The ocean deep 海洋深处
We look upwards and wonder what lies beyond our planet. We send probes into the vastness of space to explore the unknown. We build space stations to advance our understanding of the universe. Our curiosity about outer space has remained unshakeable. Meanwhile, it is estimated that more than eighty per cent of the world's oceans are unexplored. So, if we want to find exciting new life forms as well as undiscovered and unusual geological formations, the ocean is where we should also be looking· Then why don't we dive to the bottom of a really deep ocean and take a long, close look beneath the waves?
我们仰望天空，好奇在我们的星球之外有什么。我们向浩瀚的太空发射空间探测器以探索未知世界。我们建造空间站以增进对宇宙的了解。我们对太空的好奇心一直以来从未动摇。同时， 据估算，世界上超过80%的海洋还未被探索。因此，如果我们想找到令人激动的新生物以及未被发现的、不同寻常的地质构造，海洋也是我们应该去寻找的地方。那么，我们为什么不潜到很深的海底，长时间地、仔细地观察海底呢?
The first 200 metres of our dive takes us through what can be called the open ocean, where most visible light exists. Here lives much of the marine life we know about, such as dolphins, corals and seaweeds. Sinking below 200 mertes, we enter the twilight zone, where there is little sunlight and thus almost no plant life. Most of the fish living here are small filter feeders which swim up at night to feed in the nutrient-rich waters above .Also living in the twilight zone are hunters with telescopic, upward-pointing eyes that can easily spot a meal in the waters above. Consequently, the fish most likely to be eaten have evolved to have thin bodies so thar they arc less easily to be seen from below. However, once they are captured, the hunters’ backward-carving teeth prevent them from getting away. Evolution, it seems, helps both the hunter and the hunted in equal measure. 我们下潜的头200米带我们穿过所谓的透光区，这里有大部分可见光。我们所知的许多海洋生物，如海豚、珊瑚和海藻，生活在这一层。下潜到200米以下，我们进入暮光区，这里没有阳光，因此几乎没有植物。生活在此的大多数鱼类都是小型滤食性动物，它们在夜间向上游，到上面营养丰富的水域进食。同样生活在暮光区的还有双眼凸起向上的猎食者，它们能轻易地发现上层水域中的食物。结果，最有可能被吃掉的鱼已经进化成细长的身体，所以从下面不太容易看见它们。然而，一旦它们被捕获，猎食者向后弯曲的牙齿让它们无法逃脱。进化似乎在同等程度上帮助了猎人和猎物!
Once past 1,000 metres, we have reached the deep ocean, where there is no light and temperatures drop just above freezing. The pressures are huge and can be more than 100 times the pressure of the Earth’s atmosphere. It is then surprising that many creatures can live in this extreme environment. They cannot rely solely on their eyesight to survive and have evolved fascinating characteristics. Indeed, many organisms in the deep ocean are blind. In order to obtain food and avoid being caught, they have to depend on other senses such as smell and their ability to detect slight changes in water pressure. Also, some fish have both male and female organs to increase the chances of reproduction, as fish are so scarce at these depths that it can be difficult for them to find a mate. The fish in the deep ocean are among the strangest
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creatures on the Earth, many of which have yet to be properly studied.
一旦超过1000米，我们就到达了深海区，这里没有光，温度降至略高于冰点。压力巨大，可能是地球大气压力的100多倍。令人惊奇的是，许多生物可以生活在这种极端的环境中。它们仅仅依靠视觉无法生存，因而进化出神奇的生存特征。事实上，深海中的许多生物都是看不见的。为了获取食物和躲避被捕食，它们不得不依靠其他感官，如嗅觉，和感知水压微小变化的能力。此外，一些鱼类同时拥有雄性和雌性器官，以增加繁殖的可能性，因为在这样的深度，鱼如此稀少，以至于找配偶对它们来说很难。深海鱼类是地球上最奇怪的生物之一， 其中许多还尚未被充分研究。
On reaching the ocean floor, we may see shrimps and other organisms around hydrothermal vents. These vents form in volcanically active areas, pouring mineral-rich fluids into the sea. Before the discovery of these creatures, it was thought that all life on the Earth obtained its energy from the sun. However, this discovery has revealed that life forms can obtain nutrients and energy from thermal sources. Knowing that life35 can exist in these extreme conditions has changed scientific opinion about the chances of there being life elsewhere in the universe. In addition to the vents and remarkable organisms, we cannot miss the Mariana Trench, located in the north-western part of the Pacific Ocean. Its deepest point, known as the Challenger Deep, is nearly 11 ,000 metres below sea level. You could place Mount Qomolangma in the Challenger Deep, and its top would still be more than 2,000 metres below the surface! While there is little life at such great depths, it is far from boring. Of the many strange geological formations to be found here are rock bridges which cross the Trench, some reaching a height of 2,500metres above the Challenger Deep.
一到达海底，我们就可能在热液喷口周围看到虾和其他生物。这些喷口形成于火山活动频繁的区域，喷涌出富含矿物质的流体进入海洋。在发现这些生物之前，人们认为地球上的所有生命都是从太阳获得能量的。然而，这项发现揭示了生物可以从热源获得营养和能量。认识到生命可以在这些极端条件下生存，改变了有关宇宙中其他地方有多大几率存在生命的科学观点。除了热液喷口和奇异的生物，我们不能错过位于太平洋西北部的马里亚纳海沟。它的最深处，也就是“挑战者深渊”，在海平面以下近11,000 米。你不妨把珠穆朗玛峰放到“挑战者深渊”，山顶仍然在海面下2000多米!虽然在如此深的地方几乎没有生命，但一点也不无聊。在这里发现的许多奇怪的地质构造中有横穿海沟的石桥，有些高度达到“挑战者深渊”上方2500米。
As you can see, the world beneath the surface of the ocean is indeed an amazing place.45 On our journey down, we have been fascinated by incredible geological formations as well as unexpected life forms that have become strangely adapted to their extreme environment. With so much of the oceans left to explore, who knows what wonders still await us in the future?
正如你们所见，海洋表面下的世界确实是一个神奇的地方。在我们下潜的旅途中，不可思议的地质构造，还有已经出奇地适应了极端环境的、出乎意料的生物，令我们心驰神往。海洋还剩下这么多的地方要被探索，谁知道未来还有什么奇迹等着我们呢?
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Extended reading
Read the article and comic strip from a science magazine about the inside of the Earth.
Inside the Earth 地球内部
Have you ever wondered what lies beneath your feet? I don't mean the floor of your apartment, or the pavement you walk on, but rather what the Earth is actually made of. Unfortunately, we cannot crack the Earth open like an egg, s0 much of what scientists know about the Earth's internal structure is based on analysing earthquake waves.
你有没有想过你脚下有什么?我指的不是你公寓的地板，也不是你走的人行道，而是地球实际上是由什么构成的。可惜的是，我们不能像打破鸡蛋一样把地球敲开，科学家对地球内部结构的那么多了解都是以分析地震波为依据的。
To find out more about the Earth's make-up, scientists have drilled very deep holes but none have reached the mantle as yet. The intense pressure and heat inside the Earth can close up a deep hole or break a drill. Choosing the right place to drill is also not easy. However, within a few years, scientists are hoping to drill into the mantle, which will help us better understand the geology of the Earth.
为了进一.步弄清楚地球的构成，科学家已经钻了非常深的洞，但至今还没有一个到达地幔。地球内部的巨大压力和热量会堵上深洞或破坏钻机。选择正确的钻洞地点也并非易事。但是，科学家希望在几年内钻入地幔，这将帮助我们更好地了解地球的地质。
Studying the inside of the Earth has other benefits too. Some scientists are looking at exciting possibilities for life above ground. It has been discovered that under certain extreme conditions of pressure and temperature, water forms ice cages that trap hydrogen inside. This may help solve the storage problem of hydrogen and pave the way for cars to run on hydrogen fuel. Other scientists hope that research into microorganisms deep inside the Earth would cast light on the origin of life. Almost every living thing on our planet depends on energy from the sun. However, the microorganisms in a goldmine of South Africa survive where the sun never shines, relying on energy from certain rocks. Therefore, if life on the Earth can survive deep underground without sunlight, could life also be thriving beneath the surface of Mars?
研究地球内部还有其他好处。一些科学家正在研究对地上生物而言令人激动的可能性。人们已经发现，在某些极端的压力和温度条件下，水会形成储存氢的冰笼。这可能有助于解决氢的储存问题，并为氢燃料驱动的汽车铺平道路。其他科学家希望，对地球深处的微生物的研究能让人们了解生命的起源。我们星球上几乎每一个生物都依赖于来自太阳的能量。然而，南非某一金矿中的微生物在太阳照射不到的地方生存，依靠的是某些岩石提供的能量。因此，如果地球上的生物能够在没有阳光的地下深处生存，那么生命是否也可以在火星的表面之下繁衍生息呢?
The next time you take a walk, think about the importance of what lies beneath your feet. Surely, a study of the inside of our planet would lead to exciting and enlightening discoveries, and benefit all who walk upon it. Crust: a thin layer of rock on the Earth's surface
Mantle: rock below the crust and surrounding the core
Core: extremely hot, liquid iron mixed with other hot, slow-moving components, covering a solid centre, which is the innermost part of the Earth
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下次你散步的时候， 想想你脚下之物的重要性。毫无疑问，对我们星球内部的研究会带来激动人心和有启发性的发现，会惠及所有行走在其上的人们。 地壳:地球表面的一层薄薄的岩石
地幔:地壳下方并环绕地核的、滚烫的、缓慢移动的岩石
地核:极其热的液态铁，混合其他成分，覆盖着固体的中心，是地球最深处的部分
Journey to the centre of the earth 地心之旅
What might we find if we could dig into the ground, and make a fantastic journey to the centre of the Earth? Man has wondered about it, written about it and made films about it. Why don't we go down, down, down…… with a bucket and Spade to find out?
如果我们能凿进地面，开启一趟前往地心的奇妙旅行，我们会发现什么呢?人类一直对此好奇，写过作品，拍过电影。我们为什么不跟小桶和小铲起，向下挖，向下挖，向下挖……去寻找答案呢? 4 metres There are no more earthworms.
122 metres We leave behind the deepest known tree roots of the wild fig tree of
South Africa.
2.400 metres The deepest underground laboratory, at Jinping,, China, is passed. 30,000 metres We are now at the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle
below. Here the pressure is like 131 elephant forming a tower on our head!
150,000 metres We are at the place where diamonds were formed between 1 and 3
billion years ago and then swept up to the surface.
750,000 metres We have 1ached the lower mantle and have 3,2280 elephants
standing on our head!
2.9 million metres We are about to head into the Earth's core. We now have about 17,000 elephants balanced on our head!
6 million metres We have reached our objective. We are now at the centre of the Earth with over 47.000 elephants on our head! But not to worry, it's over 6,000C here and So we were all cooked a long time ago!
4米 这里再也没有蚯蚓了。(什么?没有虫子!我的午餐没了.... 122米 我们超过了已知的最深的南非野生无花果树的树根。 2400米 (我们)经过了位于中国锦屏山的最深的地下实验室。
3万米 我们现在处于地壳和下面的地幔的分界处。在这里，压力就像有131
头大象在我们的头上形成一座塔! (现在，我真的头疼了! )
15万米 我们正在10亿至30亿年前钻石形成并被带到地表的地方。 75万米 我们已经到达下地幔，有3280头大象稳稳地站在我们的头上! 290万米 我们即将进人地核。现在有大约1.7万头大象站在我们的头上!
600万米 我们已经到达了我们的目标。我们现在处于地球的中心，有超过4.7
万头大象在我们的头上!但不用担心，这里的温度超过6000C，所以我们早就被烤熟了!(被压扁了，被烤熟了!这到底是谁的主意呀?)
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Unit 2Working the land Reading
Precision farming hits its target 精准农业正中靶心
When we think of farming, the first image that springs to mind might be of a farmer working in a field under the baking sun. Face covered in sweat, he might be walking through the field, carefully checking his crops before deciding what needs to be done. In modern times, however, this deep-rooted image of a traditional farmer is being changed. The collaboration between farming and technology has given rise to precision farming, an approach that equips farmers with the tools and data they need to make reliable decisions with remarkable accuracy. This evolution is having a positive impact on farming, while also providing better solutions to the world's pressing food problems.
当我们想到农业时，脑海中浮现的第一个画面可能就是烈日下一个农民在田地里干活。他满脸大汗，可能正在田间走动，仔细检查他的作物，然后决定需要做什么。然而，在现代，这种根深蒂固的传统农民形象正在被改变。农业和科技之间的合作催生了精准农业，这种方法为农民提供所需的工具和数据，使他们能够非常准确地作出可靠的决定。它旨在通过减少农场的投入和增加其产出，提升粮食生产，保护环境。这种发展正在对农业产生积极影响，同时也为解决世界紧迫的粮食问题提供更好的方案。
It is the advent of modern technology that has turned farming into a highly precise industry. This latest wave of innovation offers farmers information that is more detailed, measurements that are more accurate and solutions that are more effective. Therefore, precision farming is a data-driven approach to the improvement of food production with the primary goals of reducing a farm's input, increasing its output and better conserving the environment. These goals can be achieved with a combination of information-gathering tools like sensors, satellites and drones, and advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence(Al). With massive amounts of data on the state of their farmland gathered, analysed and processed in real time, farmers are able to give the best possible care to the crops that most need it at the most appropriate time and put their resources to the best use. As an added bonus, the decline in the amount of unnecessary chemicals minimizes potential threats to the environment.
现代技术的出现使农业变成了高度精准的行业。这一最新的创新浪潮为农民提供更详细的信息、更精确的测量以及更有效的解决方案。这些可以通过传感器、卫星和无人机等信息收集工具和人工智能(AI)等先进技术的结合来实现。通过实时收集、处理和分析有关农田状况的海量数据，农民能在最适当的时间给最需要的作物尽可能最好的照顾，充分利用好他们的资源。还有一个额外的好处，减少不必要的化学制品的用量使对环境的潜在威胁降到最低限度。
Precision farming boasts a diverse range of application capabilities at different stages of food production-monitoring, diagnosing, identifying and targeting. Soil sampling, an example of precision farming in its most fundamental form, provides an accurate means
for farmers to tend their crops. Field sensors check the soil's moisture, nutrient levels and pH levels, enabling farmers to monitor their crops at any time, from anywhere. As the data library builds up, \"a big picture\" of the soil is revealed so that farmers are able to accurately assess the condition of the soil in real time, identify potential
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problems and work out solutions accordingly. For instance, if the soil is found to be poor in nutrients, not only do farmers know that fertilizer is needed, they can also calculate the exact amount. Consequently, soil sampling makes it possible for farmers to create the ideal conditions for their crops to grow and manage their resources effectively at the same time.
精准农业在粮食生产的不同阶段有各种各样的应用能力-----监测、诊断、识别和定位。土壤采样，精准农业最基本的形式之一 ，为农民提供照料作物的准确手段。田间传感器检查土壤的湿度、养分水平和酸碱度，使农民能够随时随地监测农作物。随着数据库不断扩充，土壤的全貌被显示出来，这样农民就能够准确地实时评估土壤条件，发现潜在的问题并相应地制订解决方案。例如，如果发现土壤养分不足，农民不仅知道需要施肥，还可以计算出确切数量。因此，土壤 采样使农民可以为他们的作物生长创造最合适的条件，同时更有效地管理他们的资源。
While such applications are of enormous benefit, precision farming can reach a much higher level with the application of artificial intelligence. When used in farming machines, AI does contribute to increased crop yields as well as simplified crop tracking, harvesting and processing. AI-controlled machines can now plant and harvest more crops at faster speeds than humans ever could, while computer vision can distinguish weeds from crops. Moreover, algorithms based on data gathered by sensors, drones and satellites can work out site-specific management of the crops. With such efficiency and accuracy, this technology is ideal for farming crops that require delicate handling. For example, cotton farmers use drones with AI technology to carry out specialized tasks: they precisely remove the cotton plants' leaves by spraying chemicals only on the parts that need them. The drones autonomously navigate the fields, taking images of the crops, which are then analysed by software. Once the exact amount needed is determined, the drones spray the chemicals, while farmers can follow the whole process on a mobile device.
这些用途有巨大的好处，随着人工智能的应用，精准农业可以达到一个更高的水平。当人工智能应用于农业机器时，它的确有助于提高作物产量，并简化作物跟踪、收割和加工。人工智能控制的机器现在能以更快的速度比人类种植和收割更多的作物，而计算机视觉可以区分杂草和作物。此外，基于传感器、无人机和卫星收集的数据的算法可以解决特定地点的农作物管理问题。这项技术非常高效和准确，适合需要精细处理的农作物。例如，棉农使用配备人工智能技术的无人机执行专门的任务:它们只在需要的部位喷洒化学制品，精确地去除棉花植物的叶子。无人机在田间自主导航，拍摄作物图像，然后由软件进行分析。一旦确定所需的确切剂量，无人机就会喷洒化学制品，而农民可以在移动设备上跟踪整个过程。
Thanks to precision farming's close relationship with technology, the farming industry's capabilities can develop even further. Through the integration of 5G technology and the Internet of Things(loT), as well as advances in deep-learning technologies, not only will larger amounts of data be available, but they will be processed more efficiently. Consequently, precision farming will become more effective and have an even greater impact on how we grow our food. Without doubt, the push for future developments in precision farming will benefit all of us-it will contribute to a greener, healthier and better-fed planet.
由于精准农业与技术的密切联系，农业的能力将得到更进步的发展。 通过
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5G技术和物联网(IoT) 的结合以及深度学习技术的发展，不仅可以获取更海量的数据，而且可以更加高效地处理数据。因此，精准农业将变得更有效，并对我们如何种植粮食产生更大的影响。毫无疑问，推进精准农业的未来发展将使我们所有人受益------它将有助于建设 一个更绿色、更健康、养活更多人的星球。
Extended reading
Tea: China’s gift to the world
茶:中国馈赠给世界的礼物
Tea is currently the world's most popular drink, only after water. However, there was a time when tea was known only to the Chinese. So, how did tea originate in China? And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often describe something they really like as their \"cup of tea\"?
茶是当今世界最受欢迎的饮料，仅次于水。然而，曾经只有中国人知道茶。那么茶是如何起源于中国的呢?它又是如何征服世界，以至于人们经常把钟爱之
物称为他们的“那杯茶”?
While we know that tea drinking started in China, its true origin remains something of a mystery. Legend has it that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. Following his discovery, tea was used as medicine, included in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and noblemen. Eventually, it became a common drink enjoyed and embraced by all Chinese people.
尽管我们知道饮茶始于中国，但其真正起源依然是个谜。相传约5000年前，有干叶被吹人一锅沸水中， 神农氏便发现了茶。茶被发现后，用来入药，佐餐，后来又作为官员贵族的提神饮品。最终，它成了所有中国人都喜爱和接纳的日常饮品。
Over the years, as tea drinking became an important part of China's rich culture, the love of tea inspired many people to write about it. The great Tang poet Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language, \"On the high place the setting sun does shine. In the spring breeze, I sip my tea, sweet and fine.\" Lu Yu, a tea master, wrote The Classic of Tea, which remains the earliest and most famous detailed study on tea in the world, covering everything anyone could possibly want to know about Chinese tea.
古往今来，随着饮茶成为灿烂中华文化的重要组成部分，对茶的热爱也启发了许多人以茶为题的写作。唐代大诗人杜甫以诗意的语言描述其饮茶经历:“落日平台上，春风啜茗时。”茶学大家陆羽所著《茶经》是世界上现存最早、最著名、最详尽的茶学专著，涵盖了任何人可能想知道的有关中国茶的各种信息。
It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world.
When the Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses, the Tea Horse Road was born. Porters carrying back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes in the most terrible weather conditions, to trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses. Over time, the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa. Meanwhile, different sea routes also helped spread tea to other parts of the world. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when returning to Japan. Around the 1600s, tea was shipped to Europe from China by
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Portuguese and Dutch sea traders.
茶之美终将名扬四海，自然是不足为奇的。唐宋两朝需要强壮的藏马，而茶深受西藏人民的欢迎，于是茶马古道应运而生。背夫们背着沉重的茶砖，在最恶劣的天气条件下穿过大雪覆盖的险峻山道，用川滇两地的茶叶换回马匹。渐渐地，茶的馈赠进一步传至西亚。同时，诸多海路也有助于将茶传播到世界其他地方。早在唐代，有日本僧人来中国求学，回国时就带回茶籽和制茶工艺。大约在17世纪，茶叶又被葡萄牙和荷兰海商从中国运到了欧洲。
The well-known writer Lin Yutang summed up the power of tea when he said, \"There is something in the nature of tea that leads us into a world of quiet contemplation of life.\"
Tea drinking is not just about refreshing the mind and body but also about appreciating the harmony between man and nature.
茶有何力量，著名作家林语堂一语道出:“茶之为物，其特性引领我们进入一个默想人生的世界。”饮茶不仅关乎提神醒脑，而且关乎体悟人与自然的和谐。
From hillside to teacup从山坡到茶杯
Growing tea
Tea plants grow best in warm, humid regions with well-drained soil. Consequently, they grow well on steep hillsides where heavy rain can easily drain away.
China boasts many tea-growing areas, which can be divided into four distinct regions. Among them the south-west tea-growing region is the oldest while the region south of the Yangtze River produces the most tea in China.
种茶
茶树在温暖湿润、土壤排水好的地区长势最好。因此，在陡峭山坡，大雨能顺利排走，很适合茶树生长。
中国茶叶种植区众多，可划分为四个不同区域。其中西南茶区历史最悠久，而江南茶区中国产量最大。
[ Subheading 1]_________ 采茶
Tea bushes are grown in rows and cut to a height of about one metre, to allow tea pickers to easily harvest tea leaves. It takes up to five years for a tea bush to come to maturity, at which time the bud and top leaves are picked every few days. The tea-picking season may start as early as February and extend until late November.
茶树成排生长，修剪至一米左右的高度，以方便采茶者采摘茶叶。棵茶树成熟最多要花五年的时间，届时每隔几天采一次芽和顶叶。采茶季可早至2月份开始，一直持续到11月下旬。 [ Subheading 2]________ 制茶
The process of turning tea leaves into the tea we love to drink is both complicated and highly technical. There are commonly between two and seven procedures involved in the processing of the fresh tea leaves. Any addition or exclusion of these stages results in a different type of tea: green, yellow, white, black and oolong tea. Actually, all these different types of tea can be made from a single tea plant.
将茶叶变成我们喜欢喝的茶，其过程复杂，技艺高超。新鲜茶叶的加工过程通常涉及二至七道工序。这些工序的增减会导致不同种类的茶:绿茶、黄茶、白茶、红茶或乌龙茶。实际上，所有这些不同种类的茶可以由一种茶树制成。 [ Subheading 3]_________ 饮茶
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Tea can be enjoyed in many different ways. For example, the English drink their tea with milk, the Japanese enjoy powdered green tea, and in Morocco, mint tea is preferred. Tea drinking has also become part of many countries' culture. The English have their \"afternoon teaea drinking can be both a common daily practice and a near ceremonial experience.
饮茶的方式多种多样。比如，英国人喝茶加牛奶，日本人喜欢粉状的绿茶，摩洛哥人偏爱薄荷茶。饮茶也成了许多国家文化的一部分。英国人喝“下午茶”;中国当之无愧地被视为茶的诞生地，在这里，饮茶既可以是一种普遍的日常习惯，也可以是一-种近乎仪式的体验。
Unit 3 On the move
Reading
Self-driving cars—destination known?
自动驾驶汽车----目的地 已知吗?
Mr Zhang casually glances at the empty driver's seat and says, \"Destination Grand Hotel. Family mode. Start.\" The car responds immediately, easing smoothly into the busy traffic and avoiding obstacles on the road. Inside the car, the family have chosen their entertainment from a pop-up display panel, ready for the journey ahead. This imagined scene provides a likely future reality for self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles(AVs).
张先生漫不经心地看了-眼空荡荡的驾驶座，说道:“ 目的地格兰酒店。家庭模式。出发。”汽车立即响应，平稳驶入繁忙的车流，避开路上的障碍。车里面，一家人已经在弹出式显示面板上选好了娱乐项目，为前方的旅途作好准备。这个想象中的场景展示了自动驾驶汽车，也叫自主汽车，一种可能的未来的现实。
However, before this evolution in transport becomes a revolution, it must be fully understood how self-driving cars work. Put simply, self-driving cars must \"see\" and \"behave\" appropriately to be safe on the road. They do this through various hardware and deep-learning AI. Cameras as well as sensors like radar and lidar capture a variety of data from the external environment. Once the data is sent to the AI system, the \"brain\" of the car, it is analysed and put together like a puzzle so that the self-driving car can \"see\" its surroundings and determine its position. Meanwhile, the Al system identifies patterns from the data and learns from them. An action plan is then created to instruct the car how to \"behave\" in real time: stay in the lane, move into another one, speed up or slow down. Next, the necessary mechanical controls, such as the accelerator and brakes, are activated by the AI system, allowing the car to move in line with the action plan.
然而，在这种交通方式的变革成为一场革命之前，必须充分了解自动驾驶汽车的工作原理。简言之，要想在路上安全行驶，自动驾驶汽车必须恰当地“看”和“做”。它们通过各种硬件和深度学习人工智能(AI) 来实现。摄像头以及雷达、激光雷达等传感器从外部环境中获取各种数据。数据一日发送到人工智能系统，即自动驾驶汽车的“大脑”，立即被分析并像拼图一样被拼凑起来，于是汽车就能“看到”周围的环境并确定自身方位。同时，人工智能系统从数据中识别出模式，从中学习。然后一份行动计划被创建出来，用以指导汽车如何实时“行动”:沿车道行进，变道，加速或减速。接下来，人工智能系统激活油门、刹车等必要的机
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械操纵装置，让汽车按照行动计划行驶。
This may sound perfect in theory, but in reality technological barriers in AV
development exist. The self-driving car's perception system presents one. Road traffic in the real world is so complicated that unfamiliar or unexpected conditions may occur at any time. Since it is unreasonable for the database to include every possible object in every possible condition ahead of time, the system might not recognize everything on the road. In one tragic real-life case,a self-driving car's perception system failed to identify a white truck against the bright, sunlit sky. It assumed that there was no obstacle in its path and did not activate the brakes, causing the death of the driver in the self-driving car. Accidents like this pose the question of how self-driving cars can better learn and improve their behaviours on the road to ensure safe journeys.
这理论上听起来很完美，但实际上，自动驾驶汽车的开发还存在技术障碍。其感知系统就是一个例子。真实世界中的道路交通如此复杂，以至于不熟悉或意外的情况时有发生。既然数据库将每种可能发生的情况下的每个可能存在的物体都预先包含是不合理的，系统就无法识别路上所有东西。在一个悲惨的真实案例中，一辆自动驾驶汽车的感知系统未能从明亮晴空的背景下识别一辆白色卡车。它只当行进路线上没有障碍物，没刹车，导致自动驾驶汽车的司机死亡。此类事故提出了这样一个问题，即自动驾驶汽车怎样才能更好地学习，改进行驶中的行为以确保安全出行。
Another aspect that needs careful consideration is the ethical responses self-driving cars would make in specific circumstances. The Trolley Problem is often used to discuss difficult ethical choices they may face. For example, should those in the self-driving car always be protected first even if it means endangering the lives of pedestrians? Should a self-driving car hit a single pedestrian to avoid crashing into a group of pedestrians? And would it make a different decision if the pedestrian were a child or a senior citizen? The moral dilemma that comes with how to ethically program self-driving cars has yet to be resolved. 另一个需要仔细斟酌的方面是自动驾驶汽车在特定情况下的伦理反应。人们经常援引“电车难题”来讨论自动驾驶汽车可能面临的棘手的伦理抉择。例如，自动驾驶汽车内的人是否应该始终受到优先保护，即使这意味着危及行人的生命?为避免撞到一群行人，自动驾驶汽车是否应该去撞一个行人? 这个行人如果是一个小孩或老人，自动驾驶汽车会作出不同的决定吗?如何编写程序让自动驾驶汽车合乎伦理，这个问题带来的伦理困境尚待解决。
Besides such ethical concerns, the legal situations the AV industry is likely to be confronted with have fuelled heated debates. In this emerging industry, manufacturing and programming standards are not yet uniform. Moreover, the quality and safety of AV technology is still being challenged. This could lead to extraordinary cases like who should be held responsible when self-driving cars are involved in accidents-should it be the driver, the software programmer or the manufacturer? Manufacturing and programming standards first have to be agreed upon to make it possible for law courts to decide who is at fault when things go wrong. As advances in AV design and technology are in progress, the final agreement on laws and regulations in this industry remains to be seen.
除了这些道德方面的担忧，自动驾驶汽车行业可能面临的法律处境已经引发了激烈争论。在这个方兴未艾的行业里，制造和编程标准尚未统一。此外，
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自动驾驶汽车技术的可靠性和安全性依然受到质疑。这会导致一些意想不到的情况，例如，当自动驾驶汽车发生事故时，责任该由哪一方承担一 是 自动驾驶汽车的司机，软件程序员，还是生产商?首先要有统一的制造和编程标准，法庭才能在出现问题时裁定谁有过错。自动驾驶汽车的设计和技术正在不断进步，而管理该行业的法律法规的最终-致尚待确定。
There can be little doubt that, despite all the challenges, self-driving cars will form part of our future. The question is, what is next? Some argue that self-driving cars should be allowed to operate without human control, while others are more cautious and believe that human operation, even if limited, is necessary in successful AV design. Only time will reveal its true path. While the journey ahead is not without obstacles, the eventual destination is bound to be another milestone for humankind's amazing vision and inventiveness.
毫无疑问，尽管困难重重，但自动驾驶汽车将成为我们未来重要的一部分。问题是接下来会怎样?有些人主张应该让自动驾驶汽车在无人控制的情况下运行，而另一些人则更谨慎些，认为人工操控，即使是有限的，仍然是有必要的。只有时间才能揭示出正确的道路。虽然前方绝非坦途，但最终目的地必将成为人类惊人远见和创造力的又一座里程碑。
Extended reading
Racing towards the future: a look at China’s high speed rail network
奔向未来:中国高速铁路网一瞥
In the distance, a white bullet-nosed train is thundering down the track. It grows larger by the second until it eventually slows and glides past the lines of waiting passengers. As it eases to a stop, its doors open with a hiss and the passengers board with eager anticipation. Then the doors close and the train departs exactly on time, its progress barely noticed as it quickly and silently gathers speed. Seated comfortably in the well-equipped, spacious carriages, the passengers know that their journey ahead will be both effortless and relaxing. 远处，一列白色子弹头火车正沿轨道呼啸而来。每一瞬间车身都变得更大，直到最终减速级行，滑过一排排候车的旅客。火车慢地停下来，车门发出嘶嘶声、打开了，旅客们满怀期待地上了车。然后，车门关闭，火车准点发车，它的行进几乎察觉不到，因为它悄无声息地飞快提速。舒适地坐在设备齐全、空间宽敞的车厢里，旅客们知道他们前方的旅程将会是轻松自如的。
Such scenes of contented passengers being swiftly transported to their destinations are repeated many times a day all over China, as far as the high-speed rail(HSR) network extends. Since 2008, the HSR network has transported over 10 billion passengers, setting a world record. There are now more than 3,000 high-speed trains running daily, some reaching speeds of up to 350 kilometres per hour, the fastest in the world of train transport. Already covering 92 per cent of cities with populations that exceed halfa million as of 2020, the HSR network reaches every corner of the country. With an overall length of around 40,000 kilometres in operation, it not only greatly enhances the national railroad's efficiency, but also serves as the engine that keeps the country's economic lifeblood flowing.
旅客们心满意足地被飞快送到目的地，这种场景每天都在中国各地无数次重演，远至高速铁路网延伸的地方。自2008年起，高速铁路网已运载100多亿旅客，创造了世界纪录。现在每天有超过7000多列高铁在疾驰，有些时速可达350
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公里，是世界火车运行速度之最。高速铁路网有总长约4万公里的高铁运营里程，覆盖中国大陆所有省区市。它不仅大大提高国家铁路的运行效率，而且成为国家经济命脉流动的引擎。
However, China's high-speed rail network was not built overnight. The HSR project began in the 1990s and it has grown enormously since then. A key milestone was the release of the HSR network blueprint in 2004, when the plan for \"four vertical and four horizontal\" corridors was put forward. Twelve years later, it was upgraded to \"eight vertical and eight horizontal\" corridors. Today, China boasts the world's longest and most extensively used HSR network, and is rightly considered the world leader in HSR construction.
然而，中国的高速铁路网并非一蹴而就。高铁计划开始于20世纪90年代，自此进展非常迅速。一个重要里程碑是2004年高速铁路网蓝图的发布，当时“四纵四横”通道计划诞生。十二年后，该计划升级为“八纵八横”通道。今天，中国拥有世界上里程最长、使用最广的高速铁路网，成为当之无愧的高铁建设世界领跑者。
This enormous success is inseparable from the visionary leadership of the Communist Party of China as well as the great wisdom of the Chinese people. With innovation and perseverance, they have climbed over hurdles and passed one milestone after another. The Beijing-Shanghai line, the world's longest line built in one stage, has the fastest high-speed trains, reducing the travel time between Beijing and Shanghai from 14 hours to less than 5 hours. The Harbin-Dalian line, the first high-cold high-speed railway in the world, can operate at 350 kilometres per hour in temperatures as low as-40℃. The Beijing-Zhangjiakou line, the world's first smart high-speed railway, has set the standard for HSR automatic driving. The Fuxing Electric Multiple Unit (EMU), which made its debut in 2017, is another remarkable accomplishment that demonstrates technical skill in HSR design and construction. Developed and manufactured totally by China, the EMU train boasts modernized features, elegant designs and advanced technologies that are superior to those of previous models. It is built with a longer lifespan and an energy-saving design to reduce air resistance. All these achievements showcase the wholehearted devotion of engineers, the tireless effort of railroad workers, and the strong support of all the Chinese people.
这个巨大的成功离不开中国共产党高瞻远瞩的领导和中国人民的伟大智慧。他们勇于创新，矢志不移，爬坡过坎，跨过一个又一个里程碑。京沪高铁线路是世界上一次建成最长、速度最快的高铁线路，将两地之间的通行时间从14小时缩短至不到5小时。哈大高铁线路是世界首条高寒高铁线路，可在低至40°C的温度下以350公里的时速运行。京张高铁线路是世界上第一条智能高铁线路，为高铁自动驾驶树立了标杆。2017 年首次亮相的“复兴号”电力动车组(EMU)是彰显高铁设计和建设专门]技术的又一项卓越成就。 “复兴号”完全由中国研发和制造，功能现代化，设计优雅，技术先进，优于以往车型。它使用寿命更长，并配有降低风阻的节能设计。所有这些成就展示了工程师的全身心投入、铁路工人的不懈努力以及全体中国人民的大力支持。
It is no surprise then that China's HSR network has grabbed the attention of the whole world. In the spirit of international cooperation, China has generously exported its technology and skills to many countries, and helped them construct high-speed railway lines. This is in line with the Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to revive
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the ancient Silk Road and connect the countries along the route. The World Bank has praised China's HSR success and its positive impacts which go well beyond the railway sector to include urban development, regional economic growth and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The HSR network has become a new symbol of China, and \"China Standard\" has become the \"World Standard\".
毫不意外，中国的高铁网吸引了全世界的目光。秉承国际合作精神，中国向许多国家慷慨输出了技术和技能，帮助他们建设高铁线路。这符合“一带一路”倡议，旨在复兴古代丝绸之路，连通沿线各国。世界银行称赞了中国高铁的成功及其积极影响，其影响远远不只是铁路领域，还涉及城市发展、区域经济增长和温室气体减排等方面。高铁网成为新的中国符号，“中国标准”成为“世界标准”。
In the past/Looking back, the HSR's path was filled with obstacles and achievements. Racing towards the future, China's HSR network will continue to grow, improving the lives of its people and strengthening unity among them. Now, it is shining a bright light on the track ahead to even greater success. So, sit back and enjoy the ride!
过去，高铁之路充满坎坷与成就。奔向未来，中国高铁网将继续发展壮大，改善人民生活，增进民族团结。如今，它照亮了通往前方更大成功的轨道。让我们坐下来，享受这段旅程吧!
Unit4 Fun with science Reading
The human microbiome: an invisible microuniverse
人类微生物群系:一个看不见的微宇宙
What organisms live with us, make up about two per cent of an adult's body mass, yet are invisible to the naked eye? They are the estimated 39 trillion microorganisms living in and on our body, like bacteria and viruses, which compose the human microbiome!
什么生物和我们共生，约占成年人体重的2%，而肉眼却看不见?它们是生活在我们体内和体表的约39万亿个微生物，比如细菌和病毒，它们构成了人类微生物群系!不过没必要恐慌，因为它们大多数都是对健康有益的。尽管极其微小，这些微生物会以巨大的意想不到的方式影响我们的身心。
But there is no need to panic, for most of them are there to keep us healthy. Even though incredibly small, these microorganisms influence our body and mind in big unexpected ways.
So, where do these microorganisms come from? Well, they have always been a part of us. Our very first birthday gift-three quarters of the essential microorganisms we need to survive and grow-is from our mother when we are born. By the time we reach two years old, we have our very own personal collection of microorganisms that reflects the various circumstances of our lives. Going through life, we further expose ourselves to foreign microorganisms, which cause a part of our microbiome to change every day. However, our core set of microorganisms, approximately two thirds, stays fairly constant throughout our lives.
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那么，这些微生物是从哪里来的呢?其实，他们一直是我们的一部分。我们的第一份生日礼物------我们]生存和成长所需的基本微生物的四分之三-------在出生时从母亲那里获得。到两岁时，我们就有了个人的微生物群，它们反映着我们生活的各种环境。生活中，我们进一步接触外来微生物，导致我们的微生物群系每天都在发生局部变化。但是，占比约三分之二的核心微生物群，在我们一生中是相当稳定的。
The make-up and state of our special blend of microorganisms affects us physically, including our immune system, weight and sleep patterns. Every day, the resident microorganisms in our bodies compete with the invading ones, preventing them from getting a foothold, thus helping form a strong immune system and keep us healthy. Similarly, the composition of our gut microbiome plays a vital role in regulating our body weight. Besides helping digest food, evidence indicates that gut microorganisms affect the way we store fat and respond to chemicals that make us feel hungry or full. As a result, without the proper mix of microorganisms in the gut, we might suffer from health problems like obesity. Added to this, microorganisms can influence certain aspects of our sleep patterns. If we stay up all night or travel rapidly through many time zones, we may interrupt the microorganisms' biological schedules, which is likely to cause a disturbance in our normal sleep routine.
我们特有的微生物混合体的构成与状态影响着我们的身体健康，包括我们的免疫系统、体重和睡眠模式。每天，我们体内的常驻微生物与入侵微生物竞争，阻止它们立足，从而有助于形成强大的免疫系统，让我们保持健康。同样，我们肠道微生物群系的构成在调节体重方面至关重要。除了能帮助消化食物，有证据显示，肠道微生物还会影响我们储存脂肪的方式，以及让我们产生饥饿感和饱腹感的相关化学品的应答方式。因此，如果肠道微生物组合出差错，就会引发肥胖等健康问题。此外，微生物还会影响我们睡眠模式的某些方面。如果熬夜或快速跨越多个时区，体内微生物的生物钟会被打乱，进而有可能干扰我们正常的睡眠习惯。
The influence of microorganisms reaches beyond physical health to our cognitive and psychological well-being. Believe it or not, gut microorganisms affect how well the brain functions. While scientists are still at the early stages of uncovering exactly how gut microorganisms communicate with the brain, they do know that the brain and the gut \"talk\" to each other. For example, when the body is stressed, ill or old, some gut microorganisms respond negatively, releasing harmful substances which may enter the brain through the bloodstream. When the immune system attacks these substances, it often kills healthy brain nerve cells. Furthermore, gut microorganisms help regulate brain chemistry with certain chemicals they produce, so an imbalance of beneficial and harmful microorganisms in the gut can negatively affect brain chemistry. These gut-brain interactions sometimes result in such problems as memory loss and depression. It is therefore important that we take good care of our gut microorganisms so as to improve our cognitive capabilities and enhance our psychological health.
微生物的影响不仅限于身体健康，还涉及我们的认知和心理健康。不管你信不信，肠道微生物会影响大脑功能。虽然科学家还处于探究肠道微生物与大脑交流方式的初级阶段，但他们的确知道大脑和肠道能相互“交谈”。例如，当身体压力大、生病或衰老时，一些肠道微生物会作出消极反应，释放一些有害物质，这些物质可能随血液进人大脑。免疫系统在攻击这些物质时，经常杀死健康的脑
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神经细胞。此外，肠道微生物用它们产生的某些化学品来帮助调节大脑化学结构，因此肠道中有益和有害微生物的失衡会对大脑化学结构产生负面影响。这种肠脑交互作用有时会导致诸如记忆力减退和抑郁等问题。因此，照顾好我们的肠道微生物，这很重要，可以提高我们的认知能力和改善我们的心理健康。
Given their importance, scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage of microorganisms within the field of human health. Successful projects have found ways to improve the immune system through microbiome transplants-using \"good\" microorganisms to replace \"bad\" ones. Furthermore, the findings of how the microbiome affects psychological health have given rise to a whole new class of medicines that could be used for treating serious mental illnesses, as well as relieving daily stress and anxiety. In the future, we might even be capable of developing \"microbiome vaccinations\" that could get rid of current health issues like obesity or malnutrition.
鉴于它们的重要性，科学家正在努力探究在人类健康领域利用微生物的方法。有些项目已经成功地找到了通过微生物群系移植来改善免疫系统的方法，即用“好”微生物取代“坏”微生物。而且，关于微生物群系如何影响心理健康的研究成果催生了一类全新药物，可用于治疗严重心理疾病，以及缓解日常压力和焦虑。未来，我们甚至可能研发出“微生物群系疫苗”，从而攻克肥胖、营养不良等现有的健康问题。
Microorganisms, those tiny creatures we carry around all our lives, have surprised us with their seemingly limitless potential. They will certainly reveal more secrets as researchers continue to explore their world. The invisible microuniverse is filled with endless possibilities waiting to be explored, just like the great universe out there.
微生物，那些伴随我们一生的小东西，它们似乎无穷无尽的潜力让我们震惊。随着研究者对微生物世界的持续探究，肯定会有更多奥秘被揭开。看不见的微宇宙就像那大宇宙一样，蕴含着无限可能，只等我们去发掘。
Bionics: where nature and technology intersect
仿生学:自然与技术的交汇点
Humans are curious by nature, and about nature. Perfected over billions of years, nature's forms and functions have inspired us to imitate it and develop materials and technologies that improve our lives. Consequently, a science known as \"bionics\" was born. Although the term \"bionics\" officially dates back to 1958, the practice is centuries old. It could be said that as far back as 2,500 years ago, Lu Ban, a carpenter in ancient China, was engaged in bionics when he produced a saw by copying the shape of a leaf's sharp teeth. Currently, bionics has scientists eagerly combing the natural world for original ideas to stimulate their creativity.
人类天生充满好奇心，对大自然(更是) 充满好奇心。经过几十亿年的日臻完善，大自然的形态和功能激励我们去模仿它，开发出改善我们]生活的材料和技术。因此，一门称之为“仿生学”的科学诞生了。虽然“仿生学”一词正式追溯到1958年，但这种实践已有几个世纪的历史。据说早在2500年前，古代中国的木匠鲁班就开始从事仿生学，当时他通过模仿树叶锋利的齿状制造了一把锯子。目前，仿生学促使科学家热切地在自然界中寻找有创意的想法，激发他们的创造力。
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The idea of taking inspiration from nature may sound simple; however, scientists often need to go to great lengths to effectively combine nature and innovation. Firstly, they must observe a living organism with the potential for offering solutions to a particular human problem. Secondly, during observation and data analysis, scientists should try to identify nature's own solutions, which may be used in design and engineering. Thirdly, further exploration is required to determine how the natural solution will fit in with human needs. Finally, they need to decide whether the solution can be recreated to develop a new product or perhaps improve an existing one, and how this can be achieved. This process may have to be performed several times and it may take scientists years of trial and error to perfect the product.
从大自然中汲取灵感的想法可能听起来很简单;然而，科学家经常需要不遗余力地将自然和创新有效地结合起来。首先，他们必须观察有可能为某一特定人类问题提供解决方案的生物。其次，在观察和数据分析过程中，科学家要努力发现自然自身的解决方案，这些方案可能被应用到设计和工程中。第三，科学家需要进一步探索，确定自然的解决方案如何与人类需求相适应。最后，他们需要决定是否可以再现该解决方案，以开发新产品或有可能改进现有产品，以及如何实现这一点。这一过程可能不得不操作好几次，科学家可能需要多年的反复试验才能完善产品。
Once scientists bridge the gap between nature and innovation, a path opens up to many novel ideas. One idea grew from observing the sunflower's spiral seed pattern, which is not just eye-catching, but also intelligent. The seeds grow at the \"golden angle\" of 137.5, ensuring all of them receive sunlight. To capture maximum sunlight, the sunflower's face also follows the sun's path. As capturing sunlight is the purpose of solar power plants, it is not surprising when engineers have decided to imitate the sunflower's natural solutions. Solar mirrors are arranged to copy the spiral seed pattern and positioned at the same \"golden angle\". The mirrors are also programmed to follow the sun, hence the solar plant functions exactly like a sunflower. The design is also eco-friendly, requiring less land to build on and less energy to operate. 一旦科学家跨越了自然和创新之间的鸿沟，就打开了-一条通往许多新奇想法的道路。一个 想法源自观察向日葵螺旋形的种子图案，这种图案不仅好看，还很聪明。种子都以137.5°的“黄金角度”排列，确保所有种子都能接受到阳光照射。为了最大限度地获得光照，向日葵的花盘也随着太阳的轨迹而转向。由于太阳能发电厂的目的就是要获得阳光，所以毫不奇怪，工程师决定模仿向日葵的自然的解决方案。阳光反射镜模仿螺旋形的种子图案而排列，并安装在相同的“黄金角度”处。镜子也被设定为随着太阳而转向，因此太阳能发电厂完全像向日葵一 样运行。太阳能发电厂也是环保的，需要用于建设的土地和用于运行的能源更少。
Equally exciting are the diverse possibilities provided by the animal kingdom. For example, research into the brilliant blue wings of a species of butterfly has led to innovative technologies since scientists uncovered the secret behind their bright colour. The wings of these butterflies are covered with tiny diamond-shaped structures that interact with light, causing some colour wavelengths to be cancelled out while intensifying and reflecting others. Inspired, scientists have recreated these microstructures that can be inset into legal documents and banknotes and produce a unique visual effect almost impossible to copy. A better understanding of the butterfly's vividly coloured wings has also led scientists to develop paints without
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using harmful substances, which not only last longer but are also more eco-friendly.
动物王国提供的各种可能性也同样令人激动。例如，在科学家发现了蝴蝶翅膀颜色鲜艳背后的秘密后，针对种蝴蝶的湛蓝翅膀的研究带来了创新技术。这些蝴蝶的翅膀上覆盖着微小的菱形结构，这些结构与光相互作用，使-些颜色的波长被抵消，而增强和反射其他颜色的波长。受此启发，科学家再现了这些微结构，将其嵌人到法律文件和纸币中，获得一种几 乎不可能复制的独特的视觉效果。进一步了解蝴蝶的色彩鲜艳的翅膀，还使得科学家研发出不使用有害物质的涂料，这种涂料不仅使用寿命更长，而且更加环保。
As we continue to study and appreciate the wonder of nature, it is certain that our future will see many more fascinating technological innovations. Bionics is set to move forward quickly with potential growth in the areas of vision, hearing, artificial limbs and wearable robotics. For example, inspired by the incredibly strong exoskeleton of insects, scientists and engineers are now building robotic suits. When worn, these exoskeletons can greatly improve the mobility, strength and load-bearing capabilities of the wearer. However, what we are witnessing today is just the tip of the iceberg. Once such obstacles as power supply, weight and range of motion are solved, exoskeletons will have even wider applications. Indeed, a real-life Iron Man could be waiting for us in the future!
随着我们继续研究和欣赏大自然的神奇，我们的未来会有许许多多不可思议的技术创新。仿生学要迅速向前发展，可能发展的领域有视觉、听觉、假肢以及可穿戴机器人科学。例如，受非常坚固的昆虫外骨骼启发，科学家和工程师现在正在建造机器人外套。当穿在人体上，这些外骨骼可以大大改善穿戴者的移动性、力量和承载力。然而，今天我们见证的只是冰山一角。- 一旦电源、重量和活动范围这样的障碍得到排除，外骨骼会有更广泛的应用。事实上，现实生活中的钢铁侠或许就在未来等着我们!
With such rapid advancements being made in bionics, we have come to realize how clever nature is and how much it can show us. As we work hard to make life better for everyone, it is possible that nature has the answers to our most urgent questions, and all we have to do is look for them. Nature not only provides our lives with a scenic backdrop, it could also prove to be our greatest teacher!
随着仿生学取得如此迅速的进展，我们已经逐渐认识到大自然是多么的聪明，它能向我们展示多少东西。当我们努力为每个人创造更好的生活时，大自然有可能为我们最迫切的问题提供答案，而我们所要做的就是寻找它们。大自然不仅为我们的生活提供了风景优美的背景，它也证明是我们最伟大的老师!
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