武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷29(题后含答案及解析)

武汉大学考博英语模拟试卷29 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. English-Chinese Translation 3. Chinese-English Translation 4. Writing

Reading Comprehension

“I promise.”“! swear to you it’ll never happen again.”“l give you my word”“Honestly-Believe me.” sure, I trust. Why not? I teach English composition at a private college. With a certain excitement and intensity, I read my students’ essays,hoping to find the person behind the pen. As each semester progresses, plagiarism appears. Not only is my intelligence insulted as one assumes I won’t detect a polished piece of prose from an otherwise-average writer,but I feel a sadness that a student has resorted to buying a paper from a peer. Writers have styles like fingerprints and after several assignments,! can match a student’s work with his or her name even if it’s missing from the upper left-hand corner. Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average(GPA)? When we’re threatened or sick,we make conditional promises. “If you let me pass math I will... .”“Lord,if you get me over this before the big homecoming game I’II...”Once the situation is behind us so are the promises. Human nature? Perhaps, but we do use that click to get us out of uncomfortable bargains. Divine interference during distress is asked; gratitude is unpaid. After all. few fulfill the contract so why should anyone be the exception. Why not? Six years ago, I took a student before the dean. He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis up until that time,both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing. I questioned the person regarding his essay and he swore it I’d understand this copy would not have the time and attention an out-of-class paper is given, but he had already a finished piece so he understood what was asked. He sat one hour,then turned in part of a page of unskilled writing and faulty logic. I confronted him with both essays. “I promise...!’II not lying. I swear to you that I wrote the essay. I’m just nervous today.” The head of the English department agreed with my finding,and the meeting with the dean had the boy’s parents present After an hour of discussion touching on eight of the boy’s previous essays and his grade-point average,which indicted he was already on academic probation(留校查看),the dean agreed that the student had plagiarized. His parents protested. “He’s only a child”and we instructors are wiser and should be compassionate. College people are not really children and most times would resent being labeled as such...Except in this uncomfortable circumstance.

1． According to the author,students commit plagiarism mainly for_____. A．money B．degree

C．higher GPA

D．reputation

正确答案：C

解析：题目中的关键词“plagiarism”在文章第一段，但是第一段并没有找到解释孩子们剽窃的主要原因，紧接第二段的第一句“Why is learning less important than a higher grade-point average(GPA)，”这是一个承上启下的句子，可见，孩子们实施剽窃的主要原因是更高的GPA，所以应该选C。

2． The sentence”Once the situation is behind us,so are the promises”implies that____.

A．students usually keep their promises

B．some students tend to break their promises C．the promises are always behind the situation

D．we cannot judge the situation in advance,as we do to the promises

正确答案：B

解析：题目的问题在文章第二段，“when we’re threatened or sick，we make conditional promises．‘if youlet me pass math I will…’…”Once the situation is behind us，so are the promise．当我们受到威胁或生病的时候，我们就会做出有条件的承诺，如果你让我通过数学考试我将……，等等，一旦有这样的情况，我们就做出如此的承诺。也就暗示了人们总是在出现情况之后才做出承诺，没有问题时，誓言也就不复存在了。可见人们总是食言。B项的答案最为符合，所以应该选B。

3． The”borderline passing”(Line 3 Para3)probably means____. A．fairly good B．extremely poor C．above average D．below average

正确答案：D

解析：文章第四段“He had turned in an essay with the vocabulary and sentence structure of PhD thesis．up until that time，both his out-of-class and in-class work were borderline passing．”直到那个时间以前，他上交了一篇具有博士学位词汇和句子的散文，由时间前后的对比，可以推断以前他的功课可能不好，即“borderline passing”是个贬义词。排除A、C，但又因为“passing”是通过，及格的意思，所以这里应该表示刚好通过分数，B项语气太强烈，所以应该选D。

4． The boy’s parents thought their son should be excused mainly because____. A．teachers should be born passionate B．he was only a child C．instructors were wiser D．he was threatened

正确答案：B

解析：本题在文章的最后一段，“His parents protested．‘He’s only a child’and we instructors are wis-er and should be compassionate”由于A和C项在文中是并列的，不能同时成为题目的答案．所以排除它们，D项文章中没有提到，所以男孩的父母认为他们的孩子应该被原谅的主要原因是：他还仅仅是个孩子。应该选B。

5． Which of the following might serve as the title of this passage? A．Human Nuture

B．Conditional Promises C．How to Detect Cheating D．The Sadness of Plagiarism

正确答案：D

解析：主旨题，看几个选项知A、B、C项都只是文章中的细节不能表达文章的中心思想，并且文章中”plagiarism”贯穿全文。所以文章的题目是剽窃的悲哀，应该选D。

Each year,millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-governmental organization has dej veloped technology to harvest rainwater. People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe,dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water,rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all.it is free. The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush” device made of wire screen.This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank. A fitted cover sits over the “first-flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover also prevents mosquito insects from laying eggs in the water. Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total,the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to be replaced every two to three years. However,if the bags are not damaged by sunlight,they could last even longer. International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-month dry season.

6． People in Bangladesh can use____as a safe source of drinking water. A．ground water B．rainwater

C．drinking water D．fresh water

正确答案：B

解析：从文中第二段第二句可知，雨水是饮用水一个安全可靠的来源，因此B项为正确答案。

7． Which of the following contributes to the low-cost of using rainwater? A．Rainwater is free of chemical treatments.

B．People have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. C．The water harvesting system is built on a platform. D．Rainwater can be collected using pipes.

正确答案：A

解析：从文中第二段第三句可知，和地下水不同，雨水不含矿物质或盐类，因此无需化学处理，因此正确答案为A。

8． Which of the following actually prevents dirt and leaves from falling inside the tank?

A．a barrier B．a wire screen C．a first-flush D．a storage tank

正确答案：B

解析：从文中第三段的最后两句可知，水箱上面有一个所谓的”first-flush”的装置，是用铁丝网做的。这一屏障能防止雨水中灰尘和树叶掉落到水箱中，而题干中出现actually”到底”一词，因此B项为正确答案。

9． The bags used to hold water are likely to be damaged by____. A．mosquito insects B．a fitted cover

C．a first-flush device D．sunlight

正确答案：D

解析：从文中第五段的最后一句可知，如果袋子没有受到阳光破坏的话。使用寿命可以更长，因此D项为正确答案。

10． What should be done to prevent insects from eating into the water harvesting system at the bottom?

A．The two bags holding the water should be put inside the metal tank. B．The inner bags need to be replaced every two years.

C．The water harvesting system should be built on a platform. D．A cover should be used to prevent insects from eating it.

正确答案：C

解析：本题可参照文中的最后一段。从中可知，国际发展企业说，储水系统应该建立在一个凸起的建筑上。以防止昆虫侵害它的底部。因此C项为正确答案。

Where one stage of child development has been left out,or not sufficiently experienced,the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible,for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle,in fact,underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development,and is the basis of work in child clinics. The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food,to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one,he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its de-mands,Learning to wait for things,particularly for food,is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them. Every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words,the first independent steps,or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate,but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early,a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand,though,if a child is left alone too much,or without any learning opportunities,he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself. Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys,jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good examples. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters,others are severe over times of coming home at night,punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general,the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness and well-being.

11． The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children_____.

A．is to send them to clinics

B．offers recapture of earlier experiences

C．is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains

D．is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced

正确答案：B 解析：从文中第一段的第一句和最后一句可知。解决少儿发展过程中出现的问题的原则是让孩子重新感受、体验他们在早期发展中应该但却未能充分体验的东西，因此B项为正确答案。

12． The child in the nursery_____. A．quickly learns to wait for food

B．doesn’t initially sleep and wake at regular intervals C．always accepts the rhythm of the world around them D．always feels the world around him is warm and friendly

正确答案：B

解析：从文中第二段可知，在托儿所里婴儿们开始学习遵守纪律。哪怕是最小的孩子也得一步步教他学会等待食物，学会有规律地作息等等，因此B项为正确答案。

13． The encouragement of children to achieve new skills_____. A．can never be taken too far

B．should be left to school teachers C．will always assist their development

D．should be balanced between two extremes

正确答案：D

解析：本题的四个选项中，只有D项正确，这可从文中第三段推出。从中可知，在孩子学习新技能时，家长若急于求成往往会适得其反，导致揠苗助长；但如果反过来，家长对孩子不管不问也会让孩子失去学习的热情。on the other hand暗示了两个极端。

14． Jigsaw puzzles are____. A．toe difficult for children B．a kind of building-block toy C．not very entertaining for adults

D．suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation

正确答案：D 解析：从文中第四段的最后两句可知，家长和孩子可以通过一起玩玩具玩游戏如搭积木、拼图和猜字游戏来促进彼此之间的沟通与合作，因此D项正确。

15． Parental controls and discipline_____. A．serve a dual purpose

B．should be avoided as much as possible C．reflect the values of the community

D．are designed to promote the child’s happiness

正确答案：A

解析：从文中最后一段的最后一句可知，总的来说，家长对孩子的监督既体现了家长的要求及社会的价值观又要反映孩子的快乐和幸福，所以是实现双重目标。因此A项为正确答案。

In July, almost unnoticed by the national press, a deadly bird virus arrived on a pheasant farm in Surrey. Experts from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs(Defra)identified Newcastle disease, a virus usually mortal to turkeys and geese but not humans, in a flock of 9, 000 pheasant chicks imported from France ahead of the shooting season. Within hours of the diagnosis, veterinary experts had swung into action, throwing up a 3km exclusion zone around the farm near Cobham and culling 10,000 birds. The carcasses were burned and premises cleaned to stop the virus escaping. It was four weeks before Defra’s Veterinary Exotic Diseases Division felt it was safe for poultry move virus, has reached Turkey, similar emergency plans are being readied by officials from Defra and other agencies. The scenario they are preparing for is that the H5N1 virus, which so far has led to the culling of billions of chickens in south-east Asia and 60 human deaths, will soon arrive on these shores. What happens next depends on where the outbreak occurs, whether it can be contained and—most important of all—whether it mutates to become infectious between people. So far, only poultry workers or those directly exposed to chicken faeces or blood are thought to be at risk, though direct human-to-human transmission cannot be ruled out. “Every time a new person gets infected with the virus there is a small chance that person will trigger a pandemic,” said Neil Ferguson, a scientist at Imperial College, who has been running simulations on what might happen were H5N1 to reach Britain. “It’s a very small chance, probably 1 in 1,000, 1 in 10,000 or less.” Should diseased birds reach Britain, the first step for veterinary officials would be to contain the outbreak as they did with Newcastle disease. An amber alert would be sounded and samples sent to the Veterinary Laboratory Agency(VLA)in Weybridge, Surrey. If Ian Brown, the head of avian virology there, confirms the cause of death as H5N1, the alert level will be raised to red and a whole series of emergency procedures, from quarantine, restriction of poultry movements to culling, will swing into action. Other agencies, such as the Department of Health, the Health Protection Agency and the Ministry of Defence, would be brought into the loop. In the event that the outbreak cannot be contained, Defra may have to consider mass culling programmes and the possibility of vaccination. At this point, with the risk of the virus spreading to human populations, the Department of Health would appoint a UK national influenza

pandemic committee to coordinate the response of hospital trusts and local authorities. The Civil Contingency Secretariat(CCS)of the Cabinet will also be alerted and Cobra, the emergency committee which coordinates Whitehall’s response to terrorism, readied for a possible breakdown in civil order. The Department of Health’s pandemic preparedness plan published in March envisages as many as 54, 000 Britons dying in the first few months of a flu pandemic. But in June, CCS officials warned that that could be an underestimate. The more likely figure, they said, was 700,000—projection the Department of Health is expected to take on board when it updates its pandemic plan later this month. In the most serious case, officials estimate there would be as many deaths in the 12 weeks of an epidemic as there usually are in a year. At the peak of the pandemic, 19,000 people would reguire hos-pital beds, prompting councils to requisition schools to accommodate the sick. To treat the dying, the government would begin drawing down its stockpiles of Tamiflu(药名), an anti-viral drug that treats flu. But with only 14m courses, enough for a quarter of the population, likely to be available, sooner or later rationing would have to be imposed, with health professionals and essential civil servants the first in line. The government would also come under pressure to release stores of its precious flu vaccine. At present there are contingency plans for just two to three million doses. But there is no guarantee that vaccines which protect against annual human flu strains will also work against H5N1. The consequences hardly bear thinking about. Earlier this year, in a dress rehearsal in the East Midlands codenamed, Operation Arctic Circle, officials quickly concluded that mass mortuaries would be needed to bury the dead. But no one knows whether, in the event of a pandemic, any of these measures will prove effective. John Avizienius, senior scientific officer at the RSPCA and a member of Defra’s avian influenza stakeholder group, said: “All you can do is plan for the worst case scenario.” The fear is that wild geese moving from western China to Siberia may have spread the virus to several species of ducks and gulls that briefly visit British shores on their annual migration north. These ducks, many of which may not show signs of illness, may be passing on the virus to poultry on British farms. In the hope that they are not, Defra and the Wildfowl and Wetland announced last week that they would be conducting tests on 11,000 wild birds—three times the normal level. “The risk of avian in-fluen-za spreading from eastern Russia to the UK via migrating birds is still low,” said Defra’s chief vet, Debby Reynolds. “However, we have said all along that we must remain on the look out.”

16． What does the “scenario” in Paragraph 2 mean to Turkey? A．Turkey will be exposed to the nationwide aggression of the deadly virus as the most severely attacked country on these shores.

B．Turkey must kill billions of chicken and other kinds of poultry.

C．Turkey has to be responsible for the arrival of H5N1 on these shores. D．All the veterinary experts in Turkey will soon swing into action.

正确答案：A

解析：词汇题。含有scenario单词的句子结构是“The scenario．．．will soon arrive on these shores．”可见scenario是一种尚未出现的现象，四个选项中只有A选项表达了对将来事件的预测，所以正确答案是A选项。该选项的意思是当病毒大肆攻击这些海岸线的时候，土耳其全国都会面临危险。在文章的第九段最后一句也出现了scenario这个词，也有助于考生解这道题。

17． What is, according to Neil Ferguson, the possible risk of bird flu if one gets infected?

A．Anyone’s infection will trigger pandemic though it is probably one in ten thousand.

B．Each time a person gets infected with the virus will cause an enormous pandemic bird-flu.

C．The person infected with the virus will do great harm to people around him. D．It is impossible that the virus infection of a certain persons will cause a national bird virus spreading.

正确答案：D 解析：细节题。本题的解题点在第三段。文章提到“‘Every time a new person gets infected with the virusthere is a small chance that person will trigger a pandemic，’said Neil Ferguson…”可见Neil Ferguson认为，即使有人感染了这种病毒，也不会使此疾病大规模流行。四个选项中A、B、C选项均表达了会大规模流行的意思，所以不正确，只有D选项与文章的意思相符。

18． The change of alert colors from amber to red implies that____.

A．all poultry workers must leave their working places as soon as possible

B．the officials in the Department of Health must call for much more of international assistance

C．the most serious situation of bird-flu has appeared

D．the change of the color functions greatly as the weather reports do

正确答案：C

解析：推理题。本题的解题点在第四段。文章提到“…the alert level will be raised to red and a wholeseries of emergency procedures，…Other agencies，such as the Department of Health，the HealthProtection Agency and the Ministry of Defense，would be brought into the loop．”可见红色警报的等级非常高，国家卫生部、卫生防御部甚至国防部都要联合进行疫情防御工作，所以推出正确答案是C选项。其他选项的意思文中均没有提及，所以是不正确的。

19． What are the steps taken by the Department of Health of UK with the risk of the virus spreading to human population?

A．The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to publish documents for the pandemic preparedness.

B．The Department of Health required the UK national committee to co-work with hospital trusts and local authorities.

C．The Department of Health required Civil Contingency Secretariat to make a pandemic plan as soon as possible.

D．The Department of Health requires every hospital to store Tamiflu, the precious flu vaccine.

正确答案：B 解析：细节题。本题的解题点在第五段。文章提到“．．．with the risk of the virus spreading to human populations，the Department of Health would appoint a UK national influenza pandemic committee to coo-rdinate the re—sponse of hospital trusts and local authorities.”此句中的appoint、coordinate与B选项中的required、co-work的意思分别对应，所以正确答案是B选项。其他选项的意思均与文章的意思不符，所以不正确。

20． British government’s fear of the wild geese from western China to Siberia is due to_____.

A．the domestic ducks and gulls infected by the imported geese to Britain

B．the poultry on British farms has been infected by the immigrated wide geese C．the migration of the wild geese every winter D．British shores infected by the geese virus

正确答案：C 解析：推理题。本题的解题点在第十段。文章提到“The fear is that wild geese moving from western Chinato Siberia may have spread the virus to several species of ducks and gulls that briefly visit Britishshores on their annual migration north．”可见，英国政府是担心向北迁徙的天鹅会把病毒从中国西部和叙利亚带到英国来，所以正确答案是C选项。而且文中提到，从此路过的duck只是有可能会把病毒传染给英国农场的生物，而A、B、D选项都是说已经传染了，所以是不正确的。

English-Chinese Translation

21． Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyone’s life—ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and pain—to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse. It’s our decision: From which perspective do we want to view life? Will we look up in hope or down in despair? I believe in the upward look. I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature.

正确答案： 乐观和悲观是两种强大的力量，我们每一个人都必须在这两者之间作出选择，从而塑造我们的观点和期望。每个人一生中的幸运与不幸，如数不清的悲伤和快乐、喜悦和痛苦，这些都为乐观或悲观找到合理的依据。我们可以选择是笑还是哭，是祝福还是诅咒。我们想从哪种观点来看待生活?是昂首去寻找希望还是在绝望中垂头丧气?我赞成昂首去寻找希望。我愿意把注意力集

中在生活中积极的一面，而忽略消极的一面。出于选择和本性使然，我成为一名乐观主义者。

Chinese-English Translation

22． 从全职工作过渡到完全休闲可能是我们一生中最大的转变之一。很多成功的退休者都提到他们从退休以后的各种活动中感觉到更大程度的自我价值感。他们不用再忍受严酷或有害健康的工作环境。他们不再需要把精力放在职位的升迁或财富的获取上。拥有毅力和幽默感，退休生活就可能成为你一生中最幸福的阶段之一。

正确答案： The transition from full-time job to total leisure may be one of the biggest transitions in our lives. Many successful retirees mention that they can make a greater sense of self-worth from a variety of activities after retired. They don’t need to endure severe or hazardous working conditions and put their energy into the promotion posts and acquiring wealth. Retired life may be one of the happiest stages in your lives if keeping perseverance and sense of humor.

Writing

23． You are to write a composition of no less than 250 words and do your composition neatly on the Answer Sheet. Your composition should be based on the following topic: What Should Human Do to Preserve the Nature?

正确答案： What Should Human Do to Preserve the Nature? In the past few centuries, humans have had an especially negative effect on Earth’s natural environment. It is essential to realize that as rational beings, humans have the ability to not only understand the problems we have created and what needs to be done to amend them, but also the capability of accomplishing these tasks. One of the major threats to our environment is the amount of waste we produce. There are many things that we can do to reduce waste. We can put three separate recycling bins in classrooms, offices and in the kitchen. One bin is for paper, another for organic waste, and the third is for cans and bottles. We should think about whether we need all the paper you use. We also can print or copy on both sides of the sheet. What’s more, we should protect our wetlands and waterways. They provide habitat for wildlife, they can be breeding grounds for fish, and the source of life for entire communities-including humans. Let’s install water conservation devices in the home, school and workplace. Triple a shower heads, flow re-strictors on taps, and dual flush toilets can more than halve the amount of water we use, which will save our money too. Don’t use soaps or detergents in the river when camping, as this can upset the aquatic e-cosystem. In addition, the greenhouse effect and ozone depletion are global issues, but there are lots of things we can do to help solve these problems at the source. We can choose an energy-efficient appliances and a fuel-efficient vehicle. The best way is to choose a home close to work, then we can go to work on foot or by bike.

To save our earth, we can take some measures to protect environment. If everyone makes contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful.