击，因而不得不在最近几个月里修改菜单，增加了一些更有利于健康的食物。这一举动促使麦当劳的盈利增加。然而，据专家预测，人类注定会越来越胖，会对航空公司的利润空间形成不断增加的压力。

【参考译文】

Last year, the Federal Aviation Administration increased by ten pounds the average passenger weight they use to calculate aircraft loads. Since then crude oil prices have hit record levels, with many firms responding by raising the fuel surcharge they add to ticket prices.

The rising level of obesity in the US and in Europe has prompted government health campaigns and harsh criticism of a number of food firms. Restaurant chain McDonald’s has taken the brunt of the attack and has in recent months reworked its menu to include healthier options. The move has helped lift profits. The prediction by experts, however, is that humans are set to become bigger, putting increasing pressure on airline profit.

专项练习3

据最新估计，雅典奥运会的开支已达到100亿美元，这对于希腊这样的小国来说可是一笔不小的数目，何况它曾经是欧盟中最贫穷的国家。

希腊对这次奥运会可能带来的美好前景寄予厚望，并想借此机会（向世界）展示一个“焕然一新”的希腊，以吸引新的投资者和游客。但是，本国运动员的兴奋剂丑闻和旅游业的低靡破坏了希腊的形象，这使希腊政府十分恼火。希腊财政部的一位重要官员告诉记者，希腊只有正确处理好公众关系，才能使雅典奥运会的开销变成投资。

【参考译文】

Latest estimates of the costs of hosting the Athens Olympics put them at up to $10 billion huge amount for a small country like Greece, once the poorest in the EU.

The nation has pinned hopes of a successful future on the events being a showcase for a “transformed” country, attracting new investors and tourists alike. But there is anger in government that the home team’s doping scandals and a tourism slump are ruining Greece’s image. A key treasury aide told reporters that Games spending would become an investment only if Greece got the right public relations message across.

专项练习4

正在意大利进行国事访问的中国国家主席江泽民22日在总统府与意大利总统举行了会谈。江泽民主席说，中意两国虽然相距遥远，社会制度、文化传统、经济发展程度也存在差异，但两国关系很好。现在两国合作的深度与广度不断扩大，意大利是中国在欧洲的重要贸易伙伴。两国经济互补性强，双方开展经贸合作潜力很大。中国政府支持和鼓励中国企业界同意大利同行多往来，使两国经贸合作更富有成果。

【参考译文】

Chinese president Jiang Zeming who is currently on a state visit to Italy held a formal talk with Italian president on 22nd at the presidential palace. President Jiang pointed out that although Italy and China are geographically far away from each other and important differences exist in their respective social systems, cultural traditions, and the levels of economic development, the two countries have so far maintained a very friendly bilateral relationship. At present, the cooperation between the two countries has been expanding in terms of both the depth and the width, Italy being an important trade partner of China in Europe. The economies of both countries are characterized by strong complementarity and there is tremendous potential for both countries to undertake economic and trade cooperation. The Chinese government will support and encourage Chinese business communities to conduct more contacts with their Italian counterparts so as to make the economic and commercial cooperation between the two countries more constructive and fruitful.

专项练习5

徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人烟稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。

【参考译文】

During his lifetime, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 provinces. He left his footsteps in virtually every part of the country. In the process of conducting his surveys and investigations, he would never blindly embrace the conclusions recorded in previous documents. Instead, he discovered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many aspects. In order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he seldom traveled by ship or by wagon. He climbed over mountains and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on foot. In order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads were

difficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely populated. In this way he discovered many marvelous mountains and beautiful scenes. He frequently chose different times and seasons of the year to make repeated visits to the famous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated observations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year round.

专项练习6

在过去几十年里,大多数发展中国家的人民文化水平得到了提高,寿命大大延长;几乎在所有地方，妇女的地位在逐步提高。一个由电子邮件联结的全球公民同盟，倡议并起草了最新的禁止地雷条约，并劝说大多数政府来签署该条约。越来越多的环保组织与私营企业一起努力并产生了惊人的效果：最近已有二十多家大公司决定签署全球气象条约。

【参考译文】

Literacy and life spans have risen dramatically in most developing countries over the past few decades, and the status of women is slowly improving nearly everywhere. It was a global coalition of citizens’ groups linked by e-mail that initiated and largely drafted the recent treaty to ban land mines and persuaded most of the world’s governments to sign it. And increasingly, environmental groups are working with private corporations, often to startling effect: Witness the recent decision of some two dozen major companies to endorse the global climate treaty.

专项练习7

拉丁美洲的未来难以预料。一方面，该地区已做好发展的准备：大多数民主政府已投入经济改革，人口已大部分城市化，相当可观的工业基础, 极为丰富的自然资源。另一方面，拉丁美洲仍是全球最不平等的地区：土地所有权高度集中,大多数人不具备接受良好的教育及其他社会服务的机会，一些国家仍有高达40%的赤贫人口。腐化的毒品交易和持久的暴力活动都是当地普遍存在的问题。拉丁美洲国家可能在实行社会及经济改革，但是由于社会局势紧张，人们无法广泛享受发展带来的好处，因此该地区前景暗淡，并会引发新一轮的动荡局面和经济萧条。

【参考译文】

Latin America’s future is uncertain. On the one hand, the region is poised for growth, with mostly democratic governments committed to economic reform, an already largely urbanized population, a substantial industrial base, and vast quantities of natural resources. On the other hand, Latin America remains the most unequal region on earth, with highly concentrated ownership of land, limited access to good education and other social services for many, and as much as 40% of the population in dire poverty in some countries. The corruption of the cocaine trade and persistent violence are endemic problems. Latin American countries may pursue social as well as economic reform, but social tensions and the failure to share the benefits of growth more widely could undermine the region’s prospects and initiate a new cycle of instability and economic stagnation.

专项练习8

任何人都无法肯定地预测北美、欧洲和日本在未来会扮演怎样的角色。由于拥有巨大的经济和社会优势并掌握着资本和技术，他们的潜在领导力和影响力大大提高。但是，保守的社会和政治反动势力可能导致一种不很乐观的发展趋势，那就是这些强大的地区采取更加狭隘、闭关自守的发展战略。另外，无法确定的是，这些较为富裕的国家能否持有相同观点。

【参考译文】

No one can forecast with certainty the precise roles that North America, Europe, and Japan will play in the future. Their potential capacity for leadership and influence is bolstered by the enormous economic and social advantages they enjoy, as well as their command of capital and technology. But reactionary social and political tendencies could lead to a less-optimistic scenario in which these powerful regions forge a narrower, inward-looking strategy. It is not at all certain that the more-affluent nations will share a single outlook.

专项练习9

目前几乎所有在营销的新的教育产品和教育服务都带有技术的特征。这种技术能替代全部教师或减少教师的数量，从而解决一些传统教育中的致命弱点。譬如，替代教师只是降低了大量劳动密集型的教学过程导致的昂贵费用，而学生数量并没有减少。这样就取消了教师终身职位制，而终身制恰恰使那些既没有受过培训又没有水平，不适应变化及新方法的教员始终留在岗位上。这一技术最终犹如最好的教师，永远耐心温和。它适合每个学生的不同学习速度和知识水平，永不疲倦。

【参考译文】

Almost all of the new educational products and services now being marketed bear the stamp of technology. Such technology replaces teachers altogether or reduces their number, thus solving several critical weaknesses in traditional education. For instance, replacing teachers reduces the high cost of an excessively labor-intensive instructional process while still serving the same number of students. Then, too, it eliminates tenure, which unfortunately locks in instructors who do not have the training or knowledge to keep up with changing fields and new approaches. Finally, technology, like the best of teachers, is infinitely patient and reassuring. It accommodates the speed of each student and his or her level of learning. It never wearies.

专项练习10

大多数在因特网上提供教育产品和服务的公司致力于员工和管理业务培训。电脑学校声称全校有3万名学生通过电子邮件进行计算机培训、现场聊天、诊断错误和个别指导。Pensare用一种游戏形式为1.6万名接受管理培训的用户模拟实际公司场景。全球执行委员会力图使最高管理层不太孤寡：其5000名总经理成员能与近350个旗鼓相当的顾问团体进行接触，探讨问题，交换意见，或是交换竞争经历。国际生产力尖端在全美150个左右的培训中心培训约100万名员工，还可通过远程教育实施培训。

【参考译文】

Most of the companies offering educational products and services on the Internet are targeting businesses for employee and management training. Cyber School claims to have 30,000 student employees involved in computer training, live chat sessions, diagnostics and personal tutoring by e-mail. Pensare uses a game format to simulate actual corporate situations for its 16,000 management trainee users. The Executive Committee (TEC) Worldwide is dedicated to making it less lonely at the top: Its 5,000 CEO members can contact nearly 350 peer advisory groups in order to share problems, exchange ideas, or swap war stories. Productivity Point International trains about 1 million employees at some 150 training centers around the United States, but its training is also available through distance education.

俗话说得好：“滴水之恩，当涌泉相报”.知恩图报，是做人的良知；忘恩负义，被人们所不齿。 何谓恩情？恩情即施惠人给受惠人的好处，恩惠情谊。恩情言其大，有“养育之恩”、“救命之恩” ;恩情言其小，有“滴水之恩”、 “帮扶之恩”……大恩大德，人们会没齿不忘，刻骨铭心；小的恩惠，我们同样会念念不忘，记挂在心。 恩情，难以用确切的言辞来表述，只能用心灵去感受，用行动去报答。 恩情，就是当你身处困境时，有人愿意帮你的那份情；恩情，就是当你失意落魄时，有人不离不弃的那份情；恩情，就是当你遇事有难时，有人无私帮助你的那份情。 做人千万不能忘恩，忘了恩，就负了义；忘了恩，就负了人；忘了恩，就没有了良心！ 何谓真情？真情，就是寒冷时的一把火，让人感觉暖意融融；真情，就是严冬里的一轮暖阳，它的光和热都洒在了你的身上；真情，就是黑暗中的一盏灯，照亮了你前行的方向；真情就是一眼清泉，滋润着每个人的心田，让我们精神旺盛，生命茁壮！ 真情，就是一首动听的歌曲，它能将你的烦恼驱赶；真情，就是一个灿烂的微笑，它能让你心花怒放；真情，就是一场及时雨，它能让你干涸的心灵滋润舒畅！ 真情，是无私的奉献；真情，是真诚的情谊；真情，是纯洁的爱心。做人，真情不可少，感恩最重要。一颗感恩的心，人人都需要；有了感恩的心，彼此都温暖；捧出感恩的心，个个皆欢笑。 恩情很贵，真心难得，真情莫伤。伤了真情，就伤了真心，伤了真心，就伤了好人，伤了好人，就落下了悔恨。 恩情最怕忘，真情最怕伤！

母亲的恩情不能忘，生我九死一生，养我含辛茹苦，襁褓中奶我喂我，怀抱中亲我宠我，双手中托我举我，出门时想我盼我，病痛中怜我惜我。 父母的真情不能伤。自古以来，父母千万倍的付出，难以换回子女百分之一的回报。父母一生真情付出，他们用心血和汗水滋养我们成长、成熟和成功，谁如果伤害了父母的真心真情，谁将悔恨终生！ 老师的恩情不可忘，老师的真情不可伤。为人之师，尽心尽力，小小三尺讲台，乃育人之天地；看那满头银发，皆是岁月里积聚。绞尽脑汁，为让学生们多获取些知识；千方百计，为的是让自己问心无愧，良心得到慰藉。 朋友的恩情不可忘，朋友的真情不可伤。真正的朋友，总能想你所想，急你所急；真正的朋友，总是雪中为你送炭，风雨中为你遮风挡雨。当你遇有不顺时，他总是无私的帮助你，热情的鼓励你，真心的支持你，关键时候能够舍己为你！我们怎能忘记好朋友的恩德？我们怎能伤害好朋友的纯真情谊？ 恩情，不分轻与重。养育之恩， 指点之恩， 滴水之恩，所有的恩，都是不容忘记的恩！ 真情，不分淡与浓。父母真情，恩师真情，朋友真情，所有的真情，都是不容伤害的情！ 人生在世鸣警钟，为人行事要记清：恩情无关大与小，真情不在富与穷。忘啥不能忘恩情，伤啥不能伤真情！