中国口腔种植学杂志2011年第16卷第1期 ・63・ screw—type retention,in which 4—6 implants were located in the same arch.Impressions were taken and temporary restorations were ixed on the day of fsurgery.The final restorations were completed after 3—6 months and being observed for up to 7 years.Result:Osseo integration was found in 205 out of 206 implants 3 months after surgery.1 implant was f0und mobile due to temporary restoration frae— ture,but could be corrected by re—implantation in situ.Success rate is 99.5%.In one of the cases,six implants were placed in the maxilla but peri—implantitis was found in one of them and needed to be taken out.However,the restoration remained functional which means the survival rate of the restoration remains 100%.Conclusion:Immediate loading of implant restoration is proved to achieve sat— isfaetory result in clinical practice. 上颌前牙美学区域 种植修复的特殊处理 胡秀莲林野崔宏燕 于海燕 (北京大学1:7腔医学院) 【摘要】 背景与目的:研究表明口唇部作为面部关注的中心对患者的自信心与社会认可度有着显著影响,牙齿美学修复是 上颌关学区域牙齿缺失患者主要关注焦点。关学区域是唇部组织在最大运动状态下(大笑)所显露的区域,包括牙齿、牙龈及 相邻的软组织;而这些组织的质地、结构、形态是否正常,能否与周围邻牙及软组织协调,将明显影响患者容貌美观,进而影响 患者的心理健康与社会生活。种植修复因其长期成功率高,对邻牙没有损害,重建口颌功能效果好而被广大医生和患者所接 受,成为牙齿缺失首选的修复方法。如何使上颌前牙关学区域种植修复体能最大限度模仿天然牙的美学成为目前口腔种植 学界研究的热点与难点。本研究目的旨在探讨上颌美学区域不同缺牙情况下种植修复使所需做的特殊处理,技术特点及临 床效果。材料与方法:57例连续在北京大学口腔医院种植科就诊的上颌前牙缺失患者纳入本研究,按照北京大学I3'腔医学院 种植科诊疗常规完成种植前常规检查、制定治疗计划,治疗前签种植治疗同意书。57例病例分二组:I组为翻瓣植骨组39例, 其中种植同期行引导骨再生植骨28例,种植前行外置法植骨11例。在种植体暴露后6周行种植体支持的过渡义齿修复,以 进行牙龈诱导塑形;II组为不翻瓣即刻种植组18例,种植体暴露愈合4周行种植体支持的过渡义齿修复,进行牙龈诱导塑形。 美学评价指标包括牙龈乳头水平及种植体唇侧软组织丰满度。根据Jemt 1997年牙间乳头的分类标准测量种植修复后牙间 乳头的高度。结果:57例患者共植入73种植体,其中ReplaceSpeedy(Nobel Biocare,G?teborg,Sweden)36枚,Ankylos (DENTSPLY Friadent,Mannheim,Germany)20枚,Catalog(Camlog,Wimsheim,Germany,Camlog Rootline)17枚,平均追踪时 间32.7月(24—64月),至最后一次复查未见种植体脱落。I组中11例种植前行外置法植骨(2例髂骨取骨,9例外斜线取 骨),28例种植同期行引导骨再生技术(Bin—Oss&Bin—Gide,Geistlich Pharma AG,Switzerland),共植入种植体53枚,牙间 乳头为0度0牙位,I度5牙位,Ⅱ度32牙位,Ⅲ度16牙位,Ⅳ度0牙位。唇侧丰满度0度10牙位,I度38牙位,Ⅱ度5牙 位。II组中所有病例均为在拔牙同期植入种植体,并于拔牙窝间隙内同期植入人工骨材料(Bin—Oss, 1—2 mm,Geistlich Pharma AG,Switzerland),共植入种植体20枚,牙间乳头为0度0牙位,I度0牙位,Ⅱ度1牙位,Ⅲ度19牙位,Ⅳ度0牙位。 唇侧丰满度0度1牙位,I度19牙位,Ⅱ度0牙位。结论:上颌前牙美学区域种植修复的美学效果主要受到种植区域是否有 骨组织支持和修复体周围软组织的质与量的影响。尽最大可能保存软硬组织的形态结构并重建与重塑软组织是治疗过程中 需要考虑的主要因素。外置法植骨技术与引导骨再生技术能有效重建种植体周围的骨组织以维持其周围软组织的稳定。不 翻瓣即刻种植技术能保存天然牙的软硬组织结构形态且手术创伤小,临床效果肯定。而修复过程中基台及上部结构的的形 态与大小将对最终关学修复效果起到至关重要的影响。 Peri——implant soft tissue special management in maxillary esthetic zone HU Xiulian,LIN Ye,CUI Hongyan,YU Haiyan Yu (Department of Implant Dentistry,Peking University,School&Hospital of Stomatology) Background and Objective:Previous studies showed the mouth was the center of communication in the face and had signiifcant influ. enee on individua1’s self—esteem and social acceptanee in modern societyToday esthetics has become increasingly important in the .practice of modern dentistry and is synonymous with a naturalharmonious appearance.Many patients seek dental care due to the de一 ,i l0¨0k more attraetiVe by improving their smiles.The lips form the frame during enjoyable smile around the oral regi。n and thus ・64・ 中国口腔种植学杂志2011年第16卷第1期 deifne the esthetic zone including teeth,gingiva and adjacent soft tissue.The dynamic esthetics of showed teeth and soft tissue influ— ences patients’psychological health and social life.Using implant restoration to restore loss teeth is accepted by both dentists and pa— tients nowadays due to its long—term success durability,no deterioration of neighboring teeth and predictable rehabilitation ot stomatng— nathic functions.The demand for real life looking implant—supported restorations in the esthetic zone is met by qualiied dentfal profes— sionals.The aim of this study is to evaluate the periimplant soft tissue esthetics and special technical nmnagement in the maxillary es— thetic zones of difierent situations.Materials and Methods:Totally 57 patients were enrolled in this study consecutively in Department of Implant Dentistry,Peking University,School&Hospital of Stomato]ogy.A standard therapeutic protocol was undertaken including pre—treatment examination,confirmation of the treatment plan and signature of the consent form.Patients were classified into two groups:Group I:bone graft prior to or during implant insertion(39 cases),Group I1:immediate implant with flapless technique(1 8 cases).All the patients underwent sequentila gingival architecture remodeling using imp]ant—supported temporary prostheses.Esthetic evaluations included papilla index and the labial peri—implant soft tissue fullHess.Peri—implant papilla was evaluated according to the papilla classiifcation reported by Jemt in 1 997.Results:Totlly 73 iamplants were placed in 57 cases inclusing 36 ReplaecSpecdy (Nobel Biocare,G?teborg,Sweden),20 Ankylos(DEN'I、SPLY Friadent,Mannheim,Germany)and 17 Catalog(Camh)g,Wier— sheim,Germany,Camlog Rootline).The mean folh)w—up was 32.7 months(24—64 months)and no implant was lost until the last recal1.Group I:1 1 patients underwent onlay graft as well 28 GBR during implant insertion.53 implants were placed.PapiIla evahla— tion showed that Degree 0 was found in 0 implant site as well 5 in Degree I,32 in Degree I1,16 ira Degree 111,0 in Degree IV.Peri —implant fullness evaluation showed that Degree 0 was found in 10 implant sites as well 38 in Degree 1,5 in Degree II.Group 11:1m— mediate implant placement was employed without flap elevation and bone substitute particle was grafted between the extraction spaces. 20 implants were placed.PapiHa evaluation showed that Degree 0 was found in 0 implant site as well 0 in Degree I.1 in Degree儿.1 9 in Degree III,0 in Degree IV.Peri—implant fullness evaluation showed that Degree 0 was found in 1 implant sites as wel1 19 in 1)c— gree I,0 in Degree II.Conclusion:The esthetic outcome of implant restoration in maxillary esthetic,zone is influenced by bone support and quality/quantity of the peri—implant soft tissue with the prosthetic reconstruction.Preservation of as much of both the hard and soft tissue architecture as possible and methods to reconstruct it and modify it are major considerations in treatment.Onlay graft and GBR can create bone volume to maintain soft tissues predictably.hnmediate implant placement with flapless technique ca“preservethe natu— ral teeth profile and be less invasive and shorten the therapy period comparing with bone graft group.Size and shape of the transumco— cat prosthetic abutments and framework is important to achieve an esthetic result. 种植义齿设计的美学考虑 施斌 (武汉大学口腔医学院口腔种植科) 前牙区种植义齿修复要更多的考虑到种植修复体的美学功能..因此,在种植义齿设计时不仅要考虑牙冠的形态和美观 (白色关学),还需要重点的考虑到种植义齿周围组织的关学效果(红色美学) 在种植义齿设计时,要关注种植体植入的位 点。要关注到种植体周围骨组织的形态和体积。当骨组织有缺损时,需要采取各种骨增量技术来达到修复缺损的目的 常 用的技术有骨挤压、GBR、onlay植骨等。还要关注软组织的体积,形态、质地。在设计以及治疗中可考虑进行龈组织保存、牙 龈修整、牙龈诱导以及牙龈再造,已获得好的美学效果 Esthetic considerations for design of implant restoration SHI Bin (Department of Oral Implantology,the School and Hospital of Stomatology,Wuhan University) Anteri。r teeth implant should be taken more c。nsiderati。ns t。the aestheftc funeti。n。f implant rest。rati。ns・Therefore,the d sig“ 0f the impla盯t cr。wn sh。uld n。t。n1y c。nsider the shape and appearance(White aesthetic),but a1s。f0cus。n he aes he i imp1 “