中国科学院考博英语模拟试卷9 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. Structure and Vocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Writing
Structure and Vocabulary
1． ExxonMobil has spent Dollars 3.5bn on the clean-up, environmental_____and compensation, voluntarily paying Dollars 300m to more than 11,000 affected Alaskans.
A．rehabilitation B．purity C．defilement D．affection
正确答案：B
解析：rehabilitation意为“复原”；purity意为“净化”；defilement意为“弄脏，污辱”；affection意为“影响，爱情”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：环境净化。B项符合题意。其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为B。
2． Today this city is a highly skilled society without the urban sprawl and rural poverty that usually_____larger nations.
A．conflict B．dissert C．afflict D．dissemble
正确答案：C
解析：conflict意为“冲突”；dissert意为“论述，讨论”；afflict意为“折磨，使痛苦”；dissemble意为“掩饰”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：城市的扩张和乡村的贫穷曾经困扰着很多大国。C项符合题意，其他三项都与题意 不符。因此本题答案为C。
3． Although the two companies talked about how little_____ there is between them, they still expect to eliminate about 10,000 positions from a combined work force of 140,000 after their mergence.
A．overlap B．combination C．congregation D．inundation
正确答案：A
解析：overlap意为“复叠处”；combination意为“结合”；congregation意为
“集合”；inundation意为“洪水”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：两家公司之间的复叠处多么少。A项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为A。
4． It is true that Matviyenko’ s heading of the campaign would_____certain staffing shuffles in the leadership, and now only a few members of the company were in the know.
A．concur B．convoke C．entail D．alternate
正确答案：C
解析：concur意为“同时发生”；convoke意为“召集”；entail意为“使蒙受，需要”；alternate意为“轮换，交替”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：Matviyenko领导这场战役将会需要一定的人员变动。C项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为C。
5． It is said that something was____way back when Enron CEO Jeffrey William departed the company only six months after being elevated to the post from CFO, but the president denied it last night.
A．acquisitive B．amiss C．allusive D．tentative
正确答案：B
解析：acquisitive意为“渴望获得的”；amiss意为“错误的”；allusive意为“暗指的，影射的”；tentative意为“试验性的”。本句话表达的意思是：“据说有地方出差错了。当CEO Jeffrey在被升职后仅仅六个月就离开了公司，但昨晚总裁否定了这一说法”。B项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为B。
6． Movies are often held up as either the paragons or pariahs of our society at large; towering achievements on the one hand and endless_____on the other.
A．wallows
B．accomplishments C．awards
D．extravagance
正确答案：A 解析：wallows意为“堕落”；accomplishments意为“成就”；awards意为“奖品”；extravagance意为“奢侈，铺张”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：另一方面是无止境的堕落。A项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为A。
7． Permission to build the factory has been delayed by the complex_____between industrial and environmental interests.
A．interplay B．collaboration C．concurrence D．attribution
正确答案：A
解析：interplay意为“相互影响”；collaboration意为“协作”；concurrence意为“同时存在”；attribution意为“归因”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：工业和环境之间利益的相互影响。A项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为A。
8． Rescue teams from all over the world_____on the earthquake-stricken area after the news spread that the quake, which measured 7.9 on the Richter scale, had claimed a toll of 15,000 lives.
A．diversified B．disseminated C．converged D．accelerated
正确答案：C
解析：diversified意为“使多样化”；disseminated意为“散布”；converged意为“聚合”；accelerated意为“加速”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：全世界的援救队向遭受地震的地区聚集。C项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为C。
9． In the past few years, the little land-bound country had been_____mercilessly by financial crises.
A．deviated B．expedited C．decimated D．buffeted
正确答案：D
解析：deviated意为“偏离”；expedited意为“加速，派出”；decimated意为“大批杀害”；buffeted意为“打击”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：无情地受到金融危机的打击。D项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为D。
10． Many doubt if the Internet, television, advanced communications or instant food will make our country a____society anytime soon.
A．discriminated B．endangered C．construed
D．homogenized
正确答案：D
解析：discriminated意为“歧视的，区别的”；endangered意为“有危险的”，因为题中前面是a，后面不能跟元音开头的词，B项不对construed意为“解释，分析的”；homogenized意为“均质化的”。本句话表达的意思是：“许多人怀疑互联网、电视、高级通信或快餐会在将来某时使我们的国家成为一个均质化的社会。”D项符合题意。因此本题答案为D。
11． The Federal Communications Commission made an effort to prevent a single giant company from_____competition in the market.
A．entering B．evading C．squelching D．circumventing
正确答案：D
解析：entering意为“进入”；evading意为“逃避”；squelching意为“压制”；circumventing意为“防止……的发生，阻遏”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：阻遏市场竞争。D项符合题意。其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为D。
12． It was exciting to see such a movie for first time, but we soon became____when our TV was flooded with programs of like-kind.
A．overflowed B．overwhelmed C．undigested D．jaded
正确答案：D 解析：overflowed意为“泛滥的”；overwhelmed意为“淹没，覆没”；undigested意为“未消化的”；laded意为“厌倦的”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：我们很快就厌倦了。D项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为D。
13． Fame happened almost overnight for the 25-year-old actress, but she has become_____by all the recent media attention and now she has got quite used to her life.
A．perturbed B．unfazed C．frustrated D．dissuaded
正确答案：B
解析：perturbed意为“感到不安的”；frustrated意为“挫败的，失望的”；dissuaded意为“被劝阻的”。本句话表达的意思是：“那个二十五岁的女演员一
夜成名，但她对最近所有媒体的注意已经变得不奇怪(不担忧)了，并且她现在已经适应了这种生活。”B项unfazed的意思是“not surprised or worried”，符合题意。其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为B。
14． According to the recent census, under-18s____nearly 95% of the single children in Chinese families.
A．compose B．institute C．prescribe D．constitute
正确答案：D
解析：本题中，constitute意为“组成，构成”，constitute的主语可以是复数名词，也可以是单数名词，所“构成”的事物在属性和特征上或者在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。compose在表示“由……材料构成”时，见于被动语态；在用于主动语态时，一般它所表示的“构成”或“组成”总包含着融合为一。而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。Institute意为“创立”；prescribe意为“规定”。四个选项中，只有D项符合题意。因此本题答案为D。
15． Modern plant breading is largely based on planned hybridization combined with_____selection to speed up the evolution of new varieties.
A．stringent B．stern C．emergent D．austere
正确答案：A
解析：分析本题中的四个选项可知，stringent，stern，austere三者都有严厉的意思。它们的区别是：stringent指“措施、操作等是严格的”；stern指“严厉的。一般用来指人”；Austere指的是“环境严峻，或地方简朴无多余装饰，用来指人指庄重的”。emergent意为“紧急的，浮现的，突然出现的，自然发生的”。四个选项中，只有A项符合题意。因此本题答案为A。
16． The poor couple_____every night over the decision to send their sons to school and keeping their only daughter at home to help with fanning work.
A．agonized B．descended C．abated D．evacuated
正确答案：A
解析：agonize意为“感到极度痛苦”；descend意为“下降”；abate意为“减少，减弱”；evacuate意为“撤退”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：这对贫穷的夫妇感到极度痛苦。A项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为A。
17． Nowadays more and more people are interested in arranging time for exercises and____to release the stress caused by the fast pace and pressure of their lives.
A．meditation B．registration C．mediation D．illumination
正确答案：A
解析：meditation意为“沉思”；registration意为“登记，注册”；mediation意为“调解”；illumination意为“照明，阐明”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：安排时间来锻炼和深思。A项符合题意。如：He is deep inmeditation．(他陷入沉思中)。其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为A。
18． The attempt and offer to carry out cloning experiment on human being is blameworthy and can hardly find any____among the public not only in our country but also in most of the countries in the world.
A．conscience B．consensus C．sensation D．discord
正确答案：B
解析：conscience意为“良心”；consensus意为“一致同意”；sensation意为“感觉，感情”；discord意为“不一致”。本句话空格处表达的意思是：得不到公众的赞同。B项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为B。
19． That prospect has infuriated ordinary Mexicans, who have seen the purchasing power of their paychecks _____more than 40% since 1982.
A．extract
B．contaminate C．erode D．rust
正确答案：C
解析：extract意为“拔出，榨取”contaminate意为“污染”；erode意为“侵蚀，腐蚀”；rust意为“使生锈”。本题中，C项符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为C。
20． The government has to decide whether cost or concern for the environment should take____when choosing the route for the new road crossing the well known scenic spot.
A．solution
B．sight C．intellect D．precedence
正确答案：D
解析：solution意为“解答方法”；sight意为“眼界”；intellect意为“智力”precedence意为“优先，居先”。本题中，D项“符合题意，其他三项都与题意不符。因此本题答案为D。
Cloze
Acid ran leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments there the pH is below 5.0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged.【C1】______, the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases【C2】______becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the【C3】______salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also【C4】______in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are【C5】______the decline. What potential remedies exist for the acid rain【C6】______? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be【C7】______to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned【C8】______to prevent it.【C9】______, all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another【C10】______is that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a good【C11】______of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more【C12】______fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in【C13】______acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a【C14】______of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we【C15】______what we know now.
正确答案：
21． 【C1】 A．Likewise B．Besides C．Thus
D．Otherwise
正确答案：B
解析：Likewise意为“同样地，照样地，又，也”，表示上下句的同类关系；Besides意为“此外”，表示的是对前面内容的补充；Thus意为“因而，从而，
这样，如此”，表示上下句的因果关系；Otherwise意为“另外，否则，不同地，别的方式”，表示上下句的反义关系。分析文章中此处要表达的意思可知，此处的下句对上句是补充。B项符合文意和结构的要求。因此本题答案为B。
22． 【C2】 A．and B．then C．hence D．or
正确答案：D
解析：分析文章可知，在本题中，可认定主句描述的是一种结果，而不是一个过程，因为此句是由状语结构As a result修饰。D项的or表示两种可能性，符合结果性的描述，因此本题答案为D。
23． 【C3】 A．entire B．complete C．total D．all
正确答案：A
解析：结合文意可知此处强调的是整个“Salmon industry”。A项“entire全部的，整体的”符合文意。B项的complete强调“所有的部分或个体一个不少”；C项total意为“所有(可衡量的)数量或价值”。D项不对。因为空格前有the，而all要放在the之前。因此本题答案为A。
24． 【C4】 A．imaginable B．understandable C．considerable D．unaccountable
正确答案：C
解析：imaginable意味“能想得到的”；understandable意为“可以理解的”；considerable意为“相当大(多、严重)的”；unaccountable意为“无法解释的，无责任的”。文中此处表达的意思是说影响也相当大。C项符合文意。其他三项都与文意不符，因此本题答案为C。
25． 【C5】 A．on B．to C．with D．at
正确答案：A 解析：文中此处表达的意思是：在这些地方，鱼类的数量呈减少趋势。on the decline是介词短语作表语，可以表示动作或状态；表示正在发生的事情，符合文意。因此本题答案为A。
26． 【C6】 A．matter B．issue C．affair D．question
正确答案：B
解析：本题中，matter表示“麻烦事，小事”；issue表示“人们感兴趣的，讨论最多的话题”；affair多指“公众事件或政治事件”；question意为“问题”。根据文意可知B项符合文意要求。其他三项中都与文意不符，因此本题答案为B。
27． 【C7】 A．announced B．ordered C．imposed D．enacted
正确答案：D
解析：announced意为“宣布”；order意为“命令”；imposed意为“强加”；enacted意为“制定法律，颁布”。此处表达的意思是说行使法令以控制……，D项符合文意。其他三项都与文意不符，因此本题答案为D。
28． 【C8】 A．faster B．more C．better D．harder
正确答案：C
解析：faster表示“动作的快慢”；more表示“数量的多少”；better是副词，表示“更好，更多，更加”，用来修饰planned；harder表示困难程度。文中此处的意思是：要是我们早知道酸雨的严重性，我们就会更好地做计划。C项的符合文意，其他三项中都与文意不符。因此本题答案为C。
29． 【C9】 A．Furthermore B．Conversely C．Accordingly
D．Nevertheless
正确答案：D
解析：Furthermore表示“递进关系”；Conversely表示“完全相反的情形”；Accordingly表示“因果关系”，Nevertheless“然而，不过，表示对立，转折关系”。联系上下文可知，在此处上文提到The exports disagree，下文出现all agree that，前后呈现对立关系，因此D项符合文意。其他三项中都与文意不符。因此本题答案为D。
30． 【C10】 A．possibility B．perspective C．occurrence D．opportunity
正确答案：A
解析：possibility意为“可能性”；perspective意为“观点，看法”；occurrence意为“事情，发生，出现”；opportunity意为“机会”。文中此处是说专家们提出的一种方案。A项符合文意，其他三项都与文意不符。因此本题答案为A。
31． 【C11】 A．piece B．portion C．section D．segment
正确答案：B
解析：a piece of或pieces of表示“一片(块)或许多片(块)”；portion与of连用表示“许多，大部分”section与of连用表示“(整体中的)一部分”，“(整体分离出来的)部分，成分”。此处是指污染物的大部分。B项符合文意。其他三项中都与文意不符。因此本题答案为B。
32． 【C12】 A．tolerated B．tolerant C．tolerable D．intolerant
正确答案：B
解析：本题中，tolerated意为“被宽恕，被容忍”，不用作前置定语；tolerant意为“宽容的，有耐性的”；tolerable意为“可以忍受的”，常修饰某种情形；intolerant意为“无法忍受的”，与上下文意思相反。B项符合文意要求，因此本题答案为B。
33． 【C13】 A．descending B．declining C．reducing D．relieving
正确答案：C
解析：本文中此处的意思是说：生石灰将有助于减轻湖水的酸性。四个选项中，reducing意为“使减少”，为及物动词；descending意为“下来，下降”，为不及物动词；declining意为“减少，衰落”，为不及物动词；relieving意为“缓和，减轻”，宾语多为problem。只有C项符合文意，因此本题答案为C。
34． 【C14】 A．combination B．alliance C．mixture D．union
正确答案：A
解析：combination意为“结合”；alliance意为“结盟”，一般用于国家或集团的联盟；mixture意为“混合”，暗示不分彼此；union意为“合而为一”，表明成为一个整体。文中此处表示remedies与international cooperation相辅相成。A项符合文意。其他三项都与文意不符。因此本题答案为A。
35． 【C15】 A．know B．knew
C．had known D．have known
正确答案：C
解析：文章在此处主要是是对虚拟语气的考查，是对过去事实的虚拟。因为主句是could have been avoided，从句应该用过去完成时(had done)，因此本题答案为C。
Reading Comprehension
The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the sources of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self
improvement. Ask a bachelor(单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest, he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.
36． According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because_____. A．he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities
B．he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single C．he finds more fun in dating than in marriage
D．he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement
正确答案：A
解析：参见文章第三段第一至二行。
37． Raising children, in the author’s opinion, is_____. A．a moral duty B．a thankless job C．a rewarding task
D．a source of inevitable pain
正确答案：C
解析：根据文章第四段开头读者似乎会认为作者的意图是B项“出力不讨好，毫无回报的事”，而实际上，作 者真实想法应在But之后的句中体现。
38． From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from_____. A．hatred
B．misunderstanding C．prejudice D．ignorance
正确答案：B
解析：依据文章最后一段第二行说明：我们现在这样理解就可免除妒忌，那么反过来，妒忌产生于我们的理解不当，即misunderstanding。
39． To understand what true happiness is one must____. A．have as much run as possible during one’s lifetime B．make every effort to liberate oneself from pain C．put up with pain under all circumstances D．be able to distinguish happiness from fun
正确答案：D 解析：依据文章第一段第一至二行，再依据文章最后一段最后一句可以看出要理解真正的幸福是什么就必须把fun和happiness区分开来。因为两者绝不等同。C项应该是回答“怎样才能获得真正的幸福?”这一问题。
40． What is the author trying to tell us?
A．Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain. B．One must know how to attain happiness. C．It is important to make commitments. . D．It is pain that leads to happiness.
正确答案：A
解析：作者的意图出现在第一段第3行。
41． According to the author’s opinion, which is correct? A．Happiness is different from the fun. B．Fun always leads to happiness.
C．Happiness is always originated from fun. D．Pain is another kind of happiness.
正确答案：A
解析：其它选项都过于绝对，只有A能从文中最后一句话中推出。
It’s very interesting to note where the debate about diversity (多样化) is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate (公司的) leaders;none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting, corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leaders know that if that doesn’t occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need. Likewise, I don’t hear people in the academy saying. “Let’s go backward. Let’s go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (不拘一格降人才)” (which was never true—we never had a
meritocracy, although we’ve come closer to it in the last 30 years). I recently visited a great little college in New York here the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the u-niversity is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media—not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.
42． The word “imperative”(Line 5, Para. 1) most probably refers to something____.
A．superficial B．remarkable C．debatable D．essential
正确答案：D
解析：四个选项的词意分别为：A项“表面的”；B项“令人惊奇的”；C项“有争议的”；D项“基本的，重要的”；从该词出现的语境第一段第四行出现的if从句(如果要……)判断，D与之吻合。
43． Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?
A．Minorities B．Politicians C．Professors D．Managers
正确答案：B
解析：依据文章第一段第二行排除D。依据文章第二段开头排除C。A项minorities(少数民族)属于被排除对象，当然赞同实行diversity，也可排除。再依据文章第二段倒数第二行，故B正确。politicians政客们对diversity依然意见分歧。
44． High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to_____.
A．lower the rate of unemployment
B．win equal political rights for minorities C．be competitive in the world market
D．satisfy the demands of a growing population
正确答案：C 解析：依据文章第一段第四行可以看出：公司高层领导人造成促进多样化的原因是在全球市场上更具竞争力。
45． It can be inferred from the passage that_____. A．meritocracy can never be realized without diversity B．American political circles will not accept diversity
C．it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. media
D．minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity.
正确答案：A
解析：文章第二段中，作者叙述了和一个非洲美国人交际的情况。从中可以推断出：没有多样化，不拘一格降人才是绝对不可能实现的。
46． According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by____.
A．expanding the pool of potential employees
B．promoting policies that provide skills to employees
C．training more engineers, scientists lawyers and business managers D．providing education for all regardless of race or sex
正确答案：D
解析：依据文章第一段第五行开始可以看出，在美国社会，要实现多样化只能通过给所有的人提供教育，不管他的种族和性别怎样。
47． The author’s attitude to the diversity is_____. A．Positive B．Neural C．Objective D．Critical
正确答案：A
解析：很明显，作者对多样化的态度是肯定的、积极的。
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.” Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剥夺) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (试验对象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it.
Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex.” Sums up Spilich, “non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins,” He predicts, “smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”
48． The purpose of George Spilich’s experiments is_____.
A．to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B．to show how smoking damages people’s mental capacity C．to prove that smoking affects people’s regular performance D．to find out whether smoking helps people’s short-term memory
正确答案：A
解析：参见文章第一段第二行。
49． George Spilich’s experiment was conducted in such a way as to_____. A．compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details B．put the subjects through increasingly complex tests C．check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers D．register the prompt responses of the subjects
正确答案：B
解析：依据文章第二段开头，第三段开头，第四段，第五段“The fourth test requires people to…”第六段“As our tests became more complex…”说明测试项目越来越复杂。
50． The word “bested”(Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means_____. A．beat B．envied
C．caught up with D．made the best of
正确答案：A
解析：四个选项的意思分别为：A项“击败，战胜”；B项“妒忌”；C项“赶上”；D项“充分利用(机会和时间)”，该词出现的语境在第五段第三行，从该句的上下文可看出：“non-smokers”(不吸烟者)比“active smokers”表现好，“deprived smokers”要比测试前抽了一支烟的人表现要好。
51． Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers. B．Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C．Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks. D．Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
正确答案：C
解析：依据文章第二段第二行，在这个简单测试中，烟民，被剥夺抽烟权利的人和非吸烟者表现得一样好。说明：在从事简单任务时，吸烟者并不比其他测试对象表现得更好。
52． We can infer from the last paragraph that_____. A．smokers should not expect to become airline pilots B．smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness C．no airline pilots smoke during flights
D．smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases
正确答案：D
解析：依据文章第六段第四行可推论出D：吸烟者在处理紧急事件时将证明是不能胜任的。
53． The research way of this article is____. A．Critical analysis B．Comparison
C．Sample investigation D．Cause-result analysis
正确答案：B
解析：本文是进行对比分析，在不同的小组之间进行比较分析。
There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal combustion engine (内燃机) has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons (活塞) being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy(读写能力);it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art. Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one. Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repair and violin-making. Learning how to
use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to use a computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.
54． To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should_____. A．try to lay a solid foundation in computer science
B．be aware of how the things that they use do what they do C．learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skills
D．understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car
正确答案：C
解析：依据文章第二段作者的意思是：要成为未来的“competent citizens”就需掌握计算机，但并不是要求 懂得如何编程序，只要求学会如何使用计算机就行。
55． In the second paragraph “violin-making” is mentioned to show that____. A．programming a computer is as interesting as making a violin B．our society needs experts in different fields
C．violin making requires as much skill as computer programming
D．people who can use a computer don’t necessarily have to know computer programming
正确答案：D 解析：依据文章第二段第四、五行作者举例汽车修理和小提琴制作的例子是说我们不必懂得如何修理汽车，只需懂得如何开车就行，不必了解如何制作小提琴，只需知道如何使用小提琴，如何欣赏就行，以此说明，知道使用计算机的人不必了解编程。A、B、C和作者的真实意图无关，均应排除。
56． Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because_____. A．programs are becoming less complicated
B．programs are designed to be convenient to users C．programming is becoming easier and easier
D．programs are becoming readily available to computer users
正确答案：B
解析：参见文章第三段第一至二行。
57． According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer”(Lines 3,4,Para.3) means learning_____.
A．a set of rules
B．the fundamentals of computer science C．specific programs
D．general principles of programming
正确答案：C
解析：依据文章第三段第四行，答案应在第四段开头“in fact”(事实上)以后的文字中找出。
58． The author’s purpose in writing this passage is_____. A．to stress the impact of the computer on society B．to explain the concept of computer literacy
C．to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrow
D．to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging job
正确答案：B
解析：选择A、C、D都是作者在叙说解释“computer literacy”这一概念时所涉及的几个方面，所以均应排除。
59． According to the author, which following sentence is NOT true? A．Learn to use the use computer covers many kinds of skills. B．Computer literacy is not so easy to learn. C．Programming is more than just a kind of fun.
D．Learning to play a game is always more than learning to use a computer.
正确答案：D
解析：其它选项都可以从文中推导出，只要第四个选项过于绝对。
There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous “peasouper” fog in December 1952, 4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal. Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎). Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘)and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects.
Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur. Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse hung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis(支气管炎)and emphysema(肺气 肿), but this has yet to be proven. Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.
60． Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experiments? A．Low concentrations B．Fall in lung function C．Irritability of the lungs D．Airway inflammation
正确答案：A
解析：根据文章第二段第二句话可知，即使浓度非常低，也会导致肺功能的降低，导致肺的过敏性增强，并引发导氮管发炎。从中可知，B、C、D三项都是“laboratory experiments”的结果之一。所以答案为A。
61． Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with_____. A．asthma
B．lung diseases C．good health D．weak health
正确答案：C
解析：从原文第二段的“Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma(哮喘)and other lung diseases，these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects．”可知，健康的人也会患肺气肿。因此选项C正确。
62． Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?
A．The burning of coal
B．Long-term exposure to smog C．Exposure to nitrogen dioxide D．Attending school camps
正确答案：D
解析：该题要选择不是lung disease的原因的选项。A、B、C三项都可能是导致肺部病的原因。根据文中的“Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone．”可知，这里有助于分析文章的信息来自“even at quite low concentrations of ozone”，而非“Groups of children attending school camps”，即“Groups of children attending school camps”并无实际作用。因此D项为正确答案。
63． The relationship between exposure to____has not yet been determined. A．ozone and fall in lung function
B．ozone and lung diseases such as asthma C．nitrogen dioxide and worse lung function D．smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema
正确答案：D 解析：根据文中的“It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis(支气管炎)and emphysema(肺气肿)，but this has yet to be proven”可知，这些疾病和烟雾之间的关联还有待验证，因此选项D正确。
64． The association between_____has not yet been found in Australia. A．ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma B．hazy days and more asthma attacks in children C．the levels of particles in the air and death rates D．high levels of pollution and more symptoms
正确答案：C 解析：根据文中的“Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the airand death rates in North American cities．The reason for this association is not understood and as yetthere is no evidence this occurs in Australia．(最近发现北美空气中微粒的浓度与死亡率之间存在联系，但是原因尚不知晓，而且在澳大利亚并未发现此类现象)”可知，C项是正确答案。
65． In the last sentence of third paragraph, the word “suspected” can be best replaced by____.
A．doubtful B．supposed C．suspicious D．said
正确答案：B
解析：这里是“推测”、“据说”的意思，不是“可疑”的意思。
Francois Jacob wrote that “an age or culture is characterized less by the extent of its knowledge than by the nature of the questions it puts forward. “ 66 .
Admittedly, the most brilliant cultures are developed during the days of knowledge acquirement. 67. Many convincing examples can be given when looking back to the cultural development of these coun-tries. The most influential Chinese culture flourished during Tang Dynasty, which was established a thou-sand years ago. This influence can be traced by the word “Tang Street”, another name for Chinatown. And it was during the same time that the Chinese acquired more knowledge than they had before. 68 . However, when compared with the knowledge people have acquired and are acquiring today, the knowledge of the ancient Tangs and Arabs is unquestionably limited. But in all history books, the cultures of the Tang Dynasty and the ancient Arab are introduced in detail, while the cultures of the People’s Republic of China and the Arab League are seldom mentioned. 69 . For instance, the ancient Greeks and Romans’ knowledge about nature was definitely insufficient, but they are still recognized as the founders of the most magnificent ages and cultures in human history because the questions put forward and thought about by them were profound and meaningful. In the works of the Greeks and Romans represented by The Iliad, The Odyssey and The Aeneid, the questions concerning life and death, love and hatred, benevolence and malevolence and individual and society are raised. People can always draw inspirations from Achilles’s different attitudes towards death in the Iliad and the Odyssey and Aeneas’ s choice from love and glory. 70. The importance of an era or civilization can never be diminished because of its lack of knowledge. The essence of an age or culture should be the exploration in the spiritual world and the thoughtful questions posed.A. The Arabian culture thrived when the Arabians learnt the application of arithmetic and created Arabic numbers.B. These remain the questions people face, contemplate and discuss till today.C. In general, cultures are developed during the time of knowledge acquirement.D. This statement reveals that the nature of an epoch or civilization is decided by the things that are thought about, rather than the things that are already known.E. This is probably a universal truth for all countries and nations that boast impressive histories.F. Compared with knowledge, the questions put forward are more significant in an age or culture.
66．
正确答案：D
解析：由“…characterized less by the extent of its knowledge than by the nature of the questions it putsforward”知道。答案是D。
67．
正确答案：E
解析：诚然，最为辉煌的文化是在获取知识的高峰期发展的。对于所有拥有悠久历史的国家和民族来说，这大概是一个普遍真理。当回顾这些国家的文化发展时，可以举出许多具有说服力的例子。
68．
正确答案：A
解析：由“…the knowledge of the ancient Tangs and Arabs is unquestionably limited．”知道，答案是A。
69．
正确答案：F
解析：对于知识的获取当然很重要，但能够提出问题更重要，这样更有利于获取新的知识。答案是F。
70．
正确答案：B 解析：此为总结语，这些仍然是人们所面临、思考和讨论的问题。答案是B。
Over the past two decades, the lives of American women have undergone unparalleled change. The Virginia Slims Opinion Poll has chronicled that change in national surveys conducted six times since 1970. 71 One of the most striking findings of the 1990 Virginia Slims Opinion Poll is the degree of consensus— rather than conflict—in women’s and men’s attitudes about the changing roles of women. In many respects, the two sexes agree. Men express strong and consistent support for women’s improved status in society. 72 And they agree that the most tangible way in which they could help women balance jobs and family is to take on more household work. But men are also a major cause of resentment and stress for American women. 73 Now, a generation of sweeping change later, women’s expectations have outpaced the change in men’s behavior. Token help with the dishes or the children no longer inspires women’s gratitude. 74 . Increasingly, the kitchen table has become that bargaining table. 75 Next to money, “how much my mate helps around the house “is the single biggest cause of resentment among women who are married or living as if married, with 52 percent citing this as a problem. Improvement in this area is one of the top things women cite when they consider what would make their lives better.A. There is evidence in the poll that waiting for men to live up to the ideal of equal responsibility is a major irritant for most women today.B. Together, these surveys provide a comprehensive picture of women’s changing status, and of their views of the future.C. In 1970, most women were concerned about getting men to share household chores.D. They, like women, believe that sex discrimination remains an important problem in the workplace.E. Over the past three generations, expectations of men as rulers and protectors of the household have changed.F. Instead, as women contribute more to the family income, they expect in return a more equal division of the household responsibilities.
71．
正确答案：B
解析：由“one of the most striking findings”知道答案是B。
72．
正确答案：D
解析：D选项也是讨论男性对女性改变自己的社会地位的态度，答案是D。
73．
正确答案：C 解析：女人对男人在不同时代会有不同的期待，而男人总是达不到女人的期待标准。答案是C。
74．
正确答案：F
解析：对男人来说，他们的行为总是离女人的期待很远，他们不知道女人到底期待什么。答案是F。
75．
正确答案：A
解析：问题仍然出在做家务上，在女人看来，男人承担的家务量太少了。答案是A。
English-Chinese Translation
76． One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.
正确答案： 我们可能要问既然投机有这么大的风险，为什么还会允许进行投机呢。根本原因是投机能在经济发展中发挥有益的功能。由于相信价格会上涨从而买商品或期货加快了市场均衡，并能鼓励更多的供应商更快地进人市场。如果到商品真正出现短缺时，价格才开始变化，那么价格波动很可能更为剧烈、突然。采取补救措施增加供应将刻不容缓。同样，如果投机者预见到某商品将过剩，他们就会卖出期货，这样做有助于在过剩真正发生之前在一定程度上降低价格。而当投机者预见到将会出现短缺的时候，就会哄抬物价，这样做也有助于保存当前的供给。物价上涨时，商品购买量就会变少，因为价格上涨将促使消费者节约。物价下跌同样地将促使消费者增加购买，这样就有助于将正在增加的过剩商品出售出去。
Writing
77． Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title”My Understanding of Globalization”. Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.
正确答案： My Understanding of Globalization In recent years there is widespread awareness of the hot term “globalization”. Different people hold different opinions on it. Some believe that it increases inequality within and between nations, threatens employment and living standards and thwarts social progress. Others view it as a process that is beneficial and also inevitable and irreversible. As far as I am concerned, globalization is much like fire. It is improper to say that fire is completely good or bad. If we use it properly, it can help us cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. If not, fire can ruin lives, towns and forests in an instant. People welcoming globalization think that it will bring them great profits. They claim that trade obstacles will be broken with the globalization, which will fetch them more benefits and conveniences, such as buying foreign products with less money, traveling all over the world more freely than ever. People who object it think that the disappearance of national borders and the establishment of a world interconnected by markets will deal a death blow to regional and national cultures. National identity or soul will lose for the invasion of cultural products from North America is so powerful that most of countries are incapable of resisting. After the advantages and disadvantages of globalization were carefully compared, the conclusion was obvious. Neither cheerleaders who are blind to the destruction globalization can cause nor strident opponents who are blind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basic aspirations are good. We should see globalization as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone.
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