中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷17(题后含答案及解析)

中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷17 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Grammar 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Writing

Grammar 1． Obviously these are all factors affecting smooth operation, but the underlying problem is still to be identified.

A．operational B．fundamental C．operating D．underneath

正确答案：B

解析：operational操作的；fundamental基础的，根本的；operating运行的，操作的；underneath下面的。

2． If you can convince the interviewer of your special qualifications, your chance of being accepted will be greatly enhanced.

A．appreciated B．encouraged C．frustrated D．increased

正确答案：D

解析：appreciated感激；encouraged受到鼓励；frustrated沮丧的；increased增强的。

3． Initially his book did not receive much attention, but two weeks after the critic’s review appeared in the newspapers, it climbed to the best sellers’ list.

A．At first B．First of all C．At first sight D．From the first

正确答案：A

解析：At first最初；First of all首先；At first sight首先；from the first从头，自使。

4． Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. A．accounted for B．worked out

C．made prominent D．taken for granted

正确答案：C

解析：accounted for说明，解决；worked out可以解决，计算出，消耗完；made prominent突出的；taken for granted认为理所当然。

5． The committee reported its findings after a thorough investigation. A．things that are found B．decisions

C．results of an enquiry D．files

正确答案：C

解析：things that are found发现；decisions决定；results of an enquiry调查的结果；files文档。

6． The critic’s assessment of the book is that it is beautifully written. A．comprehension B．recommendation C．admiration D．judgment

正确答案：D

解析：comprehension理解；recommendation推荐，劝告，建议；admiration钦佩，赞美；judgment判断。

7． The foreign minister would reveal nothing about his recent tour of the Middle East beyond what had already been announced at the press conference.

A．as for

B．in addition to C．along with D．in relation to

正确答案：B 解析：as for至于；in addition to除……之外；along with连……一起；in relation to涉及，与……相比。

8． Mr. Dane went through his daughter’s essay carefully, to eliminate slang words from it.

A．reduce B．exchanged C．remove D．exhibit

正确答案：C 解析：reduce减少，还原；exchanged交换，交流；remove移动，排除；exhibit展示。

9． A trip to the Antarctic is reasonably safe if you take the necessary precautions.

A．within reason B．rather

C．beyond doubt D．doubly

正确答案：B 解析：within reason有理由，合乎情理；rather相当，有点，宁愿；beyond doubt无疑地；doubly两倍地。

10． With his brows knitted, the doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform.

A．succeeded in B．decided against C．went on with

D．thought deeply about

正确答案：D

解析：succeeded in在……方面成功；decided against不赞成做某事；went on with伴随； thought deeply about深思。

11． I was most favorably struck by the assurance with which the boy answered all my questions.

A．insurance B．confidence C．reluctance D．independence

正确答案：B

解析：insurance保险(业)；confidence信心；reluctance勉强；independence独立。

12． The population in last area was growing rapidly. Needless to say, the housing problem there cried out for immediate solution.

A．tried hard to find B．called loudly

C．needed very much D．asked earnestly for

正确答案：C

解析：tried hard to find努力找到；called loudly大声喊；needed very much非常需要；asked earnestly for热切请求。

13． This exquisite violin was with superb workmanship. A．rather strange B．pretty cheap C．utterly worthless D．very lovely

正确答案：D

解析：rather strange相当奇怪的；pretty cheap非常便宜的；utterly worthless毫无价值的；very lovely精致的，漂亮的。

14． The emperor turned to alchemy to ensure immortally, but contrary to his wishes, the wrong chemistry shortened his life.

A．good fortune

B．quick recovery from his illness C．never-ending life D．everlasting peace

正确答案：C 解析：good fortune好运；quick recovery from his illness迅速康复；never-ending life长生不老； everlasting peace永久的和平。

15． Many workers felt that they were victimized by automation. A．make to work hard B．replaced

C．caused to suffer D．relieved

正确答案：C

解析：make to work hard使得……努力工作；replaced代替，取代；caused to suffer使……受损害，受痛苦；relieved放心的。

16． How to evaluate the performance of students is still a problem that troubles many professors.

A．examine and judge B．assist in C．enhance D．account for

正确答案：A

解析：examine and judge评估，检测；assist in帮助；enhance加强；account for说明，解决。

17． Because alcohol is a solvent, it is a component of many liquid medicines. A．basic ingredient in making medicines

B．combination of things of different qualities C．one of the parts that make up a whole

D．substance that helps to cure certain diseases

正确答案：C

解析：basic ingredient in making medicines制药的基本成分；combination of things of different qualities不同性质物品的化合物；one of the parts that make up a whole组成整体的一部分；substance that helps to care certain diseases用于治疗某一疾病的物质。

18． The incidence of this disease has been greatly reduced thanks to our health care program.

A．seriousness

B．frequency of occurrence C．mortality D．cure rate

正确答案：B

解析：seriousness严肃，认真；frequency of occurrence发生频率；morality死亡率；cure rate治愈率。

19． Since the energy crisis, these big cars have become a real liability. They cost too much to run.

A．lack of reliability B．substitute

C．costly means of transport D．disadvantage

正确答案：D 解析：lack of reliability缺乏可靠性；substitute代替品；costly means of transport昂贵的交通方式；disadvantage缺点，不利条件。

20． Mary is by no means learned; nor is she good at any practical trade. The only asset she possesses is her beauty.

A．something valuable B．temptation

C．something pleasing to the eye D．womanly virtue

正确答案：A 解析：something valuable贵重物品，有价值的东西；temptation诱惑；something pleasing to the eye漂亮的东西；womanly virtue女性美德。

21． Young John showed no consistency when he did excellent work the first part of the year and very poor work after that.

A．state of keeping to the same course of action B．right qualifications to do a job C．ability to cope With one’s work

D．great amount of accumulated experience

正确答案：A 解析：state of keeping to the same course of action连贯性；right qualifications to do a job完成某一工作的适当资格；ability to cope With one’s work完成工作的能力；great amount of accumulated experience大量的累积工作经验。

22． If the batik’s statement agrees with my bank balance, it does not follow indisputably that the balance is correct.

A．indispensably B．unquestionably C．disreputably D．consequently

正确答案：B

解析：indispensably不可缺少地；unquestionably无疑地，无可非议地；disreputably不受好评地；consequently从而，因此。

23． Educational development is bound up with economic progress. A．in accordance with B．consistent with C．independent of D．closely related to

正确答案：D 解析：in accordance with与……一致，依照；consistent with符合；independent of不依赖于……；closely related to与……密切相关。

24． Export of handicraft products is the mainstay of the county’s economy. A．rich resources B．primary concern C．only source D．main support

正确答案：D

解析：rich resources丰富资源；primary concern基本关注；only source惟一来源；main support主要支柱。

25． The man had a rather shady occupation and made a lot of money within a short period of time.

A．profitable B．comfortable C．honorable D．dishonest

正确答案：D

解析：profitable有利可图的；comfortable舒适的；honorable值得尊敬的；dishonest不正当的。

26． They are meticulous in work, Well aware a careless mistake will cost the company millions of pounds.

A．lather casual B．pretty slow C．very careful

D．really considerate

正确答案：C 解析：rather casual相当随意的；pretty slow很慢的；very careful小心翼翼的；really considerate非常周到的。

27． When the pacific War broke out, Edward was drafted by navy and served four full years on a big aircraft carrier.

A．enlisted B．mobilized C．approved D．attracted

正确答案：A

解析：enlisted被征兵；mobilized被动员；approved经许可的；attracted受吸引的。

28． Be was interested only in the story and skipped all those passages of landscape description.

A．thought badly of B．went over C．went through D．passed over

正确答案：D

解析：thought badly of努力想；went over复习，转变；went through经过，仔细检查；passed over忽略，省略。

29． Her panic was transient, and ceased when she began to speak. A．beyond description B．unnoticed

C．passing quickly D．vague

正确答案：C 解析：beyond description无法描述的；unnoticed不引人注意的；passing quickly短暂的；vague模糊的。

30． Heavy rains were causing inundation and much damage throughout the country.

A．much inconvenience B．serious concern C．overflow of water D．human misery

正确答案：C

解析：much inconvenience很不方便；serious concern众所瞩目；overflow of water洪水；human misery灾害，痛苦。

Reading Comprehension

Of what historic and contemporary concern is it that the architecture profession has been, and continues to be, strongly male dominated in Australia. Ideally, what proportion of the profession should women occupy and why? From the start of human history, we always experience certain level of inequality between sexes. It can be seen everywhere around the world and is a concern to everyone, both men and women. This inequality is an important issue, within the workforce of many professions, such as being an architect, landscape architect, city planners and designers within the built environment. Industrial revolution is the onset for women to become segregated from home, creating greater spatial division to impact on gender roles. There is common concept between the relationship of public and private space with male and female. This model represents the suburbanization occurring in the late 19th century and the early 20th century. Many suburban women are forced within their daily activities due to the constraints on accessibility and mobility in low-density suburbs which lead to a feeling of being isolated from the inner City. These constraints of this gender role affect the women’s ability in the broader professions within the built environment, as they were restricted at home. Architects do not like to employ women in the offices; contractors do not like women to build contracts from their plans; people with money to spend do not like to entrust

expenditure to a woman. This is probably due to the fact that women are kept at home without “knowing much” of the “outside world”; the design professions have intrigued women into marginal roles. Architects and other similar professional fields have perceived women not as profession but as passive clients. From these, women are users of the designed built environment as there are only few to have the opportunity to design them. That forces women to adapt to the way environments have been designed by men. There is a concern where many women architects, landscape architects, planners, builders and designers are not formally identified with professions. Many of their works have been credited to their male colleagues. Another concern is that there is a lack of sensitivity towards women’s needs within the built environment. Design strategies and schemes often fail to consider women as a disadvantage group with exclusive needs, many of these needs are inadequately met or even un-met. This was evident in several Local Environmental Plans and Development Control Plans of tile Sydney Metropolitan area that had not identified women as a disadvantage group to be included amongst the handicapped anti elderly in design issue. Having considered women’s issues within the built environment, in concluding one must ask: “Are the fundamentals of professions of the built environment gender biased?” Whilst the outcomes of these are gender biased, the fundamentals of planning require subsequent analysis in order to resolve the question. “Not only do men and women view a common world from different perspectives, they view different worlds as well.” The issues raised are not subject to strictly to women, but men also experience them though with less intensity. In addressing these issues a gender sensitive environment will be beneficial to all.

31． According to paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true? A．Industrial revolution made men and women unequal. B．Industrial revolution made men and women equal.

C．Industrial revolution made men and women more unequal. D．Industrial revolution made men and women more equal.

正确答案：C

解析：由第一段最后一句话Industrial revolution is the onset for women to become segregated from home，creating greater spatial division to impact on gender roles推知。

32． In the writer’s view, because of suburbanization,______. A．many women are forced to move to the suburban areas

B．many women are forced to move away from the suburban areas C．many women hate to go to the inner city

D．many women in the suburban areas are forced to stay where they are

正确答案：D

解析：前三个选项文中完全没有提到。

33． The reason why women designers are few is that ______. A．women are kept at home

B．women prefer to work as assistants of men designers C．women have been kept out of this profession for long D．very few women want to be designers

正确答案：C

解析：由第二段中对sub-urbanization的例子中可以得到答案。

34． The writer asserts that in design strategies and schemes ______. A．women’s special needs have been neglected

B．women’s special needs are just like those of the handicapped C．women designers form a disadvantaged group D．women’s special needs should not be overlooked

正确答案：D

解析：从最后一段中的Design strategies and schemes often fail to consider women as a disadvantage group with exclusive needs中，可得出结论。

35． The writer’s message is that the built environment should be ______. A．beneficial to all

B．more beneficial to women C．more beneficial to men D．gender biased

正确答案：A

解析：整篇文章的基调就是男女平等问题。

Forty years ago no one was concerned about the health of the ocean, in spite of the fact that many fisheries were being over harvested, toxic wastes were being dumped in the sea, and developers were beginning to seriously disrupt coastlines. In those days, the magnitude of the problems was small, even though it was obvious that if the trends continued people would face severe economic and personal hardship in the future. People just didn’t understand, nor did they care. Unfortunately many of our concerns were realized, but the situation could have been much worse had we, and others, not taken action to inform people about the ocean and the need to protect it. During our campaign to share the wonders of the sea and alert the public about the need to protect it, we have used every medium available——personal appearances, the printed word, and television. Now there is a new medium that is even more effective than its predecessors. Thanks to the Internet and computers, people can not only receive linear stories, but they can actually participate in them, exploring and learning at their own pace and as their curiosity dictates. I am tremendously impressed with the personalization of what had been labeled by skeptics as the most impersonal

medium yet developed. For these reasons I have made a major commitment of time and resources to dive into this sea of electronic marvels, I’m swimming hard to keep up, but when I look around I find I’m not alone. We are all learning together and it is an adventure I am finding immensely rewarding. I have been encouraged by our first modest dunking in this new world: We recently completed a CD-ROM, Jean Michel Cousteau’s World: Cities Under the Sea—Coral Reefs. A couple of months ago I was in Fiji to celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef and presented Our Cities Under the Sea CD-ROM to a group of children. I was impressed to see how quickly they grasped our concepts and how they directed their own learning process, thanks to the flexibility of the medium. It was particularly exciting to see kids squeal with delight as they responded to questions and the computer rewarded them when they got the correct answers. I want young people to experience the mystery and wonder of our oceans. I want them to understand how precious and vulnerable our environment is. Young people need to be taught to take responsibility for ensuring that their heritage will be protected and used wisely. Hopefully the next generation will do a better job than mine has. I believe individuals must be personally involved and I am counting on the Internet to be the medium through which people can experience, learn, and take action. I am counting on young people with their idealism and energy to create a better future—it is too important to be left to bureaucrats and politicians.

36． Forty years ago people were indifferent to the health of the ocean because ______.

A．the ocean was immune to any pollution then

B．they didn’t know what would come of if the ocean was deadly disrupted C．there was no computer then

D．there wasn’t any problem with ocean at that time

正确答案：B

解析：从文章第一段最后一句话可得出答案。

37． The last sentence of the 2nd paragraph tells us that the writer believes that ______.

A．the computer is as smart as human beings B．the computer is friends with human beings

C．human beings can interact with the computer and do what they want at their will

D．human beings have not used the computer to its fullest advantage

正确答案：C

解析：其他答案与第二段提到的事实不相符。

38． The writer went to Fuji to ______.

A．participate in a celebration

B．teach children there how to use the computer C．make an adventure in the sea D．spend the holiday on the seashore

正确答案：A

解析：文中有I was in Fiji to celebrate，其他与事实不相符。

39． The writer’s attitude to the prospect of the ocean is ______. A．desperate B．unconcerned C．optimistic D．pragmatic

正确答案：C

解析：从最后一段作者的语气中可以得到答案。

40． According to the passage, who shall we fall back on for a better future for the environment?

A．Our predecessors B．Politicians C．Computers D．Young people

正确答案：D

解析：最后一段一直强调的就是年轻的接班人。

Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970’s, however, this period of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970’s and 1980’s, an increasingly clear trend toward greater income inequality emerged. By the end of file 1980’s, tile top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ever recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has continued into the 1990’s and currently shows no signs of decline. When the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970’s, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. The new occupational structure appears to be one with an increase of well-paid technical, scientific and professional jobs at the top, a sliding middle class, and a growing poorly-paid service and retail jobs at the bottom. Several important labor-force changes appeared to be contributing to the shifting occupational structure. As occupational reconstructing and growing income inequality have become increasingly evident, a heated debate as to the causes and magnitude of these changes arose. Two dominant bodies of thought emerged around the issue: the job-skill mismatch thesis

and the polarization thesis. Mismatch theorists argue that there is an increasing distance between the high skill requirements of post-industrial jobs and the inadequate training and mediocre qualifications of workers. They see the post-industrial economy leaving behind unskilled workers, especially women and minorities. For the mismatch theorist, the trend toward greater inequality is temporary arid will dissipate once the supply of workers acquires the skills demanded by a post-industrial economy. And they predict that the workers will experience an upgrading in their wages over the long nm. Polarization theorists, on the other hand, believe that the rise in inequality is permanent, a result of the shift to a service-based economy. This vision of the post-industrial economy is characteristically polarized. The problem according to these theorists, is the type of jobs being generated in the new economy, not worker attributes. Because they believe the causes are structural and permanent, polarization theorists would deny the efficacy of public policies designed to educate and train unskilled workers. They predict a long-term continuation of the trend towards increasing income inequality. Studies show that the long-run increase in income inequality is also related to changes in the Nation’s labor market and its household composition. The wage distribution has become considerably more unequal with more highly skilled, trained and educated workers at the top experiencing real wage gains and those at the bottom real wage losses. One factor is the shift in employment from those goods-producing industries that have disproportionately provided high-wage opportunities for low-skilled workers, towards services that disproportionately employ college graduates, and towards low-wage sectors such as retail trade. But within industry, shifts in labor demand away from less-educated workers are perhaps a more important explanation of eroding wages than the shift out of manufacturing. Also cited as putting downward pressure on the wages of less-educated workers are intensifying global competition and immigration, the decline of the proportion of workers belonging to unions, the decline in the real value of the minimum wage, the increasing need for computer skills, and the increasing use of temporary workers.

41． From the Paragraph 1, we can see that beginning in the 1970s ______. A．income became more unequal B．income became more equal C．income became more unstable D．income became more stable

正确答案：A 解析：从Beginning in the 1970’s，however，this period of stability ended，as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent可以得出结论。

42． According to the statistics of the 1980s, which of the following is NOT true?

A．The top 20 percent of the workers earned more than the well-paid technicians. B．Over half of the workers were poorly paid.

C．There were more service jobs. D．Income still remained unequal.

正确答案：A

解析：从文中可以看出，well-paid technicians就是高收入人群。

43． According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is NOT true? A．Both mismatch theorists and polarization theorists think that greater inequality will remain.

B．Mismatch theorists and polarization theorists have opposite views regarding the post-industrial economy.

C．Polarization theorists do not think it useful to train the workers.

D．Both groups of theorists try to explain the causes of income inequality.

正确答案：A 解析：从第二段中For the mismatch theorist，the trend toward greater inequality is temporary arid will dissipate可以得出结论。

44． Which of the following statements is true? A．The long-run increase in income inequality is caused by the wage distribution. B．Fewer goods-producing industrial workers will be employed. C．Not enough college students are employed by different services. D．Less educated workers have become more important.

正确答案：B

解析：因为劳工雇用已经从goods-producing industries转变到其他领域。

45． According to the writer, intensifying global competition and immigration will ______.

A．reduce the proportion of union workers B．reduce the real value of the minimum wage C．increase the use of temporary workers

D．make the wages of less-educated workers go down

正确答案：D

解析：从and the increasing use of temporary workers中可以得出答案。

Changes in the volume of unemployment are governed by three fundamental forces: the growth of the labor force, the increase in output per man hour, and the growth of total demand for goods and services. Changes in the average hours of work enter in exactly parallel fashion but have been quantitatively less significant. As productivity rises, less labor is required per dollar of national product, or more goods and services can be produced with the same number of man—goods. If output does not grow, employment will certainly fall; if production increases more rapidly than

productivity (less any decline in average hours worked, employment must rise. But the labor force grows, too. Unless gross national product (total final expenditure for goods and services corrected for price changes) rises more rapidly than the sum of productivity increase and labor force growth (again modified for any change in hours of work), the increase in employment will be inadequate to absorb the growth in the labor force. Inevitably the unemployment rate will increase. Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment fall. Increases in productivity were more important than growth of the labor force as sources of the wide gains in output experienced in the period from the end of the war to the mid-sixties. These increases in potential production simply were not matched by increases in demand adequate to maintain steady full employment. Except for the recession years of 1949, 1954, and 1958, the rate of economic growth exceeded the rate of productivity increase. However, in the late 1950s productivity and labor force were increasing more rapidly than usual, while the growth of output was slower than usual. This accounted for the change in employment rates. But if part of the national purpose is to reduce and contain unemployment, arithmetic is not enough. We must know which of the basic factors we can control and which we wish to control. Unemployment would have risen more slowly or fallen more rapidly if productivity had increased more slowly, or the labor force had increased more slowly, or the hours of work had fallen more steeply, or total output had grown more rapidly. These are not independent factors, however, and a change in any of them might have caused change in the others. A society can choose to reduce the growth of productivity, and it can probably find ways to frustrate its own creativity. However, while a reduction in the growth of productivity at the expense of potential output might result in higher employment in the short run, the long-run effect on the national interest would be disastrous. We must also give consideration to the fact that hidden beneath national averages is continuous movement into, out of, between, and within labor markets. For example, 15 years ago, the average number of persons in the labor force was 74 million, with about 70 million employed and 3.9 million unemployed. Yet 14 million experienced some term of unemployment in that year. Some were new entrants to the labor force; others were laid off temporarily, the remainders were those who were permanently or indefinitely severed from their jobs. Thus, the average number unemployed during a year understates the actual volume of involuntary-displacement that occurs. High unemployment is not an inevitable result of the pace of technological change but the consequence of passive public policy. We can anticipate a moderate increase in the labor force accompanied by a slow and irregular decline in hours or work. It follows that the output of the economy—and the aggregate demand to buy it—must grow by more than 4 percent a year just to prevent the unemployment rate from rising, and by even more if the unemployment rate is to fail further. Yet our economy has seldom, if ever, grown at a rate greater than 3.5 percent for any extended length of time. We have no cause for complacency. Positive fiscal, monetary, and man power policies will needed in the future.

46． According to the passage, the rate of employment can be expected to rise when ______.

A．productivity rises at the same rate as growth of the labor force B．productivity and labor force increase at a greater rate than output C．output exceeds productivity

D．rate of economic growth is less than the number of man hours required

正确答案：C

解析：从第二段可以得出结论，其他答案与事实不相符。

47． In the specific recession years noted in the passage, it can be inferred that ______.

A．the rate of unemployment grew B．the rate of employment rose

C．labor force growth exceeded final expenditure for goods D．full employment was attained

正确答案：A 解析：从第二段各种制约关系和Except for the recession years of 1949，1954，and 1958．the rate of economic growth exceeded the rate of productivity increase这句话中，可以得出结论。

48． The author’s purpose in this passage is to ______.

A．define the economic terms used in discussion of employment

B．criticize the decisions of past administrations during recession years

C．call for the application of positive economic control policies in the year that lie ahead

D．allay current fears about increasing unemployment

正确答案：C

解析：由全文可知，其余三项不符合文章意思，文章最后表明意思。

49． Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

A．As productivity rises, a greater amount of labor per dollar of national product can be expected.

B．Unemployment falls when production expands faster than labor force.

C．Reduction in the growth of productivity and cutback in potential output are in the national interest.

D．The long-term rate of growth in our economy, if continued into the future, will eventually decrease our unemployment rate, all other factors remaining constant.

正确答案：B

解析：其余三项均不符合事实。

50． It can be inferred from the passage that the author would ______. A．advocate a carefully managed economy B．prefer the employment rate to rise arid fall with the value of the gross national product as a check on labor costs

C．perceive high unemployment as undesirable, but unavoidable

D．contend that manipulation of the size of the labor force would prevent recessions in the years noted

正确答案：A

解析：其余三项不符合事实。

Geniuses took at problems in many different ways. Genius often comes from finding a new perspective that no one else has taken, Leonardo da Vinci believed that, to gain knowledge about the form of a problem, you begin by learning how to restructure it in many different ways. He felt that the first way he looked at a problem was too biased toward his usual way of seeing things. He would restructure his problem by looking at it from one perspective and move to another perspective and still another. With each move, his understanding would deepen and he would begin to understand the essence of the problem. Geniuses make their thought Visible. The explosion of creativity in the Renaissance was intimately tied to the recording and conveying of vast knowledge in drawings, graphs, and diagrams, as in the renowned diagrams of da Vinci and Galileo. Galileo revolutionized science by making his thought graphically visible while his contemporaries used only conventional mathematical and verbal approaches. Geniuses produce. A distinguishing characteristic of genius is immense productivity. Thomas Edison held 1,093 patents, still the record. He guaranteed productivity by giving himself and his assistants idea quotas. His own personal quota was one minor invention every 10 days and a major invention every six months. Bach wrote a cantata every we&, even when he was sick or exhausted. Mozart produced more than 600 pieces of music. Einstein is best known for his paper on relativity, but he published 248 other papers. T.S. Eliot’s numerous drafts of The Waste Land constitute a jumble of good and bad passages that eventually was turned into a masterpiece. Geniuses make novel combinations. Like the highly playful child with a bucket of building blocks, a genius is constantly combining and recombining ideas, images, and thoughts into different combinations in their conscious and subconscious minds. Consider Einstein’s equation, E=mc2. Einstein did not invent the concepts of energy, mass, or speed of light. Rather, by combining these concepts in a novel way, he was able to look at the same world as everyone else and see something different.

51． In order to understand a problem thoroughly, da Vinci ______. A．referred to numerous books

B．made use of drawings and graphs

C．compared it with many other problems D．approached it from different angles

正确答案：D

解析：由第一段得出结论。

52． During the Renaissance, graphs and diagrams ______. A．were often used to aid scientific researches

B．served as sources of fresh ideas for some scientists

C．could provide scientists with an immense quantity of knowledge D．were necessary for the expression of creative ideas

正确答案：D 解析：由第二段得出结论，因为文艺复兴时期的天才应用图表表达他们的创新思维。

53． What is the main idea of the third paragraph?

A．Geniuses make creations or discoveries in large quantities. B．Geniuses can make many achievements without much effort. C．Geniuses inevitably experience failures before making a success. D．Geniuses may just produce something common and ordinary.

正确答案：A

解析：由第三段首句可得出结论。

54． In the last paragraph, the author mentions the playful child in order to show ______.

A．that geniuses are fond of playing games, too

B．that geniuses are as creative as most children with a set of interesting toys C．how geniuses turn ideas into reality in different ways D．why making different combinations can work wonders

正确答案：C

解析：其余三项不符合文意。

55． According to the passage, which of the following statements is true? A．Einstein invented the concept of speed of light. B．The Waste Land is a great work of literature. C．Edison made one major invention every 10 days.

D．Mozart composed something every day even when he was sick.

正确答案：B

解析：由T.S.Eliot’s numerous drafts of The Waste Land constitute a jumble of good and bad passages that eventually was turned into a masterpiece一句可知。

Cloze

The wonders which medical workers have already brought about in the diagnosis and treatment of disease suggest that a time may come 【C1】______ the physician will be able to analyze most illnesses as 【C2】______ as they start, and cure 【C3】______ before damage results. How soon this “golden age of healing” arrives will 【C4】______ greatly on how close is the collaboration between research workers in medicine and 【C5】______ who work in the sciences on which medicine depends. The physician has 【C6】______ relied on the chemist for curative drags, and on the physicist for diagnostic instruments and healing rays. In the one field new materials and in the 【C7】______ new devices are 【C8】______ produced in increasing numbers, helping to 【C9】______ imminent new miracles of medicine. The X-ray and the microscope 【C10】______ extended the vision of the medical observer 【C11】______ he can see 【C12】______ ten inches of living flesh or 【C13】______ a single tissue cell, yet similar but much more powerful tools 【C14】______ await development. Modem electrical devices 【C15】______ him to listen to faint murmurings of the life processes, or to measure feeble currents arising 【C16】______ heart and brain and nerve; yet electrical body measurements are 【C17】______ little understood. Now newly discovered atomic rays are being brought to 【C18】______ him destroy malignant invaders of the human system, and there is 【C19】______ reason to believe that even 【C20】______ curative rays await discovery.

56． 【C1】______

正确答案：when 解析：定语从句

57． 【C2】______

正确答案：soon 解析：医生能够尽可能快地诊断出大多数疾病，并且在危害造成前治愈它们。

58． 【C3】______

正确答案：them 解析：同上。

59． 【C4】______

正确答案：depend

解析：depend on取决于……。

60． 【C5】______

正确答案：those

解析：those who关系代词做先行词。

61． 【C6】______

正确答案：long

解析：长久以来，医生都依赖药剂师研制药品。

62． 【C7】______

正确答案：other

解析：由in the one...and in the other而来。

63． 【C8】______

正确答案：being 解析：新的药物材料和新的设备都正在大量生产，以迎接发现新的医药奇迹出现。

64． 【C9】______

正确答案：make 解析：同上。

65． 【C10】______

正确答案：have

解析：主语是医疗设备，这些医疗设备拓展了医学观察员的视野，不用被动语态，have extended表示已经发生的状态。

66． 【C11】______

正确答案：until

解析：直到……为止。

67． 【C12】______

正确答案：through

解析：see through看穿。

68． 【C13】______

正确答案：into

解析：see into检查。

69． 【C14】______

正确答案：still 解析：仍然。

70． 【C15】______

正确答案：enable

解析：现代电子设备使他能够……。

71． 【C16】______

正确答案：from

解析：arise from介词的搭配。

72． 【C17】______

正确答案：but

解析：but little只一点点。

73． 【C18】______

正确答案：help

解析：目前，新开发出来的原子射线可以帮助他消除人体系统的入侵者，这正是让人们相信还有更多医疗射线有待发现的原因。

74． 【C19】______

正确答案：every 解析：同上。

75． 【C20】______

正确答案：more

解析：even more更多。

English-Chinese Translation

The price we pay for this salutary change is, no doubt, great. We assemble thousands of operative in the factory, and in the, nine, of whom the employer can

know little or nothing, and to whom he is little better than a myth. All intercourse between them is at an end. Rigid castes are formed, and, as usual, mutual ignorance breeds mutual distrust. Each case is without sympathy with the other, and ready to credit anything disparaging in regard to it. 【B1】 Under the law of competition, the employer of thousands is forced into the strictest economies, among which the rates paid to labor figure prominently, and often there is friction between the employer and the employed, between capital and labor, between rich and poor. Human society loses homogeneity. 【B2】 The price Which society pays for the law of competition, like the price it pays for cheap comforts and luxuries, is also great, but the advantages of this law are greater still than its cost, for it is to this law that we owe our wonderful material development, which brings improved conditions in its train. But, whether the law be benign or not, we must say of it, as we say of the change in the conditions of men to which we have referred It is here; we cannot evade it; of the effect of any new substitutes for it proposed we can not be sure; 【B3】 and while the law may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department.【B4】 We accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment; the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few; and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial to the future progress of the race. Having accepted these, it follows that there must be great scope for the expertise of special ability in the merchant and in the manufacturer who has to conduct affairs upon great scale. 【B5】 That this talent for organization and management is rare among men is proved by the fact that it invariably secures enormous regards for its possessors, no matter where or under what laws or condition.

76． 【B1】

正确答案：在竞争法则下，成千上万的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的措施。在这些节约措施中，付给工人的工资首当其冲。这样，雇主和雇员之间，劳资双方之间以及富人和穷人之间就常有摩擦。

77． 【B2】

正确答案：社会支付给竞争法的代价，就像它支付给廉价的舒适品和奢侈品一样，代价昂贵；但是竞争法的好处高于它的代价，因为正是这种竞争法，我们才能拥有如此的物质发展，引来生活水平的改善。

78． 【B3】

正确答案：虽然优势这一法则对个人来说可能是艰难的，但是它适应于人类，因为它保证了人类在各个领域都能适者生存。

79． 【B4】

正确答案：因此，我们接受并欢迎环境的不平等，商业、工业在少数人手里

的集中，以及法则在这些人之中引起的竞争，我们把这看作是必须适应的条件，因为这对人类的未来发展有利。

80． 【B5】

正确答案：无论是在什么地方，身处什么法则或条件下，具有组织管理才能的人都不可避免地得到巨大的尊荣，这一事实证明了这种能力只有少数人拥有。

Writing

81． Directions: Write a composition of no fewer than 200 words on ONE of the three topics below within haft an hour. Please write the composition on the Answer Sheet. 1. Some people say that in the highly developed industrial and material society, people are degenerating (退化) and are being dehumanized (使失去人性), and people can not live in harmony with nature. Do you agree with them? Why or why not? Living in Harmony with Nature in a Post-industrial society? 2. A number of scholars have recently asserted that there exist large-scale human-induced environmental pressures, which lead to acute (尖锐的) social conflict. What are the effects of intervening (干预的，介入的 ) factors on the relation of human activity, environmental change, and acute social conflict according to your understand? Causes of Conflicts Resulted from Environmental Change 3. With the coming of globalization, cross-cultural communication will be increasingly important In your opinion, what will be the future trends of the Chinese culture? The Future Trends of Chinese Culture

正确答案： The Future Trends of Chinese Culture In nowadays information age, no country and individual can resist the influence of globalization, and culture, as the mirror that reflects the history and development of a country, is also sure to be deeply affected by the trend of globalization. China is a country with long history, and its culture is especially involved in the trend of globalization. Along

with the cross-cultural communication, Chinese culture is experiencing some changes. Some people think that Chinese culture, as the essence of world’s culture heritage, shouldn’t be much influenced. But to my view, it should be, somewhat, changed. While existing in a rapidly developing age, nothing can stay unchanged. The future trend of Chinese culture is towards the international direction. Our culture should not only enrich our own life, but other countries’ as well. It is the asset of the whole world. On the basis of keeping Chinese traditional culture style, it will also accept the exotic civilization, serving both Chinese people and people all around. The advanced elements of information age are to be absorbed as well. Modern Chinese culture involves various aspects of modern social life, and is the embodiment of the current society. The future Chinese culture will be an open culture, welcoming human excellent heritages across the world. It will become the communication envoy of China to the outside, presenting our past excellent civilization heritage and advanced development results to the rest of the world. All in all, Chinese culture will

embrace new elements in the modern society while keeping its traditional essence, working well as the envoy passing understanding and friendship among countries.