最常用的英语动词短语集萃

Break 的短语 ............................................................ 1 Bring的短语.............................................................. 2 Call的短语 ................................................................ 4 Come的短语 ............................................................. 6 Cut的短语 ............................................................... 10 Get的短语 ............................................................... 11 Go的短语 ................................................................ 17 Hold的短语 ............................................................. 22 Keep的短语 ............................................................ 24 Knock的短语 .......................................................... 26 Make的短语............................................................ 28 Put的短语 ............................................................... 29 Pay的短语 ............................................................... 31 Pick短语 ................................................................. 32 Send的短语 ............................................................. 32 Set的短语 ............................................................... 33 Stand的短语 ............................................................ 34 Take的短语 ............................................................. 35 Think的短语 ........................................................... 38 Turn的短语 ............................................................. 38 Lay的短语 .............................................................. 40 Pass的短语.............................................................. 42 Fall的短语 .............................................................. 42 Let的短语 ............................................................... 43 Hand的短语 ............................................................ 44 Pull的短语 .............................................................. 45 Work的短语............................................................ 46 Carry的短语............................................................ 47 Drop的短语 ............................................................ 48 Lie的短语 ............................................................... 48 Live的短语 ............................................................. 48 Push的短语 ............................................................. 49 Run的短语 .............................................................. 49 Do的短语 ................................................................ 51 Look的短语 ............................................................ 52

Break 的短语

▪ break away

A intransitive verb

1. (become detached, move away) 脱离

• to break away from [somebody]/[something] 脱离某人/某事物 • the young elephant broke away from the herd 小象离群了 2. (escape) «person, animal, boat, kite» 挣脱

• to break away from [somebody]/[something] 摆脱某人/某事物逃走 3. Sport «runner, cyclist» 领先

• to break away from [somebody]/[something] 甩开某人/某群 B transitive verb [break something away, break away something] 使脱离

• to break the shell away from the egg 剥去蛋壳

• part of the cliff had been broken away 悬崖的一部分已经崩落

▪ break down

A intransitive verb 1. (stop functioning) «machine, system» 发生故障 2. (fail) «negotiations» 失败; «relations» 破裂; «discipline, agreement» 失效; «moral values, system, coalition» 崩溃

3. (collapse mentally or physically) «person, health» 垮掉

• to break down under interrogation/torture 经不起质问/折磨而垮掉

4. (weep) «person» 失声痛哭 5. (be classified) «results, data» 分类 6. Chemistry, Biology «compound, substance, food» 分解 • to break down into [something] 分解成某物

B transitive verb [break down something, break something down] 1. (knock down) 撞倒 ‹door, barrier› 2. (overcome) 克服 ‹shyness, obstacle, attitude›; 瓦解 ‹resistance, opposition›

3. Chemistry, Biology (cause to separate into parts) 分解 ‹compound, substance, food›

• to break [something] down into [something] 把某物分解成某物

▪ break in

A intransitive verb 1. (enter forcibly) «thief, fire brigade» 破门而入 2. (interrupt) «noise, action» 打断

• to break in on [somebody]/[something] 打断某人/某事 • don't keep breaking in! 不要总插嘴！

B [break something in, break in something] transitive verb 1. (knock in) 砸破…进入 ‹box›

• the police broke the door in 警察破门而入

2. (wear, use) 把…穿得合脚 ‹shoes›; 使…合用 ‹false teeth, tennis racket›

3. Equitation 驯 ‹horse›

C [break somebody in, break in somebody] transitive verb 训练 ‹recruit, novice›

• to break [somebody] in gently colloquial humorous 逐渐驯化某人

▪ break into

transitive verb [break into something] 1. (enter by force) 闯入 ‹house, bank›

• firefighters broke into the burning building 消防员冲进燃烧的大楼

2. (open by force) 砸开 ‹safe, money box, car›

3. (start to use) 开启 ‹new box, new bottle› (resort to using) 动用 ‹emergency supplies, savings› 4. (pay with) 兑开 ‹note›

5. (encroach on) 占用 ‹leisure time›

• he doesn't want to break into his evening 他不想占用晚上的时间

1

6. (begin to do) 突然发出 ‹laughter, cheers› (change pace to) 突然加速 ‹run, trot›

• she broke into song 她突然唱起歌来

• the horse broke into a gallop 那匹马突然飞奔起来 7. (make headway in) 打入 ‹market, show business›

▪ break off

A intransitive verb 1. (snap off) «tip, twig» 折断 2. (stop doing sth.) 突然停止

• to break off from [something]/doing [something] 停止某事/做某事

• he broke off as his wife came into the room (stopped speaking) 妻子一进屋他便不讲话了 B [break off something] transitive verb (be snapped off) «end, handle, mast, twig» 从…处折断

C [break something off, break off something] transitive verb 1. (snap off) 折断 ‹handle, twig, mast, part›

• to break [something] off [something] 把某物从某处折断

• he broke off a piece of chocolate and gave it to me 他掰下一块巧克力给了我

• break a bit off the end 从末端折下一点 2. (stop) 中断 ‹activity, meeting› (terminate) 终止 ‹negotiations›; 断绝 ‹connection, relations› • to break off doing [something] 暂停做某事

• to break off [something] with [somebody] 与某人断绝某种关系 • they've broken off their engagement 他们取消了婚约

▪ break out

A intransitive verb 1. (start) «war, argument, plague» 爆发

• fire broke out on the third floor 大火是从三楼烧起来的 2. (appear) «spots, pimples» 突然冒出

• to break out over/on [something] 突然布满某处

• sweat broke out all over his body 他突然冒出一身汗 3. (escape) 逃脱

• to break out of [something] 逃出 ‹cage, trap› 摆脱 ‹routine, rut, depression› • to break out of prison 越狱

B transitive verb [break something out, break out something] 打开…使用

• shall we break out the champagne? 我们开了这瓶香槟酒吧？

▪ break out in

transitive verb [break out in something] 布满 ‹spots, pimples› • I broke out in a cold sweat 我冒出一身冷汗

▪ break through A intransitive verb 1. (force way through) «person, animal, vehicle» 冲过 • the army broke through 部队突围了 2. (succeed) 取得突破

• to break through in the fight against cancer 在抗癌方面取得突破

3. (appear) «moon, sun» 露出

B transitive verb [break through something]

1. (force way through) 冲破 ‹door, obstacle›; 穿透 ‹floor, ground›; 突破 ‹defence›

• the deer broke through the undergrowth 那只鹿穿过了矮树丛 2. (overcome) 克服

• to break through [somebody's] reserve 消除某人的矜持 3. (emerge from) «sun, moon» 从…后露出 ‹clouds, fog›

▪ break up

A [break something up, break up something] transitive verb

1. (reduce to pieces) 把…弄碎 ‹ice, table, chocolate›; 拆散 ‹machine, jigsaw puzzle›

2

• frost had broken up the surface of the road 严寒把路面冻裂了 • to break [something] up into [something] 把某物拆分成某物 2. (divide) 分 ‹estate, job, paragraph›

• to break up [something] into [something] 把某物分成某物

• the academic year is broken up into three terms 一学年分为三个学期 3. (make more interesting) 使…更有趣 ‹evening, journey, routine›

• to break up [something] with [something] 用某事物调剂某事物 • making food helps to break up the day 做饭可以使日子不至于太单调

4. (disperse) 解散 ‹party, meeting›; 驱散 ‹protest, crowd›; 制止 ‹fight›

• the troops used tear gas to break up the riot 军队使用催泪弹驱散了骚乱的人群

• break it up! (stop fighting) 别打了！ (disperse) 散开！ humorous (stop kissing) 别亲了！

5. (end) 使…解体 ‹empire, coalition›; 使…破裂 ‹marriage, relationship›; 拆散 ‹family›

• to break up a successful team 解散一支成功的球队

• this diplomatic incident broke up the alliance between the two countries 这一外交事件导致了两国联盟的解体 B [break somebody up.] transitive verb especially American colloquial (cause to laugh) 使大笑 C intransitive verb

1. (be reduced to pieces) «ice, rock, cake» 破碎; «clouds» 散开 • to break up into [something] 碎裂成某物 • the ship broke up on the rocks 船触礁解体了 2. (be divided) «empire, party» 分裂

• to break up into [something] 分裂成某物 3. (disperse) «meeting, demonstration, people» 解散 4. British School «school, students» 期末放假 5. (come to an end) «coalition» 解体; «marriage, relationship» 破裂

6. (end relationship) «couple» 分手

• to break up with [somebody] 与某人分手

• the band broke up in 2002 该乐队于2002年解散 7. Radio, Telecommunications 被干扰

• I can't hear you; you're breaking up 我听不到你说话；你的信号被干扰了

8. especially American colloquial (laugh) 大笑

▪ break with transitive verb

1. [break with somebody/something] (end relationship with) 与…断绝关系 ‹friend, family, church›

2. [break with something] (no longer follow) 摒弃 ‹tradition, old habits›

• to break with the past 彻底告别过去 Bring的短语

▪ bring about transitive verb 1. [bring about something, bring something about] (cause) 导致 ‹war, death, event, situation› • the mediators managed to bring about a settlement 那些调停人促成了和解 2. [bring somebody/something about] Nautical 使…掉头 ‹boat› • the helmsman brought us about 舵手把我们的船头掉转过来 ▪ bring along transitive verb [bring along something/somebody, bring something/somebody along] 带来 • to bring [something]/[somebody] along with one 带来某物/某人 ▪ bring around

transitive verb American = bring round

▪ bring back

A [bring something back, bring back something] transitive verb 1. (return) 把…带回来 ‹pen, memory, person›

• to bring [something] back from [something] 从某处带回某物 • to bring [something]/[somebody] back with one 带回某物/某人 • the path brought us back to where we had started from 我们顺着这条路回到了出发地

• the boat brought them safely back to shore 船把他们安全送回岸上

• she brought back a rather unfavourable impression of the city 她回来时对这座城市印象很差

• he forgot to bring back the book he had borrowed 他忘了归还借的书

2. (restore) 恢复 ‹discipline, health, democracy›

• a walk in the country will bring the colour back to your cheeks 到乡间走一走会使你的面色恢复红润

• we must try to bring her temperature back to normal 我们必须设法让她的体温恢复正常 3. (revive memory of) «smell, event» 使人想起 ‹experience, day› • to bring back memories (of [something]) 令人回忆（起某事物） B [bring somebody back, bring back somebody] transitive verb (resurrect) 使…起死回生 ‹person› (save life of) 使…苏醒 ‹person›

• to bring [somebody] back to consciousness/life 使某人恢复知觉/复活

▪ bring down

A [bring somebody/something down, bring down somebody/something] transitive verb 1. (carry from higher place) 把…拿下来

• to bring [something] down with one 随身把某物拿下来

• to bring [somebody] down [something], to bring [something] down for [somebody] 为某人把某物拿下来

• will you bring me down a drink? 给我拿杯饮料下来好吗？ 2. (cause to crash) 击落 ‹aircraft, pilot›

• he was brought down over France 他在法国上空被击落了 3. (cause to land) 使…着陆 ‹aircraft›

• the pilot brought us down safely 飞行员让我们安全着陆

4. (shoot) 打落 ‹bird›; 撂倒 ‹animal, person› (cause to fall) 使…跌倒 ‹person›; 使…坍塌 ‹building› 5. (overthrow) 推翻 ‹leadership, leader›

• the scandal brought the government down 这起丑闻使政府倒了台

B [bring something down, bring down something] transitive verb 1. (move downwards) 用…抽 ‹whip›

• he brought the cane down on the child's hand 他用笞杖打孩子的手

2. (reduce) 降低 ‹price, unemployment, temperature›

• a cold compress will bring down the swelling 冷敷可以消肿 3. literary or humorous (provoke) 招致 ‹anger›

• to bring down [something] on [somebody] 使某事降临到某人的头上

• you don't want to bring down his wrath 你可别惹他发火 4. Mathematics 把…移入下栏 ‹number, digit›

C [bring somebody down] transitive verb colloquial (depress) 使消沉

▪ bring forth

transitive verb [bring forth something, bring something forth] 1. formal (provoke) 招致 ‹reaction, complaint› 2. archaic (produce) 生产 ‹crops›; 结 ‹fruit› 3. archaic (give birth to) 生 ‹child›

3

▪ bring forward

A [bring something forward, bring forward something] transitive verb

1. (make sooner) 把…提前 ‹meeting, wedding› 2. (propose) 提出 ‹suggestion, question›

• I intend to bring this matter forward at the next meeting 我打算在下次会议上提出这件事情来讨论

3. (move forwards) 往前移动 ‹chair›; 往前梳 ‹hair› 4. Finance 把…转入下一栏 ‹figure, balance›

B [bring somebody forward, bring forward somebody] transitive verb (present) 把…带上来 ‹witness›

▪ bring in

A [bring something in, bring in something] transitive verb 1. (carry in) 把…带进来 ‹box, book›

• shall I bring in the dessert now? 现在可以上甜点了吗？

2. (introduce) 提出 ‹subject› Politics (present for debate) 将…提交讨论 ‹bill, reform›

• at this point the author brings in a new character 故事发展到这一情节时，作者引入了一个新人物 3. (start to use) 引入 ‹system, scheme› 4. Commerce (generate) 挣 ‹money›

• to bring [somebody] in [something], bring in [something] for [somebody] 为某人赚取某物 • our export business brought in £5 million last year 我们的出口业务去年赢利500万镑 5. Law «jury» 宣布 ‹verdict› 6. (harvest) 收获 ‹crop, fruit›

• we brought in a good harvest last year 我们去年收成很好 B [bring somebody in, bring in somebody] transitive verb 1. (attract) «shop, town, person» 吸引 ‹person, customer› 2. (to police station) 押…到警察局 ‹suspect›

• to bring [somebody] in for questioning 带某人到警察局讯问 3. (involve) 让…参与 ‹adviser, expert›

• to bring [somebody] in on [something]/to do [something] 使某人参与某事/做某事

• they have brought in a public relations adviser 他们聘请了一位公关顾问

• to be angry at not being brought in on the new housing proposal 因为新住房提案没有征求其意见而生气 4. (call in for help) 调来 ‹rescue workers, police›

▪ bring into transitive verb

1. to bring [somebody] into [something] (involve)使参与某事 • don't bring me into this! 别把我扯进去！

2. bring [something] into [something] (introduce)把…引入 ‹subject›

• he always manages to bring politics into the conversation 他谈话时总能扯上政治

▪ bring off transitive verb 1. [bring off somebody, bring somebody off] (rescue) «person, lifeboat, helicopter» 救出 ‹person, crew, passengers›

• to bring [somebody] off [something] 把某人从某处救出

2. [bring off something, bring something off] (achieve) 实现 ‹ambition, plan›; 达成 ‹deal›; 完成 ‹task›

• the goalkeeper brought off a superb save 守门员做出了精彩的扑救

▪ bring on

A [bring something on, bring on something] transitive verb 1. (cause to happen) «weather, noise» 引起 ‹rheumatism, nervous breakdown›

• a heart attack brought on by lack of exercise 缺乏锻炼引发的心

脏病

• to bring on labour 引产

2. (help to grow) 促进…生长 ‹crops, flowers, plants› B [bring somebody/something on, bring on somebody/something] transitive verb (cause to appear) 引…上场 ‹dancer, player›; 把…搬上场 ‹piano›

• to bring on the next contestant 让下一名选手出场 • to bring on a substitute 换上替补队员

C [bring somebody on, bring on somebody] transitive verb (help to develop) 帮助…进步 ‹student, athlete, player›

• they bring the children on too quickly at that school 那个学校对学生的培养操之过急了

▪ bring out

A [bring out something, bring something out] transitive verb 1. (remove from within) 取出

• to bring [something] out of [something] 从某处取出某物 2. (carry out) 带…出来

• to bring [something] out of [something] 把某人/某物从某处带出来

• to bring [something] out with one 把某物带出来

• did you bring your umbrella out with you? 你出来时带雨伞了吗？

• to bring [somebody] out [something], to bring [something] out for [somebody] 为某人拿出某物

3. Commerce (publish, launch) 出版 ‹book, magazine, record›; 推出 ‹product, film›

• it's about time they brought out a new edition 他们该出新版本了

4. (cause to grow) «sunshine, weather» 使…开放 ‹flower› 5. (cause to be displayed) 激发出 ‹quality, tendency, spirit›

• to bring out the best/worst in [somebody] 使某人表现出最佳/最差的一面

• disasters like these often bring out the best in people 在这样的灾难中人们往往会表现出最优秀的品质

• their pompous attitude brings out the worst in me 他们自负的态度把我惹火了

6. (accentuate) 突出 ‹detail, colour, sound›

• the carpet brings out the red in the curtains 地毯衬托出窗帘的红色

• to bring out the flavour of the vegetables 使蔬菜出味 7. (reveal) 揭示 ‹meaning, truth›

• his remarks brought out the gravity of the situation 他的话说明了情况的严重性

B [bring out somebody, bring somebody out] transitive verb 1. (cause to go on strike) 发动…罢工 ‹workers› • to bring [somebody] out on strike 发动某人罢工 2. (make more confident) «experience, activity» 使…自信 ‹person› • to bring [somebody] out of himself/herself 使某人克服羞怯心理

• he's very shy; we're trying to bring him out 他很腼腆，我们正努力使他放开一点

C transitive verb to bring [somebody] out in [something] (cause to be covered in) «food, heat, excitement» 使某人皮肤上布满某物 • chocolate brings me out in spots 我吃巧克力皮肤上会长斑 • the shock brought him out in a cold sweat 他惊出一身冷汗

▪ bring round British

A [bring something/somebody round, bring round something/somebody] transitive verb (carry, escort from one place to another) 把…带来

• to bring [something]/[somebody] round with one 带来某物/某人 B [bring somebody round, bring round somebody] transitive verb 1. (convince) 说服

• to bring [somebody] round to [something] 说服某人赞成某事 • she brought me round to the idea 她说服我同意了这个想法 2. (revive) «brandy» 使苏醒

4

C [bring something round, bring round something] transitive verb

1. (cause to move to other side) 把…移到另一边 ‹object› • bring the car round to the front of the house 把车开到房前 2. (manoeuvre)

• to bring the conversation round to [something] 把话题转到某事物上

• she always manages to bring the discussion round to politics 她总能把讨论内容引到政治上

▪ bring to transitive verb

1. [bring somebody to] (revive) 使苏醒

• to bring [somebody] to himself/herself 使某人苏醒 2. [bring something to] Nautical 停下 ‹boat›

▪ bring together transitive verb

1. (cause to touch) 连接 ‹ends, pieces›

• when the glue is almost dry, bring the two surfaces together 胶水快干时，把两个表面压到一起

2. (cause people to gather) 把人召集起来 (create bond between people) 使团结

• to bring the two sides together 促使双方进行商谈

• our mother's illness brought us closer together 母亲生病使我们更加亲密无间了

• their love of sailing brought them together 对帆船运动的热爱使他们走到了一起

▪ bring up

A [bring somebody up, bring up somebody] transitive verb 1. (rear) 抚养 ‹child›

• well/badly brought up 有/没教养

• to bring [somebody] up to do [something] 从小教育某人做某事 • I was brought up on a farm 我是在农场长大的

• my parents brought me up very strictly 我父母对我管教很严 2. (escort from lower place) 带上来 3. (cause to stop) 使急停

• his remark brought her up short 他的话把她噎了回去

• the sight of the gun brought us up sharply 我们一看到枪就停下脚步

4. Law (present for judgement) 传讯

• to bring [somebody] up before the judge 传讯某人到法官面前 • he was brought up on a charge of drunken driving 他因被控酒醉驾驶受到传讯

B [bring something up, bring up something] transitive verb 1. (carry from lower place) 把…拿上来

• to bring [something] up with one 随身把某物拿上来

• to bring [somebody] up [something], to bring [something] up for [somebody] 把某物给某人拿上去

• can you bring me up a glass? 给我拿个杯子上来好吗？ 2. (improve) 改进 ‹work›; 提高 ‹standard, salary› • to bring [something] up to standard 使某事物达标 3. (vomit) 呕出 ‹food, meal›

4. (mention) 提出 ‹question, subject›

• I'm sorry, I won't bring it up again 对不起，我不会再提这件事了

Call的短语

▪ call at transitive verb [call at something] especially British «vehicle» 在…停留

• the trains calling at Oxford 在牛津停留的列车

• the ship calls at a number of ports 这艘船在很多港口停靠

▪ call away

transitive verb [call somebody away] 把…叫走

• the doctor had been called away to an urgent case 医生被叫去看急诊了

▪ call back

A [call somebody back] transitive verb 1. (summon by shouting) 叫…回来 2. (telephone again) 再给…打电话 3. (telephone in return) 给…回电话

B [call somebody back, call back somebody] transitive verb 召回 ‹representative, diplomat, minister› C intransitive verb

1. (telephone again) 再打电话 2. (telephone in return) 回电话 3. (visit again) 再次拜访

• sorry, they haven't come in yet: call back next week 抱歉，还没到货，下周再来吧

▪ call by

intransitive verb 顺便拜访

• I'll call by some time and pick them up 我会找个时候顺便去一趟把它们取走

▪ call down

A transitive verb

1. [call somebody down] (summon from above) 叫…下来

2. [call down something, call something down] literary (invoke) 激起 ‹anger›; 祈求 ‹wrath, vengeance›

• he called down curses on his enemies 他诅咒敌人 B intransitive verb (shout from above) 朝下面喊叫

▪ call for

A [call for somebody/something] transitive verb

1. (summon by shouting) 叫…来 ‹person›; 叫人拿来 ‹object› • the queen called for her advisers 女王宣召了顾问大臣 • to call for help/assistance 大声呼救/喊人帮忙

2. (go/come to collect)去接/来接 ‹person›; 去取/来取 ‹object› B [call for something] transitive verb 1. (demand) 要求

• they are calling for talks to be extended 他们要求延长会谈 2. (require) 需要

• this calls for a celebration! 这该庆祝一下！ • that was not called for! 多此一举！

▪ call forth transitive verb [call forth something, call something forth] literary «situation, action, speech» 引起 ‹response, emotion›

▪ call in

A transitive verb

1. [call somebody/something in, call in somebody/something] (summon inside) 叫…进来 2. [call in somebody, call somebody in] (send for) 召来 • to call in a doctor/the police 叫医生/警察来 3. [call in something, call something in] (recall) «government, bank, library, company» 要求收回 ‹currency, library book, product›

• the manufacturers have called in all cars of this model 生产商已经把这一型号的车全部召回了 4. Finance 要求还清 ‹loan› B intransitive verb 1. (pay visit) 拜访

• to call in at the baker's 去面包店

• he called in on his friend on the way home 他在回家路上顺便去看望了朋友

2. (telephone) 打电话来 • to call in sick «employee» 打电话请病假

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▪ call off

A [call something off, call off something] transitive verb 1. (cancel) 取消 ‹event› 2. (halt) 停止 ‹search, investigation, strike›; 解除 ‹engagement, arrangement, deal› B [call somebody/something off, call off somebody/something] transitive verb (order to stop attacking) 命令…停止攻击

• call your men off 叫你的人住手 • call the dog off 把狗叫开

▪ call on

A [call on somebody] transitive verb (visit) 拜访 • I called on her yesterday 我昨天去看望了她

B [call on somebody/something] transitive verb = call upon

▪ call out

A [call something out, call out something] transitive verb (say loudly) 大声说出

• ‘what do you want?’I called out “你想要什么？”我喊道 B [call somebody out, call out somebody] transitive verb 1. (summon outside, away) 把…叫出来

2. (send for) 召来 ‹specialist, emergency services, troops›

• if the storm continues, we'll have to call out the lifeboat 如果暴风雨不停，我们就必须呼叫救生船 3. (on strike) 下令…罢工

• the shop steward called the union members out on strike 工会谈判代表下令工会会员罢工 C intransitive verb 大声呼喊

• to call out to [somebody] 对某人大喊

• to call out for [somebody]/[something] 喊着要某人/某事物

▪ call over transitive verb

1. [call somebody over, call over somebody] (summon by shouting) 叫…过来

2. [call somebody over] (invite) 请来

▪ call round

intransitive verb British 来访

• do call round when you have the time 你有时间一定要来看我 • I'll call round this afternoon and pick it up 我今天下午去一趟，把它取走

▪ call up A [call up somebody/something, call somebody/something up] transitive verb

1. (telephone) 给…打电话 ‹person, organization, number› 2. (supernaturally) 用魔法召唤 ‹spirit›

• the medium called up the ghost of my grandmother 灵媒让我的祖母显灵了

3. Military (conscript) 征召…入伍

4. Military (summon) 召集 ‹reinforcements, troops› 5. Sport 选拔 ‹player, reserve› 6. (evoke) 使人想起

• the church called up memories of our wedding day 教堂勾起了我们婚礼那天的回忆

7. Computing 打开 ‹program, data› B intransitive verb 1. (telephone) 打电话

2. (shout from below) 朝上面喊叫

▪ call upon

A [call upon somebody] transitive verb 1. (invite) 邀请

• I'd now like to call upon our next speaker 现在有请下一位发言人

• to call upon [somebody] to do [something] 请某人做某事 2. (urge) 要求

• to call upon [somebody] to do [something] 要求某人做某事 • I feel called upon to warn you that ... 我觉得我应该警告你… • they delivered a petition calling upon the government to ban vivisection 他们递交了一份请愿书，呼吁政府禁止活体解剖 3. (appeal to) 求助于

• to call upon [somebody] for [something] 恳求某人给予 ‹help, support›

B [call upon something] transitive verb (make use of) 利用

• we may need to call upon your services 我们可能有用到你的地方

• you will have to call upon all your patience and courage 你得拿出全部耐心和勇气 Come的短语 PHRASAL VERBS

▪ come about intransitive verb 1. (happen) 发生

• how did the discovery come about? 这一发现是如何产生的？ 2. Nautical 转向

▪ come across

A intransitive verb 1. (be conveyed) «idea, feeling» 得以传达

• his meaning didn't come across 他的意思没说清楚

• her love of animals came across 她表现出了对动物的关爱 2. (give impression) 留下印象

• he came across badly/well 他给人留下了很坏/很好的印象 • she came across as honest/an expert 她给人的印象很诚实/是个行家

B transitive verb [come across somebody/something] 1. (encounter) 遇见 ‹person›; 遇到 ‹story, problem› 2. (by chance) 碰到 ‹old friend›; 偶然发现 ‹lost object›

▪ come after

A transitive verb [come after somebody/something] 1. 追赶

• he came after me with a gun 他拿着枪来追我

2. (be situated)位于…之后 (in importance)不如…重要 B intransitive verb

1. (follow) 在…之后进行 2. (succeed) 是继承人

▪ come along intransitive verb 1. (arrive) 到达 2. (attend)

• to come along to 来参加 ‹event›

• come along if you're free 你有空的话一定要来 3. come along! (hurry)快点！ (come here)过来！ (keep going)加油！ 4. come along with ... (accompany)与…一起来 5. (turn up) «person, fame» 出现

• if the chance comes along 一旦有机会

• to wait for success to come along 等待成功的到来 6. (make progress) «student, skill» 进步; «injury, invalid» 好起来; «plant, garden» 生长; «project» 进展

• how's the dinner/thesis coming along? 晚饭吃得/论文写得怎么样了？

• my new play isn't coming along very well 我的新剧本写得不太顺利

▪ come apart intransitive verb 1. (fall apart) «toy, device» 破碎; «shoes, clothes» 裂

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开; «bundle» 散开

• the camera came apart in my hands 照相机在我手中散架了 2. (be designed to be dismantled) «toy, machine» 可拆卸 • the bed comes apart 这张床可以拆卸 3. (be separable) «pages, components» 可分开

▪ come around

intransitive verb especially American = come round

▪ come at

transitive verb [come at somebody/something] 1. (rush towards) «attacker» 向…扑来 2. figurative (be directed at) «questions, facts» 向来; «abuse, complaints» 向…袭来 3. (approach) 考虑

…涌

▪ come away intransitive verb 1. (leave) 离开

2. (move away) 走开

• come away from the window! 离开窗口！ 3. (end up)

• to come away disappointed/with a feeling of guilt 失望/内疚地离开

4. (become detached) «knob, wallpaper» 脱落; «meat on bone» 分离

• the shelf has come away from the wall 架子从墙上掉下来了

▪ come back intransitive verb 1. (return) 回来

• come back soon! 早点回来！ • to come back home 回家

• to come back to [somebody] 回到某人身边 2. (turn back) «letter, person» 返回 3. (visit again) 再来 4. (recur) «feeling» 再次出现; «rash, fever» 复发

• the colour is coming back to her cheeks 她的脸上又有了血色 • warm weather should come back next week 下周天气又将回暖 5. (recover) «person, team» 扳回

• to come back from a losing position 扭转不利局面 6. (be recalled) «event» 被回想起来; «memory, skill, language» 恢复

7. (reply) 回应 (in writing) 回复

• to come back with a better offer 以更优厚的报价答复 • to come back with a sharp reply 给予尖锐反驳 8. (be popular again) «fashion» 再度流行

• miniskirts have come back 超短裙又开始流行了 9. (be restored) «system, law» 恢复; «regime» 复辟

• capital punishment will never come back 死刑将永不恢复 10. (after death) 复活

• to come back as [something] 来生做某物

▪ come back to

transitive verb [come back to something] 回到

• to keep coming back to the same topic 总是回到同一个话题 • to come back to what you were saying, ... 回到你刚才所说的问题，…

▪ come before

transitive verb [come before somebody/something] (be presented for discussion or decision) «question, case» 交由…讨论 ‹panel, board›

• to come before the court/judge 提交法庭/法官审理

▪ come between

transitive verb [come between somebody and somebody]

1. (divide) «person, belief» 使失和

• don't let this come between us 别因此伤了我们的和气 2. (prevent from achieving, pursuing) 妨碍

• to let a problem come between [somebody] and [something] 因一个问题而妨碍某人做某事

• nothing comes between me and my football! 没什么能阻碍我对足球的喜爱！

▪ come by

A intransitive verb 1. colloquial (visit) 串门

• to come by for a chat 来这里聊聊天

• you must come by with the baby 你一定要带着宝宝来坐坐 2. (get past) «vehicle, person» 过去

• do you want to come by? 你想过去吗？ • let the car come by 让车先过去

B transitive verb [come by something] 1. (call at) 来…一趟

• can you come by the office on your way home? 你回家时能顺便来办公室一趟吗？

2. (get) 获得 ‹fame, success›; 得到 ‹money, wealth, property› • to come by an injury 受伤 • hard to come by 很难找到

▪ come down intransitive verb 1. (move lower) «person, blind, cable car» 下来 • to come down from [something] 从某处下来

• what goes up must come down 怎么来的还得怎么去 2. Theatre «curtain» 落下 3. Meteorology «rain, mist» 降下

• to come down in torrents 大雨滂沱 • the fog came down 起雾了 4. Aviation (land) «pilot, plane» 着陆 (crash) 坠落 5. (fall) «tree» 倒下; «house» 倒塌; «hem» 垂下 • to come down in a storm 在暴风雨中倒塌 6. (be demolished) 被推倒 7. (be removed) «picture, curtains» 被摘下

• it's time the picture came down 该把那幅画拿下来了 8. (from north) 南下 (from larger place) 下来 • to come down for a few days 过来住几天 • to come down from London 从伦敦过来 9. to come down to [something] (reach) «hair, dress» 垂及

• his trousers barely came down to his ankles 他的裤脚刚及脚踝 10. (decrease) «temperature, pressure, demand» 下降; «price» 下跌 • to come down from 5% to 1% 从5％降到1％ 11. (be passed on) «tradition, property» 传下来 • to come down to [somebody] 传给某人

• [something] that has come down through the ages 世代流传的某事物

• to come down from the Middle Ages 从中世纪流传下来 12. Administration (decide) 决定

• to come down against [somebody] 宣布反对某人

13. British University dated [尤指从牛津或剑桥大学] 毕业

▪ come down on

transitive verb [come down on somebody/something] (rebuke) 斥责 (criticize) 指责 (penalize) 处罚 (punish) 惩罚 ⇨ ton 1.

▪ come down to

transitive verb [come down to something] 可归结为 • it comes down to ... 实质上是…

• what it came down to was that ... 归结起来就是…

▪ come down with

transitive verb [come down with something] 生…病

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▪ come forward intransitive verb

1. (move to front) 走上前来 (towards speaker) 过来 2. (step up)

• to come forward as 主动来当 ‹witness, volunteer› • to come forward to join [something] 前来参加某事 • to come forward with 主动提供 ‹information, offer› • to come forward to give evidence 站出来作证

▪ come from

transitive verb [come from something] 1. (be obtained from) «substance» 由…制成 (be produced in) «product» 产自

• to come from far and wide 来自四面八方

• wine comes from grapes 葡萄酒是用葡萄酿制的 • the fabric comes from China 这种布料产自中国 2. (be derived from) «word» 源于 ‹language› • to come from Old English 源自古英语 3. (originate from or in) «song, quotation» 出自 ‹book, musical, collection›; «person, object» 来自 ‹place›; «noise, smell» 从…传来 ‹place›; «attitude, style»源于 ‹experience, era›

• coming from him, that's quite a compliment! 从他嘴里说出来，那可是相当高的赞誉呢！

• where do you come from? 你是哪里人？ 4. (be descended from) 出身于

5. I see where you're coming from colloquial 我明白你的意思了

▪ come in

intransitive verb 1. (enter) 进来

• come in! 请进！ 2. (penetrate) «water» 渗入; «wind, air» 进入

• rain came in through a hole 雨水从洞里漏进来了 3. (towards land) «tide» 上涨; «flotsam, smell» 上岸

• a cool wind coming in from the sea 海上吹来的一阵凉风 4. (arrive) «train, plane, ship» 到达

• has the Glasgow train come in yet? 从格拉斯哥来的列车到站了没有？

5. (finish in race) 取得…名次

• she came in third 她获得第三名 6. (be earned) 被挣得

• money coming in from investments 投资所得的收入 7. (be received) «letter, report» 送达

• the telephone bill hasn't come in yet 电话账单还没收到 • letters came in from all over the country 信从全国各地寄来 8. (return) 回来 (go home) 回家 9. Sport «batsman» 开球 10. Politics «candidate» 当选; «party» 开始执政 11. (become popular) «fashion» 流行

• to come in in the 1960s 流行于20世纪60年代 12. (come into use) 开始被采用

13. (be available) 到货 (be in season) 上市

• winter clothes come in as early as August 冬装早在八月就已到货

• strawberries don't come in until June 草莓要到六月才上市 14. (start off) 开始 15. (interject) 插话

• let me come in here ... 说到这儿我来插句话吧… 16. Telecommunications (reply) 回答 • come in, please 请回答 17. (participate) 参加

• to come in on [something] 参与 ‹deal, venture› • to come in on a project 加入某项目 18. colloquial (serve a purpose) 起作用

• where does Sue come in? 苏与此有何关系？

• we need A, B, and C — where does C come in? 我们需要A、B

和C──要C干嘛？ 19. (prove to be)

• to come in handy or useful «item, skill» 会有用 • to come in handy or useful as [something] «item, skill» 可派上某用场

▪ come in for

transitive verb [come in for something] 受到 ‹criticism, praise›

▪ come into

transitive verb [come into something] 1. (inherit) 继承

• to come into a fortune 继承一笔财产 2. (be relevant) • to come into it «skill, age, quality» 重要

• good health also comes into it 身体健康也很重要

▪ come of

transitive verb [come of something] 是…的结果 • no good will come of this 这不会有好结果的

• this is what comes of being soft-hearted 这就是心软的下场

▪ come off

A intransitive verb 1. (fall off) «hat, button, cover» 掉下; «rider» 摔下 2. (become detached) «knob, wheel» 脱落; «paint, wallpaper» 剥落

• the label won't come off 标签撕不下来 • to come off on [something] «lipstick» 印到…上 ‹collar› 3. (be removed) «clothes» 被脱掉; «lid, hood, glasses» 被取下 • my ring won't come off 我的戒指脱不下来了 4. (wash off) «stain, writing» 被去掉 • to come off with a damp cloth «mark» 被用湿布擦去 • indelible ink doesn't come off 不褪色墨水是擦不掉的 5. (on exit road) 驶离公路

• to come off at junction 2 在2号岔口驶下高速公路 6. Sport 被换下场 7. (take place) «event» 举行; «show» 举办; «deal, merger» 发生 • did your trip to France ever come off? 你的法国之旅成行了吗？

8. colloquial (fare)

• to come off worst/best 彻底失败/大获全胜 • to come off the winner/loser 成为赢家/输家

• we came off quite well in that deal 我们那笔生意谈得不错 9. colloquial (succeed) «attempt, trick» 成功 10. Theatre, Television (stop) 停演 • to come off after two weeks «show» 两周后停演 B transitive verb [come off something] 1. (fall off) «cover» 从…上掉下 ‹bed›; «button» 从…上掉落 ‹device, appliance›; «rider» 摔下 ‹horse, cycle, motor cycle› 2. (leave) 驶离 ‹road›

• to come off the motorway at ... 在…处驶离高速公路 3. (become detached from) «knob, label» 从…上脱落 ‹door, clothes›; «paint, wallpaper» 从…上剥落 ‹wall› 4. (be detachable from) «top, hood» 可从…卸下

• do the legs come off the table? 桌子腿可以卸下来吗？ • the lid won't come off the jar 坛子盖打不开 5. (be washed from) «mark, writing» 从…上被除去 ‹clothes, paper›

• the stains came off his shirt 他衬衣上的污渍洗掉了 6. (be deducted from) «amount, money» 从…中被减去 ‹price, wages›

• 3% has come off interest rates 利率已下降了3％ 7. (stop work on) 停下 ‹project›

• to come off the case 停下手头的案子 8. colloquial (stop using)

8

• to come off drugs/alcohol 戒毒/戒酒

9. come off it! colloquial (expressing disagreement)别胡说！

▪ come on

A intransitive verb 1. Theatre, Music «band, actor» 登台 Sport «player» 上场 • to come on for or in place of [somebody] 顶替某人上场 2. (follow) 跟随

• you'd better go: I'll come on later 你快动身吧，我随后就到 3. come on! (urging)加油！ (hurrying)快点！ (expressing disbelief)得了吧！ (as challenge)来！

• come on, this way! 来呀，往这儿走！ • come on, it's safe! 没事的，很安全！

• come on: tell me what happened! 快点，告诉我发生了什么事！ • come on, you're okay 喂，你行的

• come on in/out/down/up! 快进来/快出来/快下来/快上来吧！ • come on, we're late! 快点，我们要迟到了！ • come on! hit me! 来呀！打我啊！ 4. (make progress) «student, skill» 进步; «patient, injury» 恢复; «plant, garden» 生长; «work, book» 进展

• how are the new recruits coming on? 新兵的情况怎么样？ • how's your arm? — it's coming on 你的手臂怎么样了？──正在恢复

• her piano playing is really coming on 她的钢琴弹得真是越来越好听了 5. (begin) «illness» 开始; «darkness, season» 到来 • I've got a cold coming on 我要感冒了 • winter is coming on 冬天来了 • before night came on 在天黑前 6. (be turned on) «electricity, water» 开始供应; «appliance, heating» 开始运行

• the power came back on 恢复供电了 7. Theatre 上演 Television 播出

• the show's coming on! 演出就要开始了！ B transitive verb = come upon

▪ come on to transitive verb

1. [come on to something] (deal with) 开始谈论

• to come on to the question later 以后再讨论那个问题 2. [come on to somebody] colloquial (flirt with) 与…调情 • he came on to her in the bar 他在酒吧里和她调情

▪ come out

intransitive verb 1. (leave place) «person, vehicle» 出来 • to come out of hospital 出院

• to come out from behind/under etc. [something] 从某物后面/下面等出来

2. British (strike) 罢工

• to come out on strike 举行罢工

3. (openly acknowledge one's homosexuality) 出柜 [即公开自己的同性恋身份] 4. (fall out) «nail, lens» 脱落; «hair, tooth» 掉落 5. (be sociable) 变得外向 6. (be removable) «drawer» 可拉出; «cork, plug» 可拔出 7. (be emitted) «fluid, air» 喷出

• smoke came out of the chimney 烟囱里冒着烟 8. (be removed) «dirt» 去掉; «colour» 褪色; «wrinkles» 消失 9. (be deleted) «word» 被删去

• that paragraph can come out 那一段可以删去 10. (be produced) «model, product» 上市; «book» 出版; «film, CD» 发行 11. (rise) «stars, sun» 升起 (emerge) «sun» 露出 • the sun came out 太阳出来了 12. (come into bloom) 开花

• the daffodils came out early 水仙花开得早

13. (erupt) «rash» 出现 14. (become known) «truth, secret» 被获知 • the results came out 结果出来了

• it's all coming out now! 一切真相大白了！ 15. (be shown) «quality, feelings» 显露出来

• his true feelings come out in his attitude 他的态度流露出真实感情

• the meaning doesn't come out in this translation 这篇译文没有表达出这层意思

16. Photography, Printing (be processed) «photo» 冲洗出来; «copy» 复制出来 (be reproduced) «detail, object» 复制效果… • to come out well in a photo 照片冲洗效果好 • to come out clearly 印得清晰

• red won't come out on the photocopy 红色复印不出来 17. (end up) 结果是 (be placed) 位居 • to come out all right 一切顺利

• to come out of [something] a loser/winner 做某事以失败告终/最终取得胜利

• to come out on top 结果名列前茅

• to come out first/bottom in the exam 在考试中名列第一/垫底 18. (state one's position)

• to come out against/in favour of [somebody]/[something] 公开反对/支持某人/某事物

• to come out in support of [somebody]/[something] 公开表明对某人/某事物的支持 19. (be said) «remark, words» 被说出

• that didn't come out as I intended 我说这话是有口无心

▪ come out at

transitive verb [come out at something] «price, total» 共计 ‹amount›

• to come out at a rate of 3% 总计费率为3%

▪ come out in

transitive verb [come out in something] [皮肤上] 出 ‹rash› • to come out in spots 起丘疹

• to come out in a cold sweat 冒出一身冷汗

▪ come out of

transitive verb [come out of something] 1. (originate in) «person, thing» 来自

• one of the songs that have come out of Ireland 源于爱尔兰歌谣中的一首

2. (result from) 由…产生

• something good came out of the disaster 这场灾难也产生了一些积极的东西

▪ come out with

transitive verb [come out with something] 说出

• to come out with extraordinary/rude remarks 语出惊人/说话粗鲁

• just come straight out with it! 直说吧！

▪ come over

A intransitive verb

1. (travel) [尤指越过海洋] 过来 2. (approach) 走近

• she came over to my desk 她走到我的桌子旁 3. (drop in) 造访

• come over and see us 来看望我们 4. (change sides) 改变立场

• to come over to [something] 转而加入某一方 • to come over to our side 转而加入我们这一边 5. (be conveyed) «message, feeling» 得以传达

• her love of animals came over 她表现出了对动物的关爱 6. (give impression) 留下印象

• to come over badly/well 给人的印象差/好

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7. British colloquial (start to be) 开始变得 (start to feel) 突然感觉 • to come over all misty-eyed 突然眼泪汪汪 B transitive verb [come over somebody] «attack, fit, sense» 突然影响

• a feeling of relief came over me 我顿时感到松了一口气 • I don't know what came over me 我不知道我是怎么了

▪ come round

intransitive verb especially British 1. (make detour) 绕道

• we had to come round the other way 我们不得不绕道过来 2. (circulate) «waiter» 走来走去 3. (visit) 拜访

• do come round and see us 一定要来看望我们 • to come round for dinner 来家里吃晚饭吧 4. (occur) «holiday, season» （再次）来临

• to come round more quickly every year 一年比一年来得快 • to wait until [something] comes round 一直等到某事物到来 5. (awake from unconscious state) 苏醒 (from trance) 回过神 (from sleep) 醒来

6. (change mind) 改变看法

• she finally came round to our way of thinking 她终于转而认同了我们的想法

▪ come through A intransitive verb 1. (penetrate) «light» 穿过

• the heat is coming through 热气透进来了 2. (be received) «news, signal» 传来

• the call hasn't come through 电话还没来

• there's a call coming through 有一个电话打进来 3. (arrive) «results, orders» 到来

• to wait for [something] to come through 等待某事物获准 4. (survive) 挺过

• he was very ill, but he came through 虽然病得很厉害，但他还是熬过来了

• he came through without a scratch 他毫发无损地幸存了下来 5. (be evident) «quality, devotion» 显露出来

• her personality comes through in her art 她的个性表现在艺术作品中

B transitive verb [come through something] 1. (penetrate) «light» 透过 ‹cloth›; «ink» 浸透 ‹paper› • the sweat came through his shirt 汗水浸透了他的衬衫

2. (survive) 挺过 ‹crisis, war›; 经历…后活下来 ‹operation, illness›; 熬过 ‹recession›

▪ come to

A intransitive verb

1. (awake from unconscious state) 苏醒 (from trance) 回过神 (from sleep) 醒来

• she's coming to 她开始苏醒了 2. Nautical «ship» 停住

B [come to something] transitive verb 1. (amount to) «total, expenses» 共计 ‹amount› • what did the bill come to? 账单总共多少钱？ 2. (result in) 得到结果

• will it come to a fight? 会打起来吗？ • to come to nothing 没有结果

• all her efforts came to nothing 她的一切努力均付诸东流 • his plans never came to anything 他的计划均毫无成效 • to not come to much 不很成功

• I didn't think it would come to this! 我没想到事情会发展到这一步！

• when it comes to it 在关键时刻 3. (pertain to) 涉及

• when it comes to [something] 说到某事物

• when it comes to work, he’s useless 说到工作，他一无是处

• come to that ... British (when adding remark) 说到这一点…

C [come to somebody] transitive verb (be recalled or realized) 被…想到

• it'll come to me soon 我很快就会想起来的 • it suddenly came to her that ... 她突然意识到…

▪ come under

transitive verb [come under something]

1. (be subjected to) 受到 ‹influence, criticism, pressure›; 遭到 ‹attack›

• the document came under close scrutiny 这份文件已经仔细审查过了

2. (be classified under) 属于

• to come under different headings 分属不同的题目 • hawks come under ‘birds of prey’ 鹰属于“猛禽类”

▪ come up

intransitive verb 1. (ascend) 上来; «diver» 浮上来; (climb stairs)上楼 • come up to the attic 上阁楼来 2. (emerge) «plant» 破土发芽 3. (rise) «sun» 升起 4. (be vomited) «food» 被吐出

• her lunch came up 她把午饭吐了 5. (reach) «water, plant» 达到

• the tide came up to the road 潮水漫到了路上

• the boots come up to my knees 靴子长及我的膝部 6. (approach) 靠近

• a van came up and ... 一辆货车开过来，然后… • he came up to me 他走到我跟前 7. (occur) «job, opportunity» 出现

• chances like this don't come up very often 这样的机会不常有 • did something come up? 发生了什么事吗？ 8. (happening soon) «event» 即将发生

• the show is coming up 很快就要开始演出了 • he's coming up to retirement 他快退休了 • coming up next: ... 接下来是… • ... coming up! …马上就好！ 9. (be mentioned) 被提起

• I was afraid that might come up 我担心会提到那件事 10. (from south) 北上 (from smaller place) 上到 • she often comes up to London 她经常上伦敦来 11. (be handled) 被处理

• her case comes up next week 她的案子将于下周审理 • she came up before the board 她被交由董事会处置

12. British University dated 上大学 [尤指上牛津或剑桥大学] • she came up to Oxford to study law 她进了牛津大学攻读法律 13. (be drawn in lottery) 中奖

▪ come up against

transitive verb [come up against somebody/something] 面对 ‹obstacle, challenge›; 遭遇 ‹rival, champion›

▪ come up for

transitive verb [come up for something] 1. (be candidate for) 成为…的候选人

• he's coming up for promotion 他是此次晋升的候选人 2. (be about to undergo) 即将经受

• to come up for auction/sale 即将被拍卖/降价出售

▪ come upon

transitive verb [come upon somebody/something] 1. (meet) 碰见

2. (find) 意外发现 ‹missing item›

• if you come upon a better idea, ... 如果你碰巧想到了一个更好的主意，…

3. (attack) 袭击 ‹person, animal›

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4. (affect) 影响

• the feeling/realization gradually came upon me that ... 我慢慢感觉到/意识到…

▪ come up to

transitive verb [come up to something] 达到 ‹standard›

• the performance didn't come up to our expectations 演出没有我们预想的那么好

▪ come up with

transitive verb [come up with something] 1. (think of) 想到 ‹idea, plan›

• what excuse did she come up with? 她找了个什么借口？ 2. especially pejorative (produce) 拿出 (find) 找到

• what brainwave has he come up with now? 他又想出了什么妙计？

• is this the best room you can come up with? 这是你们能找到的最好的房间了？ Cut的短语

▪ cut across

transitive verb [cut across something]

1. (take direct route through) 抄近路穿过 ‹field›

• to cut across [somebody's] path (in haste) 突然插到某人前面 2. figurative (transcend) «ideas, action» 超越 ‹barrier, lines› 3. figurative (contradict) «action, event» 与…相抵触 ‹policy, status quo›

▪ cut at

transitive verb [cut at something] 猛砍 ‹wood, stone, person›; 狂剪 ‹hair›

▪ cut away

A transitive verb [cut something away], [cut away something] 切除 ‹rotten part, excess›; 剪掉 ‹border›; 砍掉 ‹dead wood› B intransitive verb 反复切削

• to cut away at [something] 反复切削某物

▪ cut back

A transitive verb [cut something back], [cut back something] 1. Horticulture 修剪 ‹plant›; 砍掉 ‹dead wood›

2. (reduce) 削减 ‹production, workforce, spending› B intransitive verb 削减

• to cut back on staff/production 裁员/减产

▪ cut down A transitive verb [cut down something/somebody], [cut something/somebody down] 1. (chop) 砍倒 ‹tree›; 割 ‹long grass›

2. (trim) 把…改短 ‹clothes›; 截短 ‹carpet, rope, wood›

• to cut [somebody] down to size figurative 让某人有自知之明 3. (kill) 杀死 (injure) 使受伤

• to be cut down in the prime of (one's)life 英年早逝 4. (reduce) 削减 ‹amount, time›

• to cut [something] down by [something] 将某物减少某数量 • they aim to cut public spending down from £30 million to £20 million 他们打算把公共开支由3,000万英镑削减至2,000万英镑

5. (abridge) 删节 ‹text, film›

• to cut [something] down (from [something]) to [something] 把某物（从某物）删成某物

• cut the article down from 3,000 to 2,000 words 把文章由3,000字删减到2,000字

B intransitive verb 削减

• to cut down on [something] 减少某物

▪ cut in

A intransitive verb 1. (interrupt) 打断

• to cut in on [something]/[somebody] 打断某事/某人 • to cut in on a discussion 在讨论时插话 2. Automobile «driver, vehicle» 超车抢道 • to cut in on [somebody] 抢道超某人的车 B transitive verb [cut somebody in] colloquial 让…加入 ‹person›

• to cut [somebody] in on [something] 让某人加入某事 • cut me in next time! 下次把我算上！

▪ cut into

transitive verb [cut into something] 1. (penetrate) 切入 ‹flesh, metal›; «rope, chain» 勒进 ‹part of body›; «acid» 腐蚀 ‹metal› 2. (begin to cut) 动手切

3. figurative (interrupt) 打断 ‹conversation, programme› 4. figurative (impinge on) 占用 ‹time, working day›

▪ cut off transitive verb [cut something/somebody off], [cut off something/somebody]

1. (remove) 切掉 ‹part, length›; 减少 ‹quantity›; 砍掉 ‹head›; 割掉 ‹ear›; 剪掉 ‹flower, hair›

• to cut [something] off [something] 从某物上切下某物

• he had his arm cut off by the machine 他的手臂给机器切掉了 2. (reduce) 减掉

• to cut [something] off [something] 从某物中减掉 ‹percentage, amount›

• they've cut 10% off all their prices 他们已把所有价格降低了一成

3. (stop) 中断 ‹supply, service›

• the phone/electricity has been cut off 电话/供电被切断了 4. (block) 阻挡 ‹view›; 切断 ‹path, escape route›; 阻截 ‹army› 5. (disinherit) 剥夺…的继承权 ‹person›

• to cut [somebody] off without a penny 不给某人留一分钱遗产 6. (interrupt) 中断 ‹broadcast, call›; 打断 ‹person, speech› 7. (seal off, isolate) 隔绝 ‹person› • to be cut off (from [something]) «area» 被（与某处）隔断 • to be cut off by snow/flooding 被大雪/被洪水围困 • to cut [somebody]/[something] off from [something]/[somebody] 使…与…隔绝

• his deafness cut him off from society 耳聋使他与社会隔绝 • regions/nations that are cut off from civilization 与文明社会隔绝的地区/民族

• to feel cut off (from [something]/[somebody]) 感到被（与某处/某人）隔绝

• to cut oneself off from [something]/[somebody] 断绝与某处/某人的联系

▪ cut out

A transitive verb [cut something out], [cut out something] 1. (make, fashion) 剪下 ‹article›; 剪出 ‹shape›; 裁剪出 ‹dress› • to cut [something] out of [something] 用某物剪出某物 • to cut [something] out of wood 拿木头刻出某物

• to be cut out for [something]/doing [something] figurative colloquial 适合某事物/做某事

• to be cut out for [somebody] colloquial 与某人很般配 • they are cut out for each other 他们是天造地设的一对 • to be cut out to be [something] colloquial 是做某事的料 • he's not cut out to be a chef 他不是当厨师的料

• to have one's work cut out (doing [something] or to do [something]) colloquial （做某事）着实不容易 2. (carve out) 挖出 ‹opening, tunnel›

3. (remove) 切除 ‹core, tumour›; 删节 ‹text, scene›

• to cut [something] out of [something] 从某物中除去某物

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4. colloquial (stop, abstain from) 停止 (quit) 戒 ‹smoking›; 不再吃 ‹food item›; 停用 ‹luxury› • cut it out! 打住！

• to cut [something] out of one's diet 忌吃某食物 5. (exclude) 把…排除在外 ‹person›

• to cut [somebody] out of [something] 不让某人参与某事 • to cut [somebody] out of one's will 不让某人继承遗产 6. (block) 挡住 ‹light, noise› B intransitive verb Mechanics (fail, switch itself off) «engine, heater, machine» 停止运转

▪ cut through

transitive verb [cut through something]

1. (sever) 切割开 ‹metal, stone›; 锯开 ‹wood› • to cut through red tape 免掉繁文缛节 2. (penetrate) 溶解 ‹grease›; figurative «wind» 透 ‹coat›; «sound» 打破 ‹silence›

3. (move through) 穿行于 ‹water, air› • to cut through the waves «boat» 破浪而行

吹

▪ cut up

A [cut something up], [cut up something] transitive verb 1. (into pieces) 剪碎 ‹paper›; 切碎 ‹food, body›; 劈 ‹firewood›; 解剖 ‹animal, person, body part› • to cut [something] up into pieces/slices 把某物切碎/切成片 2. Automobile colloquial 抢道超越 ‹driver, vehicle› B [cut somebody up] transitive verb usually passive colloquial (upset) 使伤心

• to be/seem cut up (about/by [something]) （对某事物/因某事物）感到/似乎感到伤心 C intransitive verb 1. (be able to be cut up)

• to cut up easily/into pieces «vegetables, animal» 易切/切成块 «paper» 易剪裁/剪成片; «wood» 易劈开/劈成块 2. American colloquial (misbehave) 胡闹 Get的短语

Get around

A intransitive verb

1. (manage to move) [有困难地] 走动 • she gets about quite well 她腿脚挺利索 2. (be spread) 传开

• it has got about that ... 据传…

B transitive verb [get about something] 在…旅行 • to get about town 在城里四处观光

• it has got about the village that ... 村里纷纷传说…

▪ get across

A intransitive verb 1. (cross over) 到对面

• we finally managed to get across to the other side 我们最后还是到达了对面

2. to get across to [somebody] (establish communication with) «person, message» 传达给某人

• he didn't get across to the audience 他没有让听众听明白

B [get across something] transitive verb (cross over) 到…的对面 • we got across the busy main road 我们穿过了车水马龙的主干道

C [get something across], [get across something] transitive verb (communicate) 把…讲清楚

• to get [something] across to [somebody] 把某事对某人讲清楚 • I can't get it across that ... 我无法让大家明白… D [get something across] transitive verb (transport) 运送 ‹goods›; 把…送过去 ‹letter›

• I'll get a copy across to you 我给你送一份副本过去

▪ get after

transitive verb [get after somebody/something] 老是数落

▪ get ahead

intransitive verb 获得成功

• to get ahead of [somebody]/[something] 开始领先某人/某物 • to get ahead of one's competitors 胜过竞争对手 • let's not get ahead of ourselves 咱们先别直奔主题

▪ get along

intransitive verb 1. (progress) 进行

• how's your project getting along? 你的项目进行得怎么样了？ 2. (cope) 对付过去

• we can get along without a computer 没有电脑我们也能对付 3. (be on friendly terms) 关系融洽

• to get along with [somebody] 和某人相处很好 4. colloquial (go) 离开

• we must be getting along now 我们现在得走了

• get along with you! British (go away) 滚开！ (I don't believe you) 胡说！

▪ get around

A intransitive verb 1. = get about A.

2. (have different experiences) 阅历丰富 • she gets around a lot 她见多识广 3. especially American = get round A. 2. B transitive verb 1. = get about B.

2. especially American = get round D.

▪ get at

transitive verb [get at somebody/something] 1. (reach) 够得着

• (just)let me get at him! （就）让我来教训他！ 2. (access) 接触

• he can't get at the money until he's 18 他到18岁才能动用这笔钱

3. (tamper with, spoil) 破坏

• somebody has got at the computer system 有人弄坏了计算机系统

4. (ascertain) 查明

• to get at [somebody's] secret/the truth 发现某人的秘密/查明真相

5. colloquial (intimidate, bribe) 威逼利诱

• he's been got at by government officials 他受到政府官员的胁迫

6. British colloquial (criticize) 挖苦

• I hope you didn't think I was getting at you 希望你不会认为我在挖苦你

7. to get at [somebody] to do [something] British colloquial (nag)缠磨某人做某事

• she's always getting at him to buy her a diamond ring 她总是缠着他给她买钻戒

8. colloquial (insinuate) 暗示

• what are you getting at? 你是什么意思？

▪ get away

intransitive verb 1. (escape) 逃走 2. (leave) 离开

• I couldn't get away any sooner 我巴不得马上离开

• get away! (go away) 走开！ (I don't believe you) 别胡说了！ 3. (go further ahead) 甩开

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▪ get away from

A [get away from somebody/something] transitive verb 1. (leave behind) 逃离 ‹place, work›; 摆脱 ‹pursuer› • to get away from it all 躲清净 2. figurative (depart from) 背离

• to get right away from traditional methods 完全违背传统方法 3. (deny) 否认

• there's no getting away from it! 这件事无法否认！ 4. (go further ahead than) 把…甩开 B [get somebody/something away from somebody/something] transitive verb 把…从…处带走 ‹person›; 把…从…处赶走 ‹animal›; 把…从…处夺走 ‹object› • we couldn't get the knife away from him 我们没法夺下他的刀子

• we must get him away from her/from her influence 我们必须让他离开她/摆脱她的影响

▪ get away with

transitive verb [get away with something] 1. (escape with) 携带…溜走 ‹money, haul›

2. (escape punishment for) 逃脱…的惩罚 (escape undesirable consequences of) 避免…的不良后果

• to get away with murder figurative colloquial 逍遥法外

• she can get away with (wearing)bright colours 她穿色彩鲜艳的衣服还可以

3. (be let off with) 以…被从轻发落 • he got away with a £50 fine 他交了50英镑罚款就了事了

▪ get back

A intransitive verb

1. (return to place or person) 返回

• to get back to work/the office 回去工作/回到办公室 • when I get back to them 当我回到他们中间时 2. (return to former state) 恢复 • to get back to normal 恢复正常 • to get back to sleep 重新入睡

• when Labour got back (into power) 当工党重新执政时

3. to get back to [something] (return to earlier stage in discussion)回到先前阶段

• to get back to your problem, ... 再谈谈你的问题，… 4. to get back to [somebody] (contact again)给某人回电话 • I'll get back to you 我会给你回电话的 5. (move backwards) 退后 • get back! 后退！

B [get something back, get back something] transitive verb

1. (have returned personally) 带回 (have returned by post etc.) 取回

• I went to the ticket office and got my money back 我去售票处退了钱

2. (obtain again) 重新获得 ‹possessions, qualities› • to get back one's strength/old job 恢复体力/原职 • to get one's own back 报复 3. (return to rightful place) 归还

• to get the book back to the library 还书给图书馆 4. (put back, replace) 把…放回原处

• to get the table back in the corner 把桌子搬回角落 5. (in racket games) 击回

• he got the ball back (over the net) 他把球（从网上）打了回去 C [get somebody back] transitive verb (escort back) 把…送回

▪ get back at

transitive verb [get back at somebody] 报复

▪ get behind

A intransitive verb 1. (fall behind) 落后

• we tried to keep up with others/the pace/the schedule, but we got

behind 我们努力尝试跟上其他人/节奏/进度，但我们落后了 2. (fall into arrears) 拖欠

• to get behind with [something] 拖延某物

• to get behind with one's work/payments 拖延工作/拖欠款项 B transitive verb [get behind something/somebody] 1. (move behind) 到…的后面

• to get behind the curtains/the sofa 藏到窗帘/沙发后面 2. (support) 支持

• the whole family got behind her/the idea 全家都支持她/这个主意

▪ get by

A intransitive verb 1. = get past A.

2. (survive, manage) 勉强维持

• to get by on [something] 靠某物勉强对付 • to get by on a few pounds 靠几英镑勉强过活 • to get by with [something] 以某物将就

• we'll have to get by with what we have in stock 我们将不得不靠库存勉强撑着

3. (be good enough) 凑合

• his essay isn't very good but it will get by 他的文章不是太好，但还过得去

B transitive verb [get by somebody] 1. (pass) 经过

2. (escape unnoticed by) 逃过…的注意 ‹guard, teacher›

▪ get down

A intransitive verb

1. (descend, alight) 从…下来

• he got down from his horse 他下了马 2. (leave table) 离开餐桌

• may I get down? 我可以离开吗？

3. (sit down) 坐到地上 (lie down) 躺到地上 • to get down on one's knees 跪下 • get down! 趴下！

B [get something down, get down something] transitive verb 1. (swallow) 吞下

2. (record) 记下 ‹notes, description› 3. (reduce by elimination) 减少

• to get [something] down to [something] 使人数/某物减少到某个水平

• we got the shortlist down to three 我们把入围名单上的人数压缩到3人

• we got the number of participants down 我们减少了参与者的人数

C [get something/somebody down, get down something/somebody] transitive verb 1. (bring down) 使下来

• to get the book/child down 取下书/把孩子抱下来 • get your trousers down 脱下你的裤子 2. (reduce by bargaining) 压低

• to get [somebody]/the price down 让某人降价/把价格压下来 D [get somebody down] transitive verb (depress) 使沮丧 • the weather's getting her down 这天气使她感到压抑

E [get down something] transitive verb (descend) 从…下来 • to get down the stairs/mountain 下楼/下山

▪ get down to

transitive verb [get down to something] 1. (descend to) 下降到

• to get down to the pupils' level figurative 降到小学生的水平 2. (attend to) 着手处理

• to get down to doing [something] 着手做某事 • to get down to work/business 开始工作/干正事

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▪ get in

A intransitive verb

1. (arrive at destination) «bus, plane» 到达 2. (enter, penetrate) 进入

• let the air get in 让空气透进来 3. (reach home) 到住所

• I get in at 6 o' clock 我6点到家 4. (be elected) «candidate, party» 当选 5. (be admitted) «candidate, student» 被录取 B [get in something] transitive verb 1. (enter, penetrate) 进入

• the dust got in my eyes 灰尘眯了我的眼睛

• how do you get in the museum? 你是怎样进入博物馆的？ 2. (fit in) 塞进

• that car will never get in that space 那辆车无论如何都进不去那空位

3. (develop) 开始有 ‹mood, habit›

• to get in a temper/panic 发脾气/陷入恐慌

C [get something in, get in something] transitive verb 1. (bring in) 把…拿进来

• it's raining — get the tables/washing in 下雨了，把桌子搬进来/衣服收进来

2. (fit into space) 能把…塞进去

• to get the drawer in 把抽屉推进去

• can you get these shoes in your suitcase? 能否把鞋子塞进你的手提包内？

3. (deliver, hand in) 设法交出

• did you get your essay in on time? 你按时交论文了吗？ 4. (include in article, schedule) 设法增加

• he got in a reference to his new book 他给自己的新书添加了参考书目

• to try to get in a little tennis 争取打打网球

• I got mine in first American colloquial 我先下手报复 5. (buy in) 购进

6. Agriculture (collect) 收割 ‹harvest, crops› 7. (interpolate) 争取发言说 • to get a word in 插话

8. Agriculture, Horticulture (plant) 种植 D [get somebody in] transitive verb 1. (summon) 请来 ‹police, doctor› 2. (ensure admission of) 使进入

• this card will get you in (to club) 凭此卡即可进去

• three As should be enough to get her in (to school, university) 她得了三个A，应该够录取条件 3. Politics 使当选

• you must vote to get our candidate in 你必须投票让我们的候选人当选

▪ get in on transitive verb

1. [get in on something] 参加

• to get in on the act colloquial ［为了捞到好处］ 插一手 2. to get [somebody] in on [something] 使某人参与

• can you get me in on the deal? 你能让我参加这次交易吗？

▪ get into

A [get into something] transitive verb 1. (enter) 进入

• water had got into the back of the cupboard 水渗进了橱柜后面 • what's got into her? figurative 她是怎么回事？ 2. (fit into) 能塞进

• the sofa wouldn't get into the alcove 沙发放不进壁凹 3. (be able to put on) 穿上 ‹item of clothing›

4. (be admitted to) 加入 ‹club, team›; 进入 ‹school, university› 5. (develop) 开始有 ‹mood›; 养成 ‹habit›

• to get into a temper/panic/bad habit 发脾气/陷入恐慌/染上恶习 6. (get involved in) 被牵扯进

• to get into debt/trouble 负债/惹上麻烦 7. (get interested in) 喜欢上 ‹subject, pursuit› 8. (get accustomed to) 熟悉

• to get into the way of doing [something] 养成做某事的习惯 • he got into mountaineering colloquial 他喜欢上了登山运动 9. Transport 到达 ‹station, airport, city› 10. (reach number) 数量是

• to get into the hundreds 数以百计

B [get somebody into something] transitive verb 1. (cause to enter, ensure admission of) 使…进入 • she got me into the club 她介绍我进了俱乐部

• the Hispanic vote got him into Congress 拉丁裔选民的选票使他当选进入国会

2. (make develop) 使…处于

• to get [somebody] into a good mood or humour 让某人的情绪好起来

3. (make accustomed) 使…习惯于

• to get [somebody] into the way of doing [something] 使某人养成做某事的习惯

4. (involve in) 使…陷入

• I'll get you into trouble with your dad 我会让你爸爸管你的 • her boyfriend has got her into trouble euphemistic 她的男友把她肚子搞大了

C [get somebody/something into something] transitive verb (make fit into space) 把…塞进

• to get the package into the postbox 把包裹塞进邮筒

• to get [somebody]/[something] into the picture 把某人/某物拍进照片

• to get her into her uniform 给她穿上制服

▪ get in with

transitive verb [get in with somebody] 1. (gain favour with) 讨好 2. (associate with) 结交

▪ get off

A intransitive verb

1. (alight from vehicle) 下车

• you need to get off at the next stop 你要在下一站下车

• to tell [somebody] where he/she can get off or where to get off figurative colloquial 叫某人别管闲事 2. (descend) 下来

• get off of that wall! 快从那墙上下来！ 3. (start on journey) 出发

• I aim to get off by seven o'clock 我打算7点前出发

• to get off to a good/poor start figurative 有良好的/糟糕的开端 4. (leave work) 下班

• can you get off tomorrow? 你明天能不上班吗？

5. colloquial (escape punishment) 免受处罚 (escape suffering) 免受罪

• to get off with a reprimand 只是受到一番训斥就没事了

• he got off with just a scratch to his arm 他只是手臂上擦破了一点皮

6. British (fall asleep) 入睡 • to get off to sleep 入睡

7. to get off with [somebody] British colloquial (start romantic relationship)与某人谈恋爱 (start sexual relationship)与某人发生关系

• John and Anne got off with each other 约翰和安妮好上了 8. (let go) 放开 • get off! 别碰！

9. to get off on [something]/doing [something] colloquial (get excited or aroused by)对某事物/做某事感到兴奋

• she gets off on leading men on 她以吊男人的胃口为乐 B [get off something] transitive verb 1. (descend from) 从…上下来

• the cat got off my lap 猫从我腿上跳了下去

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2. (alight from vehicle) 下车 3. (remove oneself from) 离开

• get off the floor! 从地板上起来！

• get off my foot! colloquial 别踩我的脚！

• to get off [somebody's] back figurative 不去纠缠某人

4. (depart from on purpose) 避开 ‹subject› (depart from accidentally) 偏离 ‹subject›

• we've rather got off religion 我们还是避开了宗教这个话题 5. to get off doing [something] (avoid)逃避做某事 • she got off without paying 她没付钱溜了

• to get off doing homework/the washing up 逃避做作业/洗碗 6. (wean oneself off) 逐渐解除 ‹drugs, heroin›

C [get off somebody] transitive verb (let go of) 放开 • get off me! 别碰我！

D [get something off] transitive verb

1. (take off) 脱下 ‹garment, shoes›; 取下 ‹top, tyre›

• she can't get the ring off her finger 她摘不掉手指上的戒指 2. (clean away) 除掉

• to get the mud/dirt off 除掉泥斑/灰尘

• to get the stain off the carpet 除掉地毯上的污渍 3. (bring down) 使下来

• he got the bottle off the top shelf 他把瓶子从顶层搁板上拿了下来

4. (take away) 移开

• get your hands off! 别碰！

• get your hands off my girl/husband! 不许碰我的女友/丈夫！ 5. (have as free time) 休息

• to get a day/week off 休假一天/一周 • to get an hour off work 工作时歇一小时

6. to get [something] off [somebody] (receive, take)从某人处得到某物

• get his gun off him first 先下了他的枪

7. to get [something] off [somebody] (inherit)从某人处经遗传获得某物

• he gets his placidity off his mother 他的温和性情是他母亲遗传的

E [get something/somebody off] transitive verb (dispatch) 寄出 ‹letter, parcel›; 打发走 ‹person›

• to get [somebody] off to work/school 打发某人上班/上学 F [get somebody off] transitive verb

1. to get [somebody] off [something] (force to leave)迫使某人离开某处

• we tried to get them off our land 我们试图把他们从我们的土地上赶走

2. to get [somebody] off [something] (cause to stop discussing)使某人停止谈论某事物

• you can't get him off the subject of cars 一谈到汽车，你就没法让他停下来

3. (send to sleep) 使入睡

• to get a child off to sleep 让孩子入睡 4. (cause acquittal of) 使免受处罚

• to get [somebody] off with a fine 对某人罚款之后就了事

5. to get [somebody] off [something] (wean from)使某人戒掉 ‹drug› 使某人戒除 ‹habit›

G reflexive verb to get oneself off 准备离开

• I have to get myself off to work 我必须去上班了

▪ get on

A intransitive verb

1. (board a bus, train) 乘坐上交通工具

• I got on at the last station 我是上一站上车的 2. (become late) 晚了

• to be getting on 时间不早了

• it's getting on for teatime/towards bedtime 快到茶点/睡觉时间了

3. (progress) 进展

• how's Jo getting on these days? 乔最近怎么样？

• how are you getting on with the project? 你的项目进展如何？ 4. (be successful) 成功

• to get on in life 飞黄腾达

5. colloquial (grow old) 年龄增长 • to be getting on 年龄越来越大

• he's getting on for 40 他将近40岁了

6. to get on with [somebody] (be on good terms with)与某人和睦相处

• he's very difficult to get on with 他这人很难相处 7. (continue)

• to get on with [something] (continue after interruption) 继续某事

• get on with your work 继续干你的工作 • to get on to the next item 进入下一项 B [get on something] transitive verb 1. (go aboard) 乘坐上

• to get on the bus/plane/ship 乘上公共汽车/飞机/轮船 2. (climb on to) 爬上

• we got on the roof 我们爬了上屋顶 3. (be appointed to) 入选

• to get on the board of governors/county council 进入董事会/郡政务委员会

C [get something on, get on something] transitive verb 1. (put on) 穿戴上 ‹clothes, hat, shoes›

2. to get [something] on [something] (fit)安上某物 • to get the lid on the jam jar 盖上果酱罐的盖子

D transitive verb to get [something] on [somebody] (obtain information)从某处取得关于某人的资料 E getting on for preposition British 接近

• she didn't arrive till getting on for eight 她快8点时才到

▪ get on to

A [get on to something/somebody] transitive verb 1. (go aboard) 乘上 ‹bus, train, plane›

2. (climb on to) 爬上 ‹hill›; 骑上 ‹bicycle, horse› 3. (start to discuss) 开始谈论 ‹subject, topic› 4. (discover) 觉察

• the police got on to him at once 警察立刻识破了他 5. (contact) 与…联系

• to get on to the authorities/gas company 和官方/煤气公司取得联系

6. (be appointed to) 入选 ‹board, governing body› B [get somebody on to something] transitive verb 1. (cause to discuss) 使开始讨论

• don't get him on to morality! 别让他谈论道德！ 2. (ensure appointment to) 使入选

• he got her on to the committee 他让她进入了委员会

C [get somebody/something on to something] transitive verb 1. (make climb on to) 使登上

2. (put aboard) 使乘坐上/把…放上

• he got his luggage on to the bus 他把行李搬上巴士

D [get somebody on to somebody/something] transitive verb (send to deal with) 派…去处理

• I'll get some more people on to this job 我会增派一些人去做这项工作

• I'll get my big brother on to you! British colloquial 我会让我大哥去收拾你的！

▪ get out

A intransitive verb 1. (exit) 出去

• he got out through the window 他从窗子爬出去 • get out! American colloquial 不会吧！ 2. (make social outing) 外出

• you should get out more and make friends 你应该多外出结交朋友

3. (escape) 逃跑

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• to get out from under [something] 摆脱某微妙局势 4. (alight from car) 下车 5. (move elsewhere) 离开

• she's lived there all her life, and can't wait to get out 她在那里生活了一辈子，巴不得马上搬走呢 6. (resign, withdraw) 退出 7. (be let out) «prisoner» 获释; «worker» 下班 8. (leak out) «fact, news» 泄露

B [get something out, get out something] transitive verb 1. (extract) 拔掉 ‹tooth, cork›

• I soon got the truth out of him 我很快就逼他说出了真相 2. (take on loan) 借出

• she's gone to the library to get some books out 她到图书馆借书去了

3. (erase) 除去 ‹stain›

• I can't get the mark out 我弄不掉那个污渍

• I can't get the idea out of my mind or head 我没法摆脱这个想法

4. (bring out) 拿出

• he likes to get his photos out 他喜欢给人看他的照片 • he got the money out of his wallet 他从皮夹里拿出了钱 5. (produce) 生产 6. (utter) 勉强地说

• she couldn't get the words out 她说不出话来 C [get somebody/something out] transitive verb 1. (make go out) 使出去

• to get the sofa out the window/door colloquial 把沙发从窗户/门搬出去

• have you tried to get her out? 你有没有试图把她撵走？ • get that dog out of here! 把那条狗赶走！ 2. (cause to escape) 使逃出

• they planned to get him out of prison 他们打算救他出监狱 3. (free from detention) 使自由

• his lawyer got him out (on bail) 他的律师把他保了出来 4. (publish) 出版

5. British (solve) 解决 ‹puzzle, mathematical problem›

▪ get out of

transitive verb [get out of something] 1. (exit from) 从…中出来

• I couldn't get out of the window/door 我没法从窗户钻出去/没法出门

2. (move from) 离开

• get out of my house! 滚出我的房子！

• get out of here! American colloquial 胡说！ 3. (escape from) 从…逃出

• a lion has got out of the zoo 一只狮子从动物园里跑出来了 4. (alight from) 从…下来

• to get out of the taxi/car 从计程车/小汽车中出来 5. (withdraw from) 退出

• to get out of the European Union 退出欧盟

6. (evade, avoid) 逃避 ‹obligation, duty›; 回避 ‹fact› • to get out of doing [something] 回避做某事

• I accepted the invitation, and now I can't get out of it 我接受了邀请，现在不能食言

7. (no longer do) 戒除 ‹habit, practice›

▪ get over

A intransitive verb 越过 B transitive verb

1. [get over something] (cross) 穿过

• to get over the river/mountain 过河/翻过山

• the wall is too high to get over 墙太高，翻不过去

2. [get over something/somebody] (recover from) 从…中恢复过来/与…断绝关系后恢复过来

• to get over mumps/a cold 腮腺炎/感冒痊愈

• she never really got over him 与他分手后，她从未真正恢复过

来

• I can't get over the fact that ... 我无法接受的是… C [get something over], [get over something] transitive verb (communicate) 讲清楚

• to get [something] over to [somebody] 向某人讲清楚某事

• he couldn't get his ideas over to his readers 他未能向读者说清楚他的想法

D transitive verb

1. [get somebody/something over] (cause to cross) 使穿过

• to get [something]/[somebody] over [something] 使某人/某物穿过某物

• we couldn't get the car over the river/the mountains/the border 我们没法驾车过河/翻山/越过边界

• get it over the wall 把它从墙上弄过去

2. to get [something] over (with) (finish)结束某事

• to get exams/an operation over (with) 结束考试/手术

3. to get [somebody] over [something] (cause to overcome) 使某人克服某事物

• counselling got her over the trauma 心理咨询抚平了她的精神创伤

4. [get somebody over] (cause to arrive) 让…来 • to get a plumber/doctor over 请来水暖工/医生 5. [get something over] (take, send) 送

• get these documents over to Wall Street 把这些文件送到华尔街 E reflexive verb to get oneself over ([something]) 使自己到（某物）对面

• we got ourselves safely over the river 我们安全地渡过了河 • she jumped at it and got herself over 她从那上面一跃而过 A intransitive verb 通过

• let the convoy get past 让车队通过

B [get past somebody/something] transitive verb 1. (pass) 通过

• it won't get past the censors 它通不过审查的 2. (go further than) 超过

• to get past the semi-finals 闯过半决赛

C [get something past] transitive verb (take past) 带…通过 • we can't get the car past 我们没法把汽车开过去

• to get [something] past [somebody]/[something] 带某物通过某处/某人

• to get the wine past customs 带葡萄酒通过海关

▪ get round

A intransitive verb

1. (get past obstacle) 绕过

• we can't get round 我们绕不过去 2. (come, go) 去

• get round to the hospital straight away 马上去医院 B [get round something] transitive verb 1. (move round) 围绕

• he got round the corner 他绕过了拐角

2. (move about in or between) 在…周围到处走动

• she got round the shops in half an hour 她花半小时转了转商店 3. figurative (circumvent) 逃避 ‹regulations, system› 4. (spread through) 传遍

• it has got round the village that ... 村里的人纷纷传说… C [get round somebody] transitive verb (persuade) 说服

D [get something round] transitive verb (bring or send round) 把…送到

• to get [something] round to [somebody]/[something] 把某物送给某人/送到某处

• I'll get the boxes round to you 我会把那些盒子给你送去 E [get somebody round] transitive verb (persuade) 说服 • to get [somebody] round to [something] 就某事说服某人

• I'll soon get him round to my way of thinking 我很快就会说服他同意我的想法的

16

▪ get round to

transitive verb to get round to doing [something] 抽时间做某事 • he finally got round to writing the article 他最终抽出时间写这篇文章

▪ get through

A intransitive verb 1. (pass through) 通过

2. (transmit message) 传送到

• the news never got through 这消息从未传到过

• he can't get through to his staff 他无法和他的员工沟通 3. Telecommunications [用电话] 接通

• to get through to [something]/[somebody] 接通某处/某人的电话

• I can't get through to Oxford 我没法打通牛津的电话 4. (make way through successfully) 顺利通过

• the team got through to the finals 这个队进入了决赛

• do you think the regiment will get through? 你认为这个团能顺利通过吗？

5. (survive) 熬过

• we got through thanks to ... 由于…我们挺过来了 B [get through something] transitive verb

1. (pass through) 通过 ‹window, jungle, traffic›

• the sofa won't get through the front door 沙发进不了前门 2. (reach the end of) 完成

• to get through the work/applications 处理完工作/申请表 3. Politics, Law 在…获得通过

• the bill hasn't got through Congress yet 此议案尚未在国会通过 4. (survive) 挺过

• it was difficult to get through that time/the winter 那段时间/那个冬天很难熬

5. (make way through successfully) 通过 ‹exams, customs› 6. colloquial (consume, use) 消耗完

• he got through all the money/a pair of shoes 他花光了所有的钱/穿坏了一双鞋

C [get something/somebody through] transitive verb 1. (squeeze through) 使穿过

• to get the thread through the hole 把线从孔里穿过

• the guide will get the unit through 向导将带领分队通过 2. (transmit successfully) 把…传送到

• they got the signal through 他们把信号发过去了

• can you get this message through to him/headquarters? 你能把这条信息发给他/总部吗？

3. Telecommunications 接通…的电话

• get me through to Paris at once 马上给我接通巴黎的电话 4. (communicate) 清楚传达

• I can't get the idea through to him 我没法让他明白这个意思 5. (help to pass or make way through) 帮助…通过

• the horses got the cart through the mud 几匹马拉着马车通过泥地

• the coaching staff got their team through to the semi-final 全体教练帮助他们的队进入了半决赛

6. (help to endure or overcome) 帮助…熬过

• counselling helped get him through 心理咨询帮助他挺了过去 • card games got us through the long wait/afternoon 我们靠打纸牌打发掉了漫长的等待/下午 7. Politics, Law 使获得通过

• the government struggled to get its bill through 政府艰难地要使议案得到通过

▪ get to

transitive verb [get to somebody] colloquial 使厌烦

• her constant chatter really gets to me 她不停地唠叨，烦死我了

▪ get together

A intransitive verb

1. (meet socially) 聚会

• to get together with [somebody] 和某人约会 2. colloquial (become romantically involved)

• Jack and Jill have got together 杰克和吉尔恋爱了 3. (unite, join forces) 联合起来

• to get together with [somebody] 联合某人

• why don't we get together to buy her a present? 我们为什么不凑份子给她买个礼物呢？

B transitive verb [get something/somebody together, get together something/somebody]

1. (accumulate, collect) 收集

• to get enough money together 凑够钱 • to get one's thoughts together 认真思考 2. (assemble from parts) 组织

• they got a rock band together 他们组建了一支摇滚乐队 • to get one's act together figurative colloquial 集中精力

• to get it together colloquial (get organized) 有条理 colloquial (succeed) 成功

3. (assemble socially) 安排…会面

• they got together all their favourite people 他们请来了所有他们最喜欢的人

C reflexive verb to get oneself together (organize oneself)控制自己 (compose oneself)稳定情绪

▪ get under

A intransitive verb (go underneath)到下面; (fit underneath)放在下面

• you get under while I hold the wire up 我掀着铁丝网，你从底下钻过去

B [get under something] transitive verb (go underneath)到…下面; (fit underneath)放在…下面

• can you get under the fence? 你可以到围栏下面吗﹖

C [get something under something] transitive verb 把…放到下面 • to get the box under the bed 把盒子塞到床下

▪ get up

A intransitive verb 1. (get out of bed) 起床

• I got up early 我很早就起了床 2. (rise to one's feet) 站起

3. to get up on [something] (mount)登上某物 • she got up on her horse 她跳上了她的马 4. (become strong or agitated) 增强

• a wind/the sea was getting up 起风了/海上起浪了 B [get up something] transitive verb 1. (ascend) 爬上

• the old car just got up the steep incline 那辆破旧的车刚刚爬上了陡坡

2. (penetrate) 上行进入

• water got up my nose 水冲进了我的鼻子 3. (increase) 提高

• to get up speed or steam 加速

C [get somebody up] transitive verb 1. (get out of bed) 叫…起床

• the nurse made sure to get the patient up 护士保证会叫病人起床的

2. (make rise to feet) 使站起

• the doorbell got her up from her chair 她听到门铃就从椅子上站了起来

3. (make go up) 使上去

• we got her up on the horse 我们扶她上了马 • to get the car up the hill 把汽车推上山坡 4. (dress up) 打扮

• her mother got her up as a fairy 她母亲把她打扮成仙子 D [get something up] transitive verb (raise on end) 使竖起 • it gets the hairs up on the back of my neck 这令我毛骨悚然 • to get it up slang 勃起

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• get 'em up! colloquial 举起手来！ E [get something up, get up something] transitive verb (organize) 组织

• to get up a petition/speech 发起请愿/构思演讲 • to get up a crowd of protestors 组织一群抗议者 F reflexive verb to get oneself up (dress up)打扮

▪ get up to

transitive verb [get up to something] 1. (reach) 到达 ‹stage, point›

• I've got up to page 17 我看到第17页了 2. (do) 忙于

• to get up to mischief 调皮捣蛋

• what did you get up to today? 你今天折腾什么了？ Go的短语

▪ go about

A [go about something] transitive verb 1. (undertake) 着手处理

• how do you go about losing weight? 你是如何开始减肥的？ 2. (be busy with) 忙于

• I'm just going about my business 我正忙着我的事呢 3. (move round) 四处走动

• he goes about town in a Rolls 他开着一辆劳斯莱斯到处转 B intransitive verb 1. (associate) 交往

• he's going about with an unpleasant set of people 他结交了一帮不三不四的人

• she's going about with Paul now 她现在和保罗泡在一起 2. to go about doing [something] (make habit of)习惯于做某事 • he goes about boasting about his new job 他总是吹嘘他的新工作

3. (circulate) 散布

• he caught a bug that's going about 他染上了一种流行传染病 • there's a story going about that ... 有传言说… 4. Nautical 改变航程

▪ go across

A transitive verb [go across something] 穿过 • to go across the street/river 穿过街道/过河 B intransitive verb 穿过

• she went across to Mrs Brown's 她去了路对面布朗太太家

▪ go after

transitive verb [to go after something/somebody] 1. (chase) 追赶 2. (aim for) 追求

• he's really going after that job 他确实在谋求那份工作

▪ go against

transitive verb [go against something] 1. (resist, oppose, conflict with) 违背

• it goes against my conscience 这有违我的良心 • to go against the tide 逆潮流而动 2. (prove unfavourable to) 对…不利

• the vote/verdict went against him 投票/裁决对他不利 • if fate goes against us 如果我们不走运

▪ go ahead

intransitive verb

1. (go in front) 走在前面

• go ahead, I'll follow on 你先走，我随后就去

2. to go ahead of [somebody]/[something] (overtake)领先某人/某物 • Arsenal went ahead of their rivals 阿森纳队领先于对手 3. (proceed) 开始进行

• to go ahead (with [something]) 开始进行（某事） • go ahead and shoot! 快开枪！

• next week's strike is to go ahead 下个星期的罢工将照常进行 • to go ahead with the plan 实行计划 4. (progress) 继续进行

• work is going ahead steadily 工作正在稳步开展

▪ go along

A intransitive verb

1. (go as companion) 一起去

• he's asked me to go along (with him) 他请我（跟他）一起去 2. (move along) 沿某物向前移动 3. figurative (progress) 进行

• he's making it up as he goes along 他现编现讲 B transitive verb [go along something] (move along) 沿…向前移动

• to go along the road 沿马路向前走

▪ go along with

transitive verb [go along with something/somebody] 1. (obey) 服从

• I didn't agree, but I went along with her wishes 我没有同意，但我顺从了她的愿望 2. (agree with) 赞同

• I can't go along with that 那件事我不能同意

▪ go around

intransitive verb, transitive verb especially American = go round

▪ go at

transitive verb [go at something/somebody] 1. (set to work on) 开始处理

• you're going at it the wrong way 你的方法错了 2. (attack) 攻击

• the dog went at the postman 那只狗扑向邮递员 3. (eat greedily) 贪婪地吃

4. (play, do energetically) 卖力干 5. (be sold at) 以…的价格出售

▪ go away

intransitive verb 1. (leave) 离开

• go away and leave me alone! 走开，别烦我！

• don't go away thinking or with the idea that ... 别以为… • to go away (on holiday British or vacationAmerican) 去度假 2. (disappear) «problem» 消失

▪ go back

intransitive verb

1. (return, turn back) 返回

• they went back home 他们回家了

• she won't go back to her husband 她不肯回到她丈夫身边 • to go back on one's steps 顺原路返回 • to go back on one's word 食言

• this dress will have to go back 这件连衣裙得退回去 • to go back to the beginning 回到开始

• once you've committed yourself, there's no going back 你一旦作出承诺就不能反悔

2. (extend backwards) 向后延伸

• the cave goes back 300 metres 这个洞进深300米

3. to go back to [something]/doing [something] (revert) 恢复某事物/做某事

• to go back to sleep 再入睡

• to go back to the old system/one's former habits 恢复旧制度/先前的习惯

• to go back to teaching 重新执教 4. (look back in time) 回忆

• my memory doesn't go so far back/back that far 我记不起那么久远的事情

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• to understand the problem we must go back fifty years 要弄清这个问题，我们必须回到50年以前 5. (have history tracing back to) 追溯

• the family goes back to the Norman Conquest 这个家族可追溯到诺曼征服时期

• we go back a long way 我们认识很久了

▪ go before

A transitive verb [go before somebody/something] 1. (go in front of) 到…前面

• the trumpeters went before the procession 号手们走在队列前面 2. Law, Politics «accused person» 到…前 ‹court›; «case» 提交给 • the bill went before parliament 这项议案提交给了议会 3. (live earlier than) 在世时间早于 B intransitive verb

1. (happen earlier) 先发生

• all that has gone before 先前发生的一切 2. literary (go in front) 走到前面

• he went before to warn them 他走上前去向他们提出警告

▪ go below

intransitive verb Nautical 到下层甲板

▪ go by

A intransitive verb 1. (elapse, pass) 过去

• as time goes by 随着时间流逝 2. (move by) «person» 走过; «vehicle» 驶过 3. (be lost) «opportunity, chance» 错失

B transitive verb [go by something/somebody] 1. (obey, proceed by) 按照

• to go by the position of the sun 按照太阳的位置 • promotion goes by seniority 按照资历晋升 2. (be lost to) 被…错过

• the opportunity went right by her 机会和她擦肩而过 3. (judge by) 以…判断

• to go by appearances 凭外表判断

• going by her looks, she's under 20 从她的外表来看，她不到20岁

• if the trailer is anything to go by, it should be a good film 如果预告片可信，这应该是部好电影 4. (be called by) 被叫做

• to go by another name 叫另一个名字

▪ go down

A intransitive verb 1. (descend) «person» 下楼; «vehicle» 下行; «road» 向下延伸 • ‘going down!’ “下行！” 2. (fall) «person, animal, building» 倒下; «aircraft» 坠落 3. (set) «sun, moon» 落下

• when the sun went down on the Roman Empire 当罗马帝国最终灭亡时 4. (sink) 沉没

• most of the passengers went down with the ship 大多数乘客随船一起沉到水下 5. (lessen) «tide» 退下; «sea» 退潮; «water level, temperature» 下降

• when the floods go down 当洪水落下时 • his fever is going down 他正在退烧 6. (lower body) 俯身

• to go down on all fours «person, animal» 趴下 7. (be swallowed) «food» 被吞下; «drink» 被喝下 • it went down the wrong way 它咽到气管里了

8. to go down to [something] (continue)继续下去到某处

• if you go down to the bottom of the page you will see that ... 如果你读到这一页的最下面你会看到…

• the championship went down to the last race 直到最后一项比赛

才决出冠军 9. (extend) «area of land, building» 向前延伸; «garment» 垂下 • the skirt goes down to the ankles 这条裙子长及脚踝 10. (deflate) «tyre, balloon» 瘪下去 11. (get less swollen) «swelling» 消退; «ankle, knee» 消肿 12. (reduce in value, size, price) «standard, quality, price» 下降; «commodity» 降价; «food» 变差; «shares, fund, value» 贬值; «amount, number» 减少; «weight» 降低

• she's gone down in my estimation 我对她的看法不如以前了 • the picture has gone down in value 那幅画贬值了 • our readership has gone down 我们的读者减少了 • I went down to 100 lbs 我的体重降到了100磅 13. (be downgraded) 降级

• the team went down to the second division 这支队降到了乙级 • to go down a class School 降一级 14. (be defeated) «competitor, team» 被击败

• Spain went down to Holland 2-1 西班牙队以1:2输给了荷兰队 • at least they went down fighting 至少他们是战败的 15. (go south) «person, vehicle» 南下; «road» 向南延伸

• we went down to Marseilles from Paris 我们从巴黎南下到了马赛

16. (go from capital) 离开首都 (go from centre) 离开中心地区 • to go down to the country/the sea 去乡下/海边 • to go down from London 离开伦敦

17. British colloquial (leave university) 离校 [尤指离开牛津或剑桥]

• he went down (from Oxford)in 1985 他于1985年（自牛津）大学毕业

18. British colloquial (go to prison) 进监狱 19. (be remembered) 被记住

• he will go down as a great statesman 他作为一个伟大的政治家将名垂青史

20. (be recorded) 被记录

• it all goes down in his diary 这都记在他的日记里 21. (be received) 被接受

• to go down well/badly 受到/不受欢迎 22. Theatre «curtain» 落下 23. Computing «computer, system» 暂停运行 24. colloquial (happen) 发生

• I knew something was going down 我早知道有事会发生 B transitive verb [go down something] 1. (move down) 下行

• the car was going down the hill 汽车正沿山坡下行 • a shiver went down my spine 我背上一阵发冷 2. (go to) 前去

• she's gone down the shops 她去了商店

▪ go down on

transitive verb [go down on somebody] taboo slang 对…口交

▪ go down with

transitive verb [go down with something] 患…病 • to go down with flu/a cold 患流感/感冒

▪ go for

transitive verb [go for somebody/something]

1. (attack physically) 袭击 (attack verbally) 抨击 • the two youths went for him 那两个年轻人揍了他 • go for him, boy! (to dog) 去咬他，小家伙！

• his wife really went for him 他妻子狠狠地数落了他 2. (like) 喜欢

• he doesn't go for modern art much 他不太喜欢现代艺术 3. (choose) 选择

• designers have gone for a romantic look this year 设计师们今年选择了浪漫的风格

4. (attempt to achieve) 争取

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• to go for gold/the world record 争取得金牌/打破世界记录 • the company is going for a new image 公司正努力改变形象 • go for it! colloquial 努力争取吧！ 5. (apply to) 适用于

• the same goes for Poland too 波兰也是如此

• that goes for me too (applies to me) 我也一样 colloquial (I agree) 我同意

6. (be sold at) 以…的价格出售 • the house went for over £450,000 这房子售价超过45万英镑 7. to have something/everything going for one (being favourable to)有某些/一切有利条件

• he's got a lot going for him 他有很多优势

▪ go forth

intransitive verb literary

1. (go out) 出发 (go onwards) 前进

• go forth and multiply (biblical command) 去繁衍生息吧 2. (be issued) «order, command» 被传达

▪ go forward intransitive verb 1. (advance) 行进

2. (progress) 取得进展

• to go forward to the final 进入决赛

3. (proceed) to go forward with [something] 开始某事 • to go forward with construction work 开始施工

▪ go in

A intransitive verb 1. (enter, attend) 进入

• I don't have to go in (to work)today 我今天不必去上班 2. (fit) «key, pin, box» 放得进

• listen carefully: I want this to go in figurative 仔细听着：我要你明白这个

3. (go behind cloud) «sun, moon» 躲进云层 4. Military, Police 发动进攻

• the police went in to break up the demonstration 警察冲进来驱散示威群众

B transitive verb [go in something] 1. (enter) 进入 ‹building, shop› 2. (fit in) «key, pin, box» 放得进

• the box was too big to go in the cupboard 这箱子太大，放不进橱柜里

▪ go in for

transitive verb [go in for something] 1. (be keen on) 热衷于

• he goes in for opera in a big way 他非常喜欢歌剧 2. British (enter for) 参加 ‹competition, test›

▪ go into

transitive verb [go into something] 1. (enter place) 进入

• to go into hospital 住院 2. (enter state) 进入…状态

• to go into a coma/deep sleep 昏迷/陷入沉睡 3. (fit inside) 能放进

• will this go into the bag? 这个能放进包里吗？ 4. Mathematics 能除尽

• 6 goes into 18 three times 6除18得3 5. (hit) 撞上

• we went into a lamp post 我们撞了一根灯柱 6. (examine, investigate) 调查

• to go into a question/case 研究问题/调查案件 7. (explain) 解释

• I won't go into why I did it 我不会解释我的动机的 8. (launch into, begin to do) 开始

• to go into a long explanation 开始长篇大论地解释 • the car went into a skid 汽车开始打滑 9. (be expended on) 花费在…上

• after all the money/work that has gone into this 在这上面投入了这么多钱/做了这么多工作之后 10. Publishing 以…形式出版

• to go into paperback/its tenth edition 以简装本出版/出到第10版

▪ go off

A intransitive verb 1. (depart) 离开

• he went off to work 他去上班了

• the goalkeeper had to go off 守门员不得不退场 2. (be fired) «gun» 开火 3. (explode) «bomb» 爆炸 4. (sound) «alarm» 响起 5. (leave work) 下班

6. Theatre (leave stage) 下场 7. British (go bad) «food, drink» 变质

• the wine/milk went off 葡萄酒坏了/牛奶馊了 8. (cease to operate) 停止运作

• the power/light went off 停电了/熄灯了 9. (fall asleep) 入睡 10. (deteriorate) 变坏

• the flowers are going off now 这些花蔫了 11. (grow less intense) 减轻

• the pain is going off a bit 疼痛有所缓解 12. (happen, take place) 进行

• the concert went off very well 音乐会办得很成功 13. (enter state) to go off into [something] 进入某种状态 • she went off into a trance 她陷入昏睡

14. (launch into) to go off into [something] 开始某事 • she went off into a monologue 她开始长篇大论 B transitive verb [go off somebody/something] British colloquial 开始厌烦

• to go off one's boyfriend 不再喜欢自己的男友

▪ go off with transitive verb

1. [go off with something] (take away) 擅自拿走

• he's gone off with my keys 他顺手牵羊拿走了我的钥匙 • she went off with all his money 她卷走了他所有的钱 2. [go off with somebody] (leave with) 与…私奔 • he's gone off with my wife 他和我老婆私奔了

▪ go on

A intransitive verb

1. (continue onwards) 继续行进

• you go on, we'll follow 你先走，我们随后

• after stopping at Carlisle, this train goes on to Glasgow 在卡莱尔停靠之后，这趟列车接着开往格拉斯哥 2. (happen, take place) 发生

• what's going on here? 这里发生什么事了？ 3. (continue) 继续

• we can't go on like this 我们不能这样继续下去 • go on, we're listening 接着说，我们听着呢

• the meeting went on into the afternoon 会一直开到下午

• as the evening went on, he became more animated 夜渐深，他越发活跃了

• go on, have a sherry! 来，喝杯雪利酒！ • go on (with you)! colloquial 去你的吧！ • it went on raining 雨不停地下着

4. to go on to [something]/to do [something] (proceed to do)继而做某事

• to go on to the next item 接着处理下一项 • she went on to explain that ... 她随后解释说…

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5. (progress) 取得进展

• how's the patient/business going on? 病人/生意怎么样了？ 6. to be going on (for)[something] (be approaching)接近某物 • it's going on for 5 o'clock 快5点了

• he's thirty, going on thirty one 他30岁了，快到31 7. (elapse) 过去

8. colloquial (behave) 表现

• to go on in a dreadful way 表现糟糕 9. (manage) 维持 • here's £50 to be going on with 眼下有50英镑可以将就 10. (keep talking) 唠叨

• ‘you know,’she went on, ‘it's ridiculous’ “你知道，”她唠叨着说，“这很可笑”

• to go on and on 唠叨个没完

• to go on at [somebody] 对某人叨扰 11. Theatre, Sport «actor, substitute» 上场

• A went on (for B)in the second half A在下半场上场（替换了B） 12. (fit) «fitment, component» 安装上; «garment» 穿上; «piece of jewellery» 戴上

• the ring won't go on 戒指戴不上

• the top goes on like this 盖子是这样盖的 13. (begin to operate) «machine» 开始运作

• the heating goes on at 6 o'clock 6点钟开始供暖 B transitive verb [go on something] 1. (fit) «fitment, component» 安装到…上; «garment» 穿到…上; «piece of jewellery» 戴到…上 2. (judge by) 依…判断

• the police had no clues to go on 警方没有线索可循 3. (take part in) 参加

• she's gone on a training course 她报名上了一门培训课 4. (undertake) 开始

• to go on a training regime 开始常规训练 5. (be spent on) 花费在…上

• most of his money goes on drink 他的钱大部分都花在喝酒上了

6. to be gone on [something] colloquial (like)喜欢某物

• I'm really gone on that new car of his 我真的喜欢他那辆新车 7. (ride on) 乘坐

• to go on the swing 荡秋千 8. (be fuelled by) 以…为燃料

• to go on petrol/diesel 以汽油/柴油为燃料 C going on (for) preposition phrase 将近 • it'll cost going on (for)£70 它要花将近70英镑

▪ go on to

transitive verb [go on to something] «component, lid» 安装到…上; «garment» 适合…穿; «piece of jewellery» 适合…戴

• the ring won't go on to the right finger 戒指没法戴到该戴的手指上

▪ go out

intransitive verb

1. (go outside, leave) 出门 (for specific purpose) 外出做事 (socially) 出门交际

• to go out for a walk 出去散步

• she likes going out 她喜欢外出参加社交活动 • to go out to the shops 去商店

• to go out riding/shopping 外出骑马/购物

2. to go out to somewhere (travel long distance)到某地长途旅行 (travel to emigrate)移居国外某地

• they went out to Nigeria 他们去尼日利亚了 3. (be sent out, published, broadcast) «information» 发布; «summons, invitation» 发出; «publication» 发表; «TV, radio programme» 播放

• the magazine goes out to all our subscribers 这份杂志分发给我们所有的订阅者

• the news/word went out that ... 有消息说/据说…

• a warrant has gone out for her arrest 已对她发出逮捕令 • the programme is going out live 这个节目正在现场直播

4. to go out with [somebody] (have relationship with)与某人约会 • he's been going out with Jane 他一直在和简约会 • they started to go out together 他们开始相恋 5. to go out to [somebody] (be offered) «sympathy, compassion» 表露给某人

• my heart went out to him in his sorrow 他伤心时我很同情他 • all our sympathy goes out to you 我们非常同情你 6. (recede) «tide» 退潮 7. (be extinguished) «light, fire, cigarette» 熄灭 • I went out like a light 我立刻睡着了 8. (become unfashionable) «fashion, activity» 过时

• ankle-length skirts went out two years ago 长及脚踝的裙子两年前就不时兴了

9. (be discontinued) «custom, institution» 消失

• gas lighting went out and was replaced by electricity 煤气照明被电力取代，不再使用了

▪ go out of

transitive verb [go out of something] 1. (leave) 从…中出来

• the cat went out of the door 猫从门出去了

• all my hopes went out of the window 我的希望全破灭了 2. (disappear from) 从…中消失

• all the spirit seemed to have gone out of her 她似乎丧失了一切斗志

• the romance had gone out of their relationship 他们之间已经没有爱情了

▪ go over

A intransitive verb 1. (cross over) 穿过去

• he went over and asked her 他走过去问她 • a plane went over 一架飞机从上空飞过 2. (overturn) 倾覆

• the car hit the kerb and went right over 汽车撞在路缘上一下子翻了

3. (be received) 受欢迎

• his speech went over well 他的演讲很受欢迎 • to go over big colloquial 很成功 B transitive verb [go over something] 1. (visit, tour) 参观

• we went over the house with our hosts/the estate agent 我们随主人/房地产经纪人看了房子

• there's no point in going over old ground 没有必要旧事重提 2. (check, inspect) 检查 ‹report, accounts› 3. (review) 回顾

• to go over the explanation again 再解释一遍

• she went over the events of the day in her mind 她把白天发生的事在脑子里过了一遍

• to go over one's lines 复习台词 4. (clean) 打扫

• I went over the carpet with the vacuum cleaner 我用吸尘器清理了地毯

5. (spend more than) 超出 • don't go over £40 不要超过40英镑 6. (retrace) 润饰

• he went over the drawing in ink 他用墨水把图描画了一遍

▪ go over to

transitive verb [go over to somebody/something] 1. (cross over to, travel to) 向…走过去

• she went over to him/the window 她走到他身边/窗户前

• the ferry goes over to Calais twice a day 渡船每天去加来两次 • to go over to Washington for the latest news 切换到华盛顿看最

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新消息

2. (desert to) 转投

• he went over to the Conservatives/the enemy 他转向了保守党一边/投靠了敌人

3. (switch to) 转变到 ‹system, function›

• they've gone over to gas central heating 他们已改用煤气中央供暖系统

• the factory went over to making doughnuts 这家工厂改做甜甜圈了

▪ go round

A intransitive verb 1. (spin) «wheel, propeller» 转动

• the tape was still going round 磁带还在转 2. (move about) 到处走动

• to go round barefoot 光着脚到处跑 3. (suffice) 足够分发

• there aren't enough books/there isn't enough food to go round 书/食物不够分

4. (make detour) 绕道

• to go a/the long way round 绕行很长的/这条很长的路 • we went round via Manchester 我们绕道曼切斯特 5. (call round) 去拜访

• to go round to or and see [somebody] 去看望某人 • we went round to Jim's house 我们去吉姆家了 6. (associate) 经常在一起

• he's going round with a bad bunch 他和一帮坏人混在一起 • she's going round with Paul now 她正在和保罗谈恋爱

7. to go round doing [something] pejorative (make habit of)习惯于做某事

• he goes round boasting about his new job 他总是吹嘘他的新工作

8. (circulate) 散布

• he caught a bug that's going round 他染上了一种流行传染病 • there's a story going round that ... 有传言说… B transitive verb [go round somebody/something] 1. (encircle) 围绕

• the belt wouldn't go round me 这皮带的长度还不及我的腰围 • the rope went round the tree twice 绳子绕树两圈 2. (move about) 在…到处走动

• he went round several companies trying to sell the idea 他到几家公司游说他的想法

3. (turn) 绕过 ‹corner, obstacle›

• the car went round the roundabout the wrong way 那辆车在环岛处拐错了方向

▪ go through

A intransitive verb

1. (move or travel through) 通过 • please go (on)through 请进去吧 2. (be successfully completed) «deal, transaction» 达成 3. (progress) 往下进行

• they need only a draw to go through 他们只需要打成平局就能进入下一轮比赛

4. Law, Politics (be approved) 获得通过

• the bill failed to go through 法案没有通过 B transitive verb [go through something] 1. (move or travel through) 通过

• to go through the gate/tunnel 穿过大门/隧道

• to go through the switchboard/the right authorities 经过交换台/通过正当的官方

• the table won't go through the door 桌子没法通过这道门 • it went through my mind that ... 我想起…

2. (search) 查遍 ‹files›; 搜遍 ‹suitcase, drawer, possessions› • to go through one's pockets/handbag 翻遍口袋/手提包

3. (inspect, check) 仔细检查 ‹document, essay, mail›; 仔细讲解 ‹text›

• let's go through the points one by one 我们把这几点逐一研究一下吧

4. (read out, specify) 一一读出

• to go through the register/list of names 点名

• please go through exactly what's needed 请一一报出所需要的东西

5. (undergo) 经历 ‹difficulties, war, period of time›; 经受 ‹test, interview›

• he went through several operations 他做过几次手术

• we've all gone through difficult times 我们全都经历过艰难时刻

• after all he's gone through 在他经历过这一切之后

• he went through the day in a haze 他迷迷糊糊地度过了一天 6. (perform, accomplish) 完成

• he went through the day's work in a couple of hours 他用了几个小时便做完了白天的工作

• to go through the formalities 办手续 7. (rehearse) 排练

• let's go through the whole scene once more 我们把这一场再排练一遍

8. (progress through) 经过 ‹draft›

• the plan went through several stages 计划经过了几个阶段

• this book has already gone through 13 editions 这本书已经连续出了13版

9. (consume, use up) 用完

• we went through four bottles of wine 我们喝了4瓶葡萄酒 • he has gone through four cars/secretaries humorous 他开坏了4辆汽车/用过4个秘书 10. (make hole in) 磨破

11. Law, Politics (be approved) 在…获得通过

• the bill is going through the upper house 议案正在上院审议

▪ go through with

transitive verb [go through with something] 努力完成

• they went through with their marriage for appearances' sake 他们为了面子操办了婚礼

▪ go together intransitive verb 1. (harmonize, be compatible) «furnishings» 协调; «clothes, people» 相配

• these colours don't really go together 这些颜色不十分搭配 • lamb and mint sauce go well together 羊肉和薄荷汁很对味 2. (co-exist) 共存

• poverty and crime often go together 贫穷和犯罪往往相伴而生

▪ go towards

transitive verb [go towards something] 作为…的部分款项

• the money will go towards a new car 这笔钱将用于购买新车

▪ go under

A intransitive verb 1. (sink, submerge) «ship» 沉没; «person» 沉入水中 2. (fail) 失败

• his business finally went under 他的公司最终倒闭了 B transitive verb [go under something] 叫做 • he goes under the name of Brown 他名叫布朗

▪ go up

A intransitive verb 1. (ascend) 上去

• the children went up to bed 孩子们上床了 • ‘going up!’ “上行！”

• to go up in the world (in status) 飞黄腾达 (in wealth) 发迹 2. (rise up) 升起

• a cloud of dust went up as they rode past 他们骑车经过时带起了一股灰尘

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3. (continue) to go up to [something] «account, book» 延续到… • the series goes up to 1990 这个系列写到1990年 • I went up to £100 but I didn't get it (at auction) 我出价到100英镑，但没把它拍到手

4. (extend upwards) 向上延伸 (extend along) 向前延伸

• the road goes up as far as the summit 这条路向上通往山顶 • the socks went up to his knees 这双袜子长及他的膝部 5. (be erected or installed) «building» 被建造; «poster» 被张贴; «flag» 升起

• new office blocks are going up 正在兴建新办公大楼 6. (increase) 增长

• the house went up in value 这所房子升值了 • our membership has gone up 我们的会员增加了 7. (be upgraded) 升级

• the team went up to the first division 这支队升到了甲级 • to go up a class School 升一级 8. (improve) 提高

• standards are going up 标准正在提高

• he's gone up in my estimation 我对他的看法比以前好了 9. (go north) 北上

• they've gone up to Scotland 他们北上苏格兰了 10. (go to capital) 前往首都 (go to centre) 前往中心 • to go up to London 上伦敦去

11. (be destroyed by explosion) 被炸毁 (be destroyed by fire) 被烧毁

• the house went up in flames/smoke 那所房子火光熊熊/烟雾腾腾

12. British colloquial (start university) 上大学 (start term) 开学 13. (be emitted) «noise» 爆发

• cheers/a shout went up from the crowd 人群中爆发出欢呼声/喊叫声

14. (approach) 走近 ‹place, person› • I went up to the bar 我走到酒吧柜台

• he went up to Lewis and punched him 他走近刘易斯，打了他一拳

B transitive verb [go up something] 1. (ascend) 上到 ‹mountain, hill› 2. (go along) 沿…前行

• she's just gone up the street 她刚刚沿街道走过去

▪ go with

A [go with something] transitive verb 1. (be compatible with) 与…相配

• white wine goes with fish better than red wine 白葡萄酒配鱼要比红葡萄酒更对味

2. (accompany) 与…并存

• responsibility goes with motherhood 为人母亲即意味着责任 • the house goes with the job 做这份工作能享用这所房子 3. (follow) 顺应

• to go with the times/the crowd 合乎时代/随大溜 B [go with somebody] transitive verb 1. (accompany) 与…一起

2. colloquial (spend time with) 和…相好

▪ go without

A transitive verb [go without something] 没有…而勉强应付 • to go without food 挨饿

• it goes without saying that ... 显而易见… B intransitive verb 没有也行

• if you can't afford lunch, you'll have to go without 如果你买不起午饭，就只好将就着不吃了 Hold的短语

▪ hold against

transitive verb [hold something against somebody] 因…降低对…的评价

• I never held that against you 我从没有因为那件事而轻视你

▪ hold back A [hold back somebody/something, hold somebody/something back] transitive verb 1. (restrain) 阻止 ‹person›

• to hold [somebody] back from doing [something] 阻止某人做某事

• to hold back a crowd 拦住人群 2. (keep in check) «wall, dam» 挡住 ‹animals, mob, water› 3. (keep in place) «person, clip» 固定 ‹hair› 4. figurative (suppress) 抑制 ‹emotions›

• to hold back one's laughter/anger 忍住不笑/压住怒火 5. (block) 妨碍

• to hold back the tide of reform 阻挡改革的浪潮 • to be held back in one's career 在事业上受阻 6. (not reveal)向某人隐瞒 ‹information, truth›

• to hold back the results of the investigation 对调查结果秘而不宣

• she's holding something back from us 她有什么事瞒着我们 7. (not give) 扣住 ‹payment, goods›

B [hold somebody back] transitive verb (deter) 阻止

• consideration for her held him back from saying what he really thought 考虑到她的感受，他没有说出自己的真实想法 C intransitive verb 犹豫

• to hold back from signing a contract 犹豫着不签合约 • I held back (hesitated) 我犹豫着 (waited) 我等着

▪ hold down transitive verb [hold somebody/something down, hold down somebody/something] 1. (keep from moving)

• to hold [somebody]/[something] down 按住 • to be held down with tacks 被大头钉钉住了

2. (by pressing) 压住 ‹key, switch, lever›; 踩住 ‹pedal› 3. (keep level) 控制 ‹prices, expense, number› 4. (have) 有 ‹job› (keep) 保住 ‹job›

• to hold down two jobs at once 同时做两份工作 5. figurative (oppress) 压制

• a dictator who held his people down 压迫人民的独裁者

▪ hold forth

intransitive verb pejorative 夸夸其谈

• to hold forth on or about [something] 滔滔不绝地谈论某事物

▪ hold in

transitive verb [hold something in, hold in something] 1. (pull in) 收缩

• to hold one's stomach/chest in 收腹/含胸 2. (restrain) 抑制 ‹emotions, temper› • to hold one's feelings in 克制感情

• I couldn't hold in my anger 我压不住自己的怒火

▪ hold off

A intransitive verb (not happen) «rain, snow» 不下; «winter» 不来临

• the storm held off until we got home 我们到家之后暴风雨才来 B transitive verb [hold off somebody/something, hold somebody/something off] 1. (repel) 抵挡住 ‹attacker, attack›

2. (beat) 战胜 ‹challenger, competitor›; 赢得 ‹challenge› 3. (stall) 拖住 ‹creditors, reporters›

4. to hold off doing [something] (delay)推迟做某事

• we held off telling her for a few days 我们推迟了几天才告诉她

▪ hold on

A intransitive verb 1. (wait) 等待

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• hold on! let me get my breath back! 等一下！让我喘口气！ • hold on! I'll get him 稍等！我去叫他来 2. (grip) 抓牢

• hold on tight! 抓紧！

• to hold on with both hands 双手抓紧

• the dog held on (with its teeth) 这条狗（用牙齿）紧紧咬住不松口

3. (endure) 坚持

• hold on! Help is on its way 坚持住！救援马上就到 B transitive verb [hold something on] 固定 • to be held on with glue 用胶水粘住

▪ hold on to

transitive verb [hold on to somebody/something] 1. (grip) 抓牢

• to hold on to one's hat 按住帽子 • hold on to the dog 把狗牵好 2. (keep) 保有 ‹object, property›

• this is worth holding on to 这值得保留

3. figurative (retain) 保持 ‹hope, dreams, position› • to hold on to one's lead 保持领先

• he held on to his belief that ... 他坚持认为… 4. (look after) 保管 ‹money, keys›

• to hold on to [something] for [somebody] 为某人保管某物

▪ hold out

A transitive verb

1. [hold out something, hold something out] (stretch out, offer) 伸出 ‹hand›; 递出 ‹object›

• to hold one's hand out for a cup 伸手去拿一个杯子 • to hold out a cup to [somebody] 递给某人一个杯子 2. [hold out something, hold something out] (retain)

• to hold out hope for [something] 一直对某事物抱希望

• I don't hold out much hope of them paying 我对他们付钱的事不抱多大希望

3. [hold out something] (provide) 提供 ‹chance›; 带来 ‹hope› • to hold out the prospect of [something] 使某事有可能 B intransitive verb 1. (last) «stocks, fuel» 维持 2. (resist)

• to hold out (against [somebody]/[something]) 抵抗 ‹enemy, attack› 抵制 ‹changes, reform›

• to hold out against [somebody's] threats 面对某人的威胁拒不妥协

▪ hold out for

transitive verb [hold out for something] 坚持要求 ‹pay rise, better conditions, improved offer›

▪ hold out on

transitive verb [hold out on somebody] colloquial 瞒着

• she's holding out on you! 她一直瞒着你！

▪ hold over

transitive verb [hold something over, hold over something] 1. (postpone) 推迟 ‹decision, programme›

2. (continue to show) 延长…的演出期 ‹play›; 延长…的放映期 ‹film›; 延长…的开放期 ‹exhibition›

• the show was held over for five more performances 这场表演又续演5场了

▪ hold to

transitive verb [hold to something]

1. (maintain) 坚持 ‹belief, principle, decision› • to hold to one's promise 恪守诺言

2. [hold somebody to something] (make sb. fulfil sth.) 使履

行 ‹agreement, contract›

• he held her to her promise 他要求她恪守诺言 • I'll hold you to that! 你要说话算话！

▪ hold together

A intransitive verb 1. (not break) 保持完整

• this car is scarcely holding together 这辆车快要散架了 2. (remain united) «group» 保持团结

• to hold together in times of crisis 在危难时刻团结一致

B transitive verb [hold something together] 使…保持完整 ‹car, machine›; 使…连在一起 ‹papers, pieces›

• to be held together with a paper clip 用回形针别在一起 • to hold the family together 使全家人凝聚在一起

▪ hold up

A transitive verb [hold something up, hold up something] 1. (support) 支撑 ‹roof, tent›

• her trousers were held up by a drawstring 她的裤子是用拉带系着的

2. (lift) 举起 ‹object›

• hold your hand up, hold up your hand 举手 • hold your head up 把头抬起来

• to hold up two fingers 竖起两根手指

3. to hold [somebody]/[something] up as [something] (present)将某人/某事物作为…举例

• to hold [somebody] up as a model of good behaviour 拿某人作良好表现的榜样

• to hold [somebody]/[something] up to ridicule/scorn 嘲笑/鄙视某人/某事物

4. (delay) 延误 ‹departure› (obstruct) 拦住 ‹procession› • to hold up the traffic 阻碍交通

• sorry we're late: we were held up 很抱歉我们迟到了：我们被耽搁了

5. (rob) [尤指持枪] 抢劫 ‹person, bank› B intransitive verb

1. (remain intact) 保持完好

• the hut held up 小屋仍完好地矗立着

• these shoes will not hold up much longer 这些鞋子穿不了太久了

2. (remain valid) «argument, theory» 站得住脚

• his excuse didn't hold up under scrutiny 他的理由经不起推敲 3. (remain strong) «person» 保持健康; «support» 依然有力; «currency» 仍然坚挺

• the Labour vote held up well 工党的得票总数保持高态势

▪ hold with

transitive verb [hold with something] 赞成 ‹idea, system›

• I don't hold with keeping animals in cages 我反对把动物关在笼内

Keep的短语

▪ keep after

transitive verb [keep after somebody/something] 1. (pursue) 紧紧追赶 ‹thief, vehicle›

2. (nag) 不断催 ‹debtor›; 唠唠叨叨地催 ‹child›

▪ keep at

transitive verb

1. [keep at something] (persevere at) 坚持 ‹work, studies› • keep at it! 加油！

2. to keep [somebody] at ... (make persevere at)使坚持 ‹work, studies›

• she kept him at his scales 她让他一直练习音阶 3. [keep at somebody] colloquial (nag) 缠住…不放

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▪ keep away

A transitive verb [keep somebody/something away] 1. (repel) 赶走 • to keep [somebody]/[something] away from [somebody]/[something] 不让某人/某物接近某人/某物 • keep the flies away from the food 别让苍蝇靠近食物 2. (prevent from going somewhere or doing sth.) 阻碍 • to keep [somebody]/[something] away from [somebody]/[something] 阻碍某人/某物接近某人/某物

• bad weather kept the tourists away 恶劣的天气阻碍了游客前来旅游

• am I keeping you away from your work? 我妨碍你工作了吗？ • to keep [something] away from small children 把某物放在小孩拿不到的地方 B intransitive verb to keep away (from [somebody]/[something]) 避开（某人/某事物）

• keep away from the edge/that man 离边缘/那个男人远一点

▪ keep back

A transitive verb [keep somebody/something back, keep back somebody/something]

1. (hold back) 阻挡 ‹fans, cattle›

• to keep one's hair back with an elastic band 用橡皮筋把头发束在脑后

• to keep the crowd back from the stage 阻挡观众靠近舞台 2. (restrain) 忍住 ‹tears, laughter› 3. (retain) 留出 ‹money, food› 4. (conceal) 隐瞒 ‹information›

• to keep back the results of the survey 不公布调查结果 5. (prevent) 妨碍 ‹person›

• don't let me keep you back 别让我误了你的事 6. School (cause to repeat year) 使…留级 ‹student› • he was kept back a year 他留了一级

7. British School (as punishment) 罚…留下 ‹pupil› • to be kept back after school 放学后被罚留在学校 B intransitive verb to keep back (from [somebody]/[something]) 不靠近（某人/某事物） • keep back from the fire 不要接近火

• he warned spectators to keep well back 他警告观众远远靠后站

▪ keep down

A transitive verb [keep somebody/something down, keep down somebody/something] 1. (hold down) 压住

• I put bricks on the corners of the tarpaulin to keep it down 我用砖压住油布的四角不让它翘起来

• keep that dog down! 别让那只狗乱跳！ 2. (repress) 压迫 ‹person›

• he won't be kept down 他很难制服

• you can't keep a good man down 有志向的人是什么困难都压不倒的

3. (control) 控制 ‹costs, pollution› • to keep the weeds down 除草

4. (reduce) 降低 ‹interest rates, noise› • keep your voice down! 小声点！

5. (hold in stomach) 不呕吐出来 ‹food, liquid›

• she couldn't keep anything down 她吃什么就吐什么 6. British School (cause to repeat year) 使…留级 ‹student› B intransitive verb keep down! 蹲下！

• we kept down while the security patrol passed by on the other side of the wall 保安巡逻队经过墙的另一边时，我们蹲了下来

▪ keep from

A transitive verb

1. to keep from doing [something] (refrain)忍住不做某事 • she couldn't keep from laughing 她忍俊不禁

2. to keep [somebody] from [something]/doing [something] (prevent)

使某人避免某事物/阻止某人做某事

• am I keeping you from your work/doing your work? 我耽误你工作了吗？

• the thing that kept me from dismissing her was ... 我没解雇她的理由是…

3. [keep somebody/something from something] (protect) 使…免受…侵害

• God will keep you from harm 上帝保佑你不受伤害 • to be kept from temptation 远离诱惑

4. [keep something from somebody] (conceal) 对…隐瞒

5. [keep something from something] (stop from affecting) 使…不受…影响

• she could not keep the dismay from her voice 她声音里不禁透出沮丧

B reflexive verb to keep oneself from doing [something] 忍住不做某事

• I couldn't keep myself from yawning 我忍不住打起了哈欠

▪ keep in A transitive verb [keep somebody/something in, keep in somebody/something]

1. (cause to stay indoors) 把…关在屋里 ‹person›

• the rain kept us in all day 雨下了一整天，我们无法出门

• to keep [somebody] in for observation (in hospital) 让某人留院观察

2. School (as punishment) 罚…课后留校 ‹pupil› 3. (wear) 不摘下 ‹dentures, contact lenses› 4. (hold in) 使收进来

• to wear a corset to keep one's stomach in 戴束腹以收紧肚子 • keep your elbows in! 收起胳膊肘！ 5. (restrain) 控制 ‹emotions›

6. to keep [somebody] in [something] (provide with)向某人供给某物

• he can't afford to keep the children in shoes 他连给孩子们买鞋的钱都没有

B intransitive verb keep in! 在路内侧走！

▪ keep in with

transitive verb [keep in with somebody] British colloquial 与…保持良好关系

▪ keep off

A [keep off something] transitive verb

1. (stay away from) 勿靠近 ‹flowerbed, property› • ‘please keep off the grass’ “请勿践踏草坪” 2. (not consume) 不吃 ‹fatty foods›

• to keep off alcohol/drugs 不喝烈性酒/吸毒 3. (not mention) 不提起 ‹topic›

B [keep something off] transitive verb (not wear) 暂时不穿 ‹shoes, clothes›

• keep your hat off until you come out of the church 出了教堂再把帽子戴上

C [keep something off, keep off something] transitive verb (keep from damaging) 不让…接近 ‹pests›; 不让…弄脏 ‹rain, paint› • keep the paint off the glass 别让油漆弄脏了玻璃 • this sheet keeps the dust off 这张单子能挡灰尘

• keep the football off the flowerbeds 不要把足球踢进花圃 D [keep somebody off something] transitive verb 1. (stop from mentioning) 使…不提起

• keep her off the subject of money 不要让她提钱的事 2. (stop from consuming) 使…不吃 ‹fatty foods›

• to keep [somebody] off alcohol/cigarettes 使某人戒酒/戒烟 E intransitive verb 1. (stay away) 不靠近 • keep off! 离远点！ 2. (not start) «snow, storm» 不下

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• if the rain keeps off, we'll have lunch in the garden 如果不下雨，

我们就在花园里吃午餐

▪ keep on

A intransitive verb to keep on doing [something] (do repeatedly)反复做某事

• to keep on reminding [somebody] 不断提醒某人 B transitive verb [keep something/somebody on] 1. (hold in place) 固定 ‹hat, lid› 2. (wear) 继续穿着 ‹shoes, coat›

• can I keep my hat on? 我可以不脱帽子吗？

3. (retain) 继续雇用 ‹employee, worker›; 继续使用 ‹house, car› • she kept the flat on after she left London 她离开伦敦后并没有把公寓退掉

C intransitive verb 1. (continue)

• to keep on with [something], to keep on doing [something] (not stop) 继续做某事

• to keep on with one's studies 继续学习 • the alarm kept on ringing 闹铃响个不停 2. (continue on course) 继续前行

• keep on till you get to the station 一直往前走到车站 • keep on past the station 一直走过车站

3. to keep on about [somebody]/[something]/about doing [something] pejorative (harp on)就某人/某事物/做某事唠唠叨叨 • to keep on about the exam 老说考试的事情 • he does keep on! 他真够啰唆的！

▪ keep on at

transitive verb to keep on at [somebody] (to do [something]) 纠缠某人（做某事）

• he kept on at me to take him to the funfair 他缠着我要我带他去游乐场

▪ keep out

A intransitive verb 1. (not enter) 留在外面

• ‘keep out!’ “严禁入内！”

• to keep out of [something] 不进入 ‹place› • to keep out of the war zone 不进入战区

• to keep out of [somebody's] way or out of the way of [somebody] (not hinder) 不妨碍某人 (avoid) 避免与某人相见 2. to keep out of [something] (avoid involvement in)不卷入 ‹argument, fight›

• keep out of this! 别管这事！

• he can't keep out of mischief 他动不动就搞恶作剧

3. to keep out of the sun/rain (avoid exposure to)避免日晒/避雨 B transitive verb [keep somebody/something out] 1. (stop from entering) 使不进入

• to keep [somebody]/[something] out of [something] 阻止某人/某物进入 ‹place›

• keep that dog out of my bedroom! 别让那条狗进我的卧室！ • to keep [somebody]/[something] out of [somebody's] way or out of the way of [somebody] (prevent from hindering) 使某人/某事物不妨碍某人 (prevent from being seen) 使某人见不到某人/某事物 • keep those toys out of my way! 别让那些玩具挡我的路！ • keep the cat out of your brother's way 别让你弟弟看见猫

2. to keep [somebody]/[something] out of [something] (prevent involvement in)使某人/某事物不卷入某事 • keep him out of trouble! 别让他惹麻烦！ 3. (protect against) 抵御

• to keep out the cold/rain 御寒/挡雨

• to keep the sun out of one's eyes 让眼睛免受阳光直射

4. to keep [somebody]/[something] out of [something] (prevent exposure to)使…不接触某事物 ‹person, animal, plant› • keep the children out of danger 让孩子们远离危险

▪ keep to

A [keep to something] transitive verb 1. (follow) 不偏离 ‹road›

• to keep to the path 顺着小路走 • to keep to the left 靠左边走

2. (not deviate from) 执行 ‹schedule, plan›; 不背离 ‹one's beliefs› • to keep to the facts/the point 坚持实事求是/不跑题 • keep to the script! 按剧本表演！

3. (be bound by) 履行 ‹promise, contract›; 遵守 ‹law› 4. (stay in) 不离开 ‹place›

• to keep to one's bed/room 卧床不起/留在房间内 • to keep to oneself 不与人往来

B [keep somebody/something to something] transitive verb 1. (cause to follow) 使…不偏离 ‹road›

• to keep [somebody] to the official route 让某人不偏离官方指定路线

2. (cause to adhere to) 使…执行 ‹schedule, plan›

3. (bind by) 使履行 ‹promise, contract›; 使…遵守 ‹law› 4. (restrict) 使限制在…内 ‹size, speed›

• to keep the new version to the same length as the original 保持新版本与原版长度一致

5. to keep [something] to oneself (not share)不泄露 ‹information, secret›

• keep your opinions to yourself! 把你的意见收起来吧！ • keep your hands to yourself! colloquial 放尊重点！

▪ keep together A intransitive verb 1. (in group) 在一起

• keep together as we go through the cave 穿过山洞时我们不能走散

2. (remain synchronized) 协调一致

B transitive verb [keep somebody/something together] 1. (in group) 使在一起

• keep these papers together in a folder 把这些文件放在一个文件夹里

2. (synchronize) 使…协调一致 ‹orchestra, crew, dancers›

▪ keep up

A intransitive verb

1. (progress at same speed) «person, animal, car» 跟上

• I managed to keep up by taking work home in the evenings 我把工作带回家晚上做才跟上了进度 2. (develop at same rate) «nation, industry, rival» 保持同步 3. (learn at same rate) 跟上功课

• to have no difficulty keeping up 跟上功课毫无困难 4. (increase at same rate) «prices, wages, production» 同步增长 • inflation is rising so fast that wages can't keep up 通货膨胀迅速加剧，工资很难同步增长 5. (continue) «bad weather, rain» 持续不停 6. figurative (follow) 理解

• she changes her mind so often, I can't keep up 她主意变来变去，让我无所适从

B [keep something up, keep up something] transitive verb 1. (hold up) 使不下落

• you won't be able to keep your umbrella up in this wind 风这么大，你没法打伞的

• six pillars keep the roof up 6根柱子支撑着屋顶

2. (continue) 使…继续下去 ‹friendship, attack›; 继续 ‹studies, lessons›; 沿袭 ‹tradition, custom› • I can't keep this up for long 我坚持不了多久

• to keep up the bombardment all night 持续轰炸一整夜

• to keep up a correspondence with [somebody] 与某人保持书信来往

• to keep up the payments 按时分期付款 • keep up the good work! 继续好好干！ • keep it up! 再接再厉！

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3. (maintain at high level) 保持 ‹strength› • to keep one's spirits up 保持高昂的情绪 • to keep up moral standards 维持道德标准

• to keep up the pressure (on [somebody]) (for [something]) （为某事物）（对某人）继续施加压力 C [keep somebody up] transitive verb (prevent from sleeping) 使不能睡觉

• I hope I haven't kept you up 希望我没有耽误你睡觉

▪ keep up with

transitive verb [keep up with somebody/something]

1. (progress at same speed as) 跟上…的速度 ‹person, animal› • to keep up with the car in front 跟上前面那辆车

• to have difficulty keeping up with the others 很难跟上其他人 2. (avoid backlog of) 同步完成 ‹work, requests› • to keep up with orders 按期为订单供货

3. (develop at same rate as) 与…同步进展 ‹competitors› • to keep up with the Joneses 与人攀比

4. (increase at same rate as) 与…同步增长 ‹inflation, demand› • pensions are barely keeping up with the cost of living 养老金的增加跟不上生活费用的增长速度

5. (learn at same rate as) 和…同步学习 ‹person, class›

• to keep up with the rest of the class 跟上班里其他同学的功课 6. (understand) 理解 ‹person, explanation›

• are you keeping up with me? 你们明白我的意思吗？ 7. (know about) 保持了解

• to keep up with the latest fashions 赶时髦 • to keep up with the times 与时俱进

8. (stay in contact with) 与…保持联系 ‹friend› 9. (pay on time) 按时支付 ‹bills›

• to keep up with the payments 按期付款 Knock的短语

▪ knock about

transitive verb, intransitive verb British = knock around

▪ knock against

transitive verb [knock against somebody/something] 撞上 • to knock against each other «bottles» 互相碰撞

▪ knock around colloquial

A [knock something around] transitive verb 1. (damage) 粗暴使用

• to knock the furniture around 对家具不爱惜 2. Sport

• to knock the ball around 把球踢来踢去 3. (discuss) 非正式讨论 ‹idea›

B [knock around something] transitive verb 1. (wander) 在…闲逛 ‹area›

• trousers for knocking around the house in 家居裤 2. British (be lying around in) «object» 放在 ‹house›

C [knock somebody around] transitive verb (beat) 虐待 ‹person› • to knock [somebody] around a bit 折磨某人 D intransitive verb 1. (wander) 闲逛

• he's knocked around a bit 他游历甚广 2. British (be present) 在…地方

• where's Jane? — she's knocking around somewhere 简在哪里？──她就在附近

• to knock around together 一起厮混

• to knock around with [somebody] 常与某人厮混

▪ knock back

A [knock back something, knock something back] transitive verb 1. Sport 把…打回去 ‹ball› 2. colloquial (drink) 猛喝

• to knock back a couple of pints of beer 猛喝几品脱啤酒

B [knock somebody back] transitive verb colloquial 1. (cost) to knock [somebody] back £50 花了某人50英镑

• the court case knocked me back a year's salary 这场官司花了我一年的薪水

2. British (surprise) 使吃惊

▪ knock down

transitive verb [knock somebody/something down, knock down somebody/something]

1. (cause to fall) 撞倒 ‹person, post›; 打倒 ‹victim, opponent›; 碰落 ‹object›; 撞开 ‹door›; figurative排除 ‹barrier›

• to be knocked down by lightning/a wave 被雷电击倒/被大浪冲倒

2. (demolish) 拆掉 ‹building›; figurative驳倒 ‹opinion, argument› 3. colloquial (reduce) 减少

• to knock the bill down by a few pounds 把账单金额减少几英镑 • to knock the price down 5% 杀价5％

• they're knocking down all their prices 他们正在全线降价 • to knock one's fee down £20 把收费降低20英镑

• the charges have been knocked down (by)15% 收费降低了15％ • to knock [something] down (from/to [something]) （从/到某数额）杀低 ‹charge›

• to knock the price down from £100 to £75 把要价从100英镑砍到75英镑

4. colloquial (get reduction from) 得到减价

• to knock [somebody] down (to/from [something]) 使…（从/到某数额）降价 ‹seller›

• to knock the landlord down from £200 to £150 把房东的要价从200英镑还到150英镑

• to knock [somebody] down by a few pounds 把某人的要价杀低几镑

5. (sell at auction) 击槌卖出 ‹painting, vase› • lot 36 was knocked down at £180 第36号拍品以180英镑拍出 • they can't knock it down for less than the reserve price 他们不能低于底价拍出这件东西

▪ knock in

transitive verb [knock something in, knock in something] 1. (force in) 把…敲进去 ‹nail, peg›

• knock the bung in as far as it will go 把塞子尽量塞得深一些 2. (cause to break) 砸破 ‹door, skull›

• I'll knock your teeth in! 我要打掉你的牙！

▪ knock into transitive verb [knock into somebody/something] 撞到 ‹person, table›

• he staggered along, knocking into people 他在人群中跌跌撞撞地往前走

• to knock into each other 相撞

▪ knock off

A transitive verb [knock somebody/something off, knock off somebody/something]

1. (cause to fall) 打落 ‹object›; 撞倒 ‹person›

• the blow knocked her glasses off 这一拳把她的眼镜打掉了 2. (break) 碰掉 ‹end, handle›

3. colloquial (deduct) 减去 ‹amount, percentage›

• she wouldn't knock anything off (the price) 她一点也不肯降价 • they knock off 10% if you pay cash 若你付现金，他们就会给予10％的优惠

• to knock 20% off the total 把总价降低20％ 4. colloquial (produce quickly) 匆匆完成

• on a good day she can knock off 5,000 words 她灵感突现的时候一天能写5,000字

• a poem I knocked off 我草草写成的一首诗 5. colloquial (finish)

• to knock off work 下班

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6. to knock off doing [something] colloquial (stop)停止做某事 • to knock off smoking 戒烟

• knock it off! (stop making noise) 别吵了！ 7. British colloquial (steal) 偷走

• to knock off some pens from the office 从办公室顺走几支钢笔 8. colloquial (murder) 谋杀

• he had his wife knocked off 他雇凶杀妻

• to get knocked off in the final act 在最后一幕中被杀了 9. British colloquial (have sex with) 与…上床

• he knocked off the bridesmaid 他和女傧相上了床 B intransitive verb colloquial 收工

▪ knock on

A intransitive verb

1. to be knocking on (a bit) British colloquial (growing old)变老 • the car's knocking on a bit 这辆汽车有点旧了 2. (in rugby) 以手击球 B transitive verb

1. British colloquial (be nearly) • to be knocking on 90 快90岁了

• it was knocking on midnight when we left 我们离开的时候差不多半夜了 2. (in rugby)

• to knock the ball on 用手击球

▪ knock out

A [knock somebody out, knock out somebody] transitive verb 1. (stun) 打晕 ‹person›

• he nearly knocked me out 他差点把我打昏 2. Sport 击倒 ‹boxer›; 摔倒 ‹wrestler›

• nobody has ever knocked him out 还没有人打倒过他 3. colloquial (exhaust) 使精疲力竭

• this heat really knocks you out 这种炎热真让人乏力 4. colloquial (impress greatly) «film, achievement» 给…留下深刻印象; «beauty, talent» 迷住; «news, results» 使狂喜

• the view from the top of the mountain knocked me out 从山顶看到的美景让我着迷

5. colloquial (astonish) «news, event» 使惊讶 6. Sport (eliminate) 淘汰 ‹person, team›

• France knocked Argentina out of the World Cup 法国队把阿根廷队淘汰出了世界杯比赛

B [knock something out, knock out something] transitive verb 1. (dislodge) 敲出 ‹peg›; 打破 ‹window›; 打掉 ‹nail, tooth› • to knock the contents out 把里面的东西磕出来 2. (destroy) «hurricane, bomb» 毁坏 ‹factory, tank› • to be knocked out by the storm 被暴风雨摧毁 3. (straighten) 敲平 ‹dent, metal›

4. colloquial (produce) 快速完成 ‹amount, book›

• to knock out five books a year (easily) 每年轻松写出五本书

• to knock out a thousand words a day (hurriedly) 每天赶写一千字 C reflexive verb to knock oneself out (with blow)失去知觉 colloquial (with drugs, alcohol)陷入昏迷; colloquial (with exertion)精疲力竭

• don't knock yourself out 你别累坏了

▪ knock over

transitive verb [knock somebody/something over, knock over somebody/something]

1. (cause to fall) 碰倒 ‹person, object›

• he nearly knocked me over 他差点把我撞了个跟头 2. (run over) «vehicle, driver» 撞倒 ‹pedestrian›

▪ knock through

intransitive verb (remove wall) 拆除隔墙 (create hole) 打通隔墙 • to knock through between two bedrooms 打通两间卧室

▪ knock together

A intransitive verb «objects, elbows» 碰到一起

• her knees were knocking together 她两只膝盖直哆嗦

B transitive verb [knock something together, knock together something]

1. (hit) 使…相碰 ‹sticks, shoes›

2. British (remove wall between) 把…打通 ‹rooms, buildings› • two cottages knocked together 两栋打通的村舍

▪ knock up

A [knock something up, knock up something] transitive verb British (make) 草草做成

• a makeshift shelter had been knocked up 草草搭了一个临时窝棚

• I'll go into the kitchen and see what I can knock up 我去厨房看看能凑合着做点什么饭

B [knock somebody up] transitive verb 1. colloquial (make pregnant) 使怀孕 2. colloquial (exhaust) 使精疲力竭 3. British colloquial (wake) 敲门窗唤醒 C intransitive verb Sport 赛前练习 Make的短语

▪ make after transitive verb [make after somebody/something] 追赶 ▪ make away intransitive verb 1. (make off) 逃走 • to make away with [something] 偷走某物 ‹valuables, property› 2. to make away with [somebody] (kill)杀死某人 • to make away with oneself 自杀 ▪ make for

transitive verb [make for somebody/something] 1. (head for) 向…移动

• to make for the summit/the open sea 向顶峰进发/驶向公海 2. (help create) 促成 ‹state, effect›

• those red roses make for a wonderful display against the yellow background 红玫瑰在黄色背景的衬托下显得非常好看

▪ make off

intransitive verb 匆忙离去

• they made off across the main road 他们连忙穿过主干道

▪ make off with

transitive verb [make off with something/somebody] 携…而逃 • thieves made off with our jewellery 盗贼偷走了我们的珠宝

▪ make out

A transitive verb (claim, assert) 声称 • to make out that ... 声称…

• he makes himself out to be richer than he really is 他夸口说自己很有钱，其实没那么富

B [make somebody/something out, make out somebody/something] transitive verb 1. (understand) 理解

• I can't make him out 我搞不懂他

• to make out if or whether ... 搞清楚是否… 2. (manage to see, distinguish) 辨别出 ‹object, writing, sign, person›; 听出 ‹sound›

C [make something out, make out something] transitive verb 1. (write out) 填写

• to make out a cheque to [somebody] 给某人开支票 • to make out a prescription 开处方 2. (expound) 阐释

• he made out a good case for an amnesty 他提出了充分的理由

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要求大赦

D intransitive verb colloquial 1. (manage, get on) 应付

• how are you making out? 你过得怎样？ • to make out with [somebody] 与某人相处

• how did you make out with his family? 你和他的家人相处得怎么样？

2. American (have sex) 和某人性交

• did you make out with her? 你和她做过爱吗？

▪ make over transitive verb

1. [make something/somebody over, make over something/somebody] (transform) 改造 ‹building›; 改变 ‹person, appearance›

• the garage has been made over into a study 车库被改成了书房 2. [make something over, make over something] (transfer) 转让 ‹property›

• to make [something] over to [somebody] 把某物移交给某人

▪ make towards

transitive verb [make towards something] 朝…走去

▪ make up

A [make up something] transitive verb 1. (constitute) 组成

• to make up 10% of ... 占…的10％

• the human body is made up of cells 人体是由细胞构成的 2. (compensate for) 补偿

• to make up [something] with [something] 用某物补偿某物 • to make up the shortfall with a loan 用贷款填补亏空

• to make up [something] by doing [something] 用做某事来弥补某事

• he made up his lost wages by working overtime 他通过加班来补回损失的工资

• to make it up to [somebody] 补偿某人 • I'll make it up to you 我会给你补偿的

3. to make it up (with [somebody]) (after quarrel)（和某人）言归于好

• have they made it up yet? 他们和解了吗？

B [make something up, make up something] transitive verb 1. (prepare) 预备

• she made up a basket of food 她弄好了一篮子食物 2. (apply make-up to) 给…化妆 ‹person, face, eyes› 3. Pharmacology 配制 ‹medicine›; 配 ‹prescription› 4. (sew) 缝制

• to make [something] up into [something] 把某物缝制成某物 • to make [something] up for [somebody]/[something] 为某人/某事缝制某物

• she was making up an outfit for the wedding 她正在缝制一套结婚礼服

5. (put sheets, blankets, etc. on) 铺 ‹bed› 6. (stoke up) 给…添加燃料 ‹fire›

7. Printing 给…排版 ‹type, text, illustrations› 8. (invent) 编造 ‹excuse, story›

• I was just making it up as I went along 我只是在顺口编造 9. (complete) 凑够

• to make up the number/weight 凑够数量/重量 • to make up a four (in game) 凑齐4个人 C intransitive verb

1. to make up for [something] (compensate)补偿某物

• hard work can make up for lack of intelligence 勤能补拙 • to make up in full for [something] 彻底补偿某事

2. to make up to [somebody] British colloquial (try to please)讨好某人

3. (after quarrel) 和好

• to kiss and make up 握手言和

4. (apply make-up) 化妆

D reflexive verb to make oneself up 化妆

▪ make with

transitive verb [make with something] American colloquial 马上提供

• make with the money! 快给钱！ Put的短语

▪ put about

A intransitive verb «vessel, sailor, captain» 掉转航向

B transitive verb [put something about, put about something] 1. Nautical 使…掉转航向 ‹vessel›

2. British (spread) 散布 ‹rumour, gossip› • it's being put about that ... 纷纷传说…

A transitive verb [put something across, put across something] (communicate) 表达 ‹idea, concept, point of view›; 传达 ‹message›

B reflexive verb to put oneself across 表达自己

• to be good at putting oneself across 善于表达自己

▪ put aside

transitive verb [put something aside, put aside something] 1. (place to one side) 把…放到一边 2. (save) 存 ‹money›

• to put something aside for a rainy day 未雨绸缪 3. (devote) 留出 ‹time›

• I put aside half an hour every day to write or for writing my diary 我每天抽出半小时写日记 4. Commerce (reserve) 预留

• to put aside [something] for [somebody] 为某人保留某物 5. (end) 搁置 ‹differences, doubts, problems›

▪ put away

A [put something away, put away something] transitive verb 1. (tidy away) 收起 2. (save) 存 ‹money›

• she's got a tidy sum put away! 她攒了不少钱！ 3. colloquial (consume) 大吃 ‹food›; 猛喝 ‹drink›

4. Sport colloquial 踢进 ‹goal, shot, penalty, conversion› B [put somebody away, put away somebody] transitive verb colloquial (confine) (in prison) 囚禁 (in psychiatric hospital) 收容

• to put [somebody] away for 10 years/life 把某人关押10年/终身监禁

• she went a bit queer in the head and had to be put away 她脑子出了点问题，不得不被送进精神病院

▪ put back

A transitive verb [put something back, put back something] 1. (return, restore) 放回

• to put [something] back on/in/under [something] 把某物放回到某物上/里/下

• to put [something] back together again 重新把某物组装好 2. (wind backwards) 往后拨 ‹clock, watch›

• to put the time back to 3 o'clock 把时间拨回到3点

• to put the big hand back five minutes 把时针拨后5分钟 3. (postpone) 推迟 ‹event, departure, time›

• to put [something] back to or until ... 把某事推迟到…

• the meeting has been put back to a later date/the 23rd 会议被推迟到以后的某个日期/23号

4. (delay) 延误 ‹production, completion›

• the strike has put deliveries back by two weeks 罢工使得交货时间延误了两周

5. colloquial (knock back) 猛喝 ‹drink› B intransitive verb 返回

• the ship had to put back to port 船不得不返回港口

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▪ put by

transitive verb [put something by, put by something] especially British 积攒 ‹money›

• he tries to put something by every month 他尽量每月攒一些钱 • I have a bit put by 我攒了一点钱

▪ put down

A [put something/somebody down, put down something/somebody] transitive verb 1. (on ground, surface) 放下

• it's a great book. I couldn't put it down 这本书太棒了，我爱不释手

• she put the phone down on me British 她挂掉了我的电话 2. Transport 让…下车 ‹passengers›

3. colloquial (criticize) 责难 (humiliate) 羞辱

4. (classify) (mentally) 把…看作 (in writing) 把…归类 • to put [somebody]/[something] down as [somebody]/[something] 把某人/某事物视作某人/某事物 5. (enter on list) 登记 ‹person, name›

• to put [somebody]/[something] down for [something] 为某事给某人/某事物登记

• you can put me down for £10 请给我登记认捐10英镑

• they've put their son down for Eton 他们为儿子报名上伊顿公学

B [put something down, put down something] transitive verb 1. (write down) 写下

• can you put it down in writing? 你能把它写下来吗？ 2. (suppress) 镇压 ‹rebellion, opposition›

• to put [something] down by force 武力镇压某活动 3. Aviation 驾驶…着陆 ‹aircraft›

4. (put in storage) 储存 ‹wine, cheese, produce› 5. Veterinary medicine 弄死 ‹animal›

• to put an animal down humanely 人道地杀死动物 6. Politics 提交 ‹motion› 7. (deposit) 预交 ‹money›

• to put [something] down on [something] 为某物交某定金

• we put all our savings down on a new house 我们拿出全部积蓄付了新房子的定金

8. Transport 让某人下车 ‹passengers› 9. (charge) 以记账方式购买 ‹article›

• to put [something] down to [something] 把某物的款项记在某处

• put these shoes down to my account, please 请把鞋子的款项记在我的账上 10. (ascribe)

• to put [something] down to [something] 把某事归因于某事物 • I put the error down to sheer carelessness/negligence 我认为这个错误纯粹是马虎/疏忽造成的

• to put [something] down to experience 吸取某事的经验 C intransitive verb «aircraft, pilot» 着陆 D reflexive verb [put oneself down]

(be self-deprecatory) 自我贬低 (be self-critical) 自责

▪ put forth

transitive verb [put something forth, put forth something] formal or literary 长出 ‹leaves, roots›; 伸出 ‹arm, hand›

▪ put forward

A [put somebody/something forward, put forward somebody/something] transitive verb (propose) 提议

• are you going to put him/your name forward for the post? 你会推荐他/自荐担任此职吗？

• can I put you forward as a candidate? 我可以提名你做候选人吗？

B [put something forward, put forward something] transitive verb 1. (wind forwards) 往前拨 ‹clock, watch›

• to put the big hand forward an hour/to 3 o'clock 把时针拨快1小时/拨到3点

2. (advance in time) 把…提前 ‹event, departure, time›

• to put [something] forward by [something] 将某事提前某量 • they put the wedding forward (by)a month 他们把婚礼日期提前了一个月

• to put [something] forward to or until [something] 将某事提前到某时间

• put the meeting forward to the 21st of the month 把会议的日期提前到本月21日

3. (suggest) 提出 ‹suggestion, theory›

• to put [something] forward for [something] 为某事提出某事 • he put forward radical proposals for reforming the electoral system 他提交了有关改革选举制度的激进提案

• to put forward [something] to do [something] 提议某事做某事 • the authorities have put forward a new plan to combat vandalism 当局提出了一项防止破坏公物行为的新计划 C reflexive verb to put oneself forward 自荐

• to put oneself forward for [something] 为某事物自荐

• are you going to put yourself forward for the post? 你要自荐担任此职吗？

• to put oneself forward as [something] 自荐担任某角色

▪ put in

A [put something in, put in something] transitive verb 1. (add) 加入 ‹ingredient›

2. (install, fit) 安装 ‹appliance, equipment›

3. (insert) 戴上 ‹contact lens›; 镶上 ‹false teeth› (in opening, container) 放入 ‹cork, plug›

4. (include) 插入 ‹word, paragraph, punctuation mark› • to put in that ... 插话说…

5. (submit) 提出 ‹request, resignation›

• to put in an application for [something] 为某事物提交申请 • to put in a claim for [something] 提出对某事物的要求 • to put in an appearance 露一下面 6. (devote) 付出 ‹time, effort›

• to put in time/a lot of work doing [something] 花时间/费很大工夫做某事

• he has put in an honest day's work 他辛苦工作了一整天 7. Finance 投入 ‹money, resources› 8. (in boxing) 击出 ‹punch›

B [put in something] transitive verb (interject) 插入 ‹words› • to put in a word for [somebody] 为某人说几句话

• ‘but what about us?’he put in “那我们怎么办？”他插嘴问道 C [put somebody in, put in somebody] transitive verb

1. Politics (choose) 使…当选 ‹candidate›; 选举…执政 ‹party› 2. (enter, recommend) 推荐 ‹candidate›

• to put [somebody] in for [something] 为某事推荐某人/某物 • to be put in for promotion/a competition 被荐举晋升/参加比赛 3. (begin to employ) 指派

• you need to put a member of staff in as a caretaker 你需要派一名员工代管

4. (in cricket) 让…先击球 ‹team›

• to put [somebody] in to bat 让某人先击球

D reflexive verb to put oneself in for 报名参加 ‹competition, exam› 报名申请 ‹promotion, award› E intransitive verb

1. especially British (apply) 申请

• to put in for [something] 申请某事

• are you going to put in for the post/six months' leave? 你要申请这个职位/半年休假吗？ 2. Nautical «vessel, crew» 进港

• the ship put in at Lagos for repairs 这艘船停靠在拉各斯港进行维修

▪ put off

A [put something off, put off something] transitive verb

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1. (postpone) 推迟 ‹task, appointment, decision›

• she keeps on putting off going to the dentist 她一直拖着没去看牙医

• the meeting has been put off until June/after Christmas 会议推迟至6月/圣诞节后召开

2. (switch off) 关 ‹light, appliance›; 断 ‹electricity›

B [put somebody off, put off somebody] transitive verb 1. (displease, repel) 使反感

• the very thought of eating snails puts me off! 一想到吃蜗牛我就恶心！

• to put [somebody] off [something]/[somebody]/off doing [something] 使某人讨厌某事物/某人/做某事

• the accident put her off driving for life 那次车祸让她一辈子不想开车

2. (allow to get off) (from bus) 让…下车 (from boat) 让…下船 3. (stall, fob off) 取消与…的会面

• she put him off with a vague excuse/promise that ... 她含含糊糊地找了个借口/用…的承诺把他打发掉了

• to be easily put off (discouraged) 容易泄气 (dissuaded) 容易打发

4. British (distract) 干扰 ‹person, player›

• to put [somebody] off [something] 扰乱某人做某事

• any sudden noise will put him off his game 任何突然的声响都会干扰他比赛

C intransitive verb «ship, crew» 离港 • to put off from the quay 离开码头

▪ put on

transitive verb [put something on, put on something] 1. (dress oneself in) 穿 ‹clothes, shoes›; 戴 ‹hat, gloves› 2. (apply to skin) 涂抹 ‹cream, suntan oil, make-up, lipstick› 3. (put in place) 装 ‹tyre›; 铺 ‹bedclothes›

4. (switch on, operate) 打开 ‹appliance›; 开 ‹light›; 接通 ‹electricity›

• to put the kettle on 把水壶烧上

• I'll put the dinner on in a minute 我马上做晚饭 5. (play) 播放 ‹music, CD, record›

• to put some jazz/Beethoven on 放一些爵士乐/贝多芬的乐曲 6. (gain) 增加 ‹weight›

• I put on a few kilos over Christmas 圣诞节期间我重了好几公斤

7. (add, impose) 征收 ‹excise duty, tax›

8. (stage) 上演 ‹play, film›; 举办 ‹display, exhibition›

9. (add to service) 增开 ‹extra train, carriage›; 增设 ‹bus service, rail service›

10. (make available) 供应 ‹meal, food› 11. (wind forwards) 往前拨 ‹clock, watch›

• put the big hand on one hour 把时针拨快一小时 12. (assume, adopt) 装出 ‹air, expression›

▪ put out

A [put something out, put out something] transitive verb 1. (take outside) 把…放到屋外 ‹dustbin, rubbish, milk bottle› 2. (make available, arrange) 把…准备好 ‹food, towel, clothes›; 摆好 ‹cards, chess pieces› 3. (extend) 伸出 ‹hand, arm, foot, leg›

• to put out one's tongue 伸出舌苔让医生检查

4. (in tennis, badminton)把…击出场外 (in basketball)把…投出场外 (in football)把…踢出场外 5. Botany 长出 ‹leaves, roots›

6. (issue) 发出 ‹report, appeal, warning›; 发布 ‹statement› 7. (extinguish) 扑灭 ‹fire›; 吹灭 ‹candle›; 掐灭 ‹cigarette› 8. (switch off) 关掉 ‹light, gas›

9. (cause to be wrong) 使…出错 ‹result, calculation› • that has put all my plans out 那使我的计划都泡汤了 10. Commerce (subcontract) 把…承包出去 ‹work, job›

• we put a lot of our work out to freelancers 我们把许多活儿都承

包给了自由职业者

• to put [something] out to tender 就某事招标 11. (launch) 生产 ‹product› B transitive verb

1. [put somebody out, put out somebody] (knock out) (with blow) 打晕 (with drugs) 麻醉

• to put [somebody] out for the count 把某人击倒在地上，等待从1倒数到10

2. (inconvenience) 给…带来不便 3. (annoy) 惹恼

• to look/feel put out 看上去/感觉很烦 C reflexive verb to put oneself out 特意 • please don't put yourself out! 不用麻烦！

• to put oneself out to do [something] 特意做某事

• to put oneself out on [somebody's] account or for [somebody] 特意为某人费事

D intransitive verb 1. Nautical «ship, crew» 出海 • to put out to sea 出海

2. American colloquial (consent to sex) 同意发生性关系

▪ put over

transitive verb = put across A.

▪ put through

A [put something through, put through something] transitive verb (implement successfully) 完成 ‹scheme, plan, reform›; 达成 ‹deal›

B [put somebody/something through, put through somebody/something] transitive verb Telecommunications 为…接通电话

• she put through a call from my husband 她接到我丈夫的一个电话

• to put [somebody] through to [somebody]/[something] 把某人的电话接通到某人/某处

• I was put through to the wrong department 我的电话被转错了部门

▪ put together

transitive verb [put something together, put together something] 1. (assemble) 安装 ‹machine, furniture, parts, pieces›

• she's smarter than the rest of the family put together 她比家里其他人加起来还要聪明

2. (place together) 集中 ‹animals, objects, people›

• I put the DVDs together with the tapes 我把DVD和磁带放在了一起

• to put one's hands together (for [somebody]) （为某人）鼓掌 3. (form) 组成 ‹partnership, team›

4. (compile, write, edit) 编制 ‹file, anthology, leaflet›; 撰写 ‹case, essay, application›; 制作 ‹programme› 5. (prepare) 烹制出 ‹meal›

▪ put up

A [put something up, put up something] transitive verb 1. (raise) 升起 ‹flag, sail›

• to put up one's hair 把头发盘起来 • to put one's hand up 举手

• put 'em up! colloquial (to surrender) 举起手来！ (to fight) 握紧拳头！

• she put up her collar 她翻起了领子 • to put up an umbrella 打开伞

2. (build, erect) 盖起 ‹memorial, shed, building›; 砌起 ‹fence›; 支起 ‹tent›; 架起 ‹aerial, radio mast, barrier› 3. (post up) 张贴

• he had put up a notice on the board 他在板上贴了一个通告 4. (increase) 提高 ‹price, temperature, level›; 增加 ‹pressure, total›

31

• the government has put up income tax 政府调高了所得税 5. (show, present) 发起 ‹resistance, struggle›

• our side put up a good performance 我们这边表现相当不错 • they surrendered without putting up much of a fight 他们没有激烈反抗就投降了

6. Finance 提供 ‹money›

7. (present) 提出 ‹case, proposal, idea›

• to put [something] up for discussion/consideration 提出某事供讨论/考虑

8. Aerospace 发射 ‹satellite, rocket, space station› 9. (offer) 拿出来 [出售或拍卖]

• to put [something] up for sale/auction 拿某物出来卖/拍卖 B [put somebody up, put up somebody] transitive verb 1. (provide with accommodation) 为…提供食宿 • to put [somebody] up for the night 留某人过夜 2. (as candidate) 提名

• to put [somebody] up for promotion 提名某人晋升 3. colloquial (incite)

• to put [somebody] up to a crime/stealing the money 怂恿某人犯罪/偷钱

4. (promote) 让…升级 ‹pupil, team›

• she was put up from set 2 to set 1 她被从二级提升到了一级 C intransitive verb 1. (stay) 过夜

• to put up with friends 住在朋友家里

• to put up at a stranger's house 在陌生人家里过夜 2. (be candidate) 自荐

• to put up for the post of .../for the election 自荐出任…之职/参加选举

• to put up or shut up colloquial 要么澄清自己，要么闭嘴

• they called for the minister to either put up or shut up 他们要求那位部长要么澄清自己，要么就闭嘴 D reflexive verb to put oneself up 自荐

• to put oneself up for the post of .../for election 自荐出任…之职/参加选举

▪ put up with

transitive verb [put up with somebody/something] 容忍

• how can you put up with that noise? 你怎么能忍受那种噪声？ Pay的短语

▪ pay back

A transitive verb [pay something back] 还

• she paid me back my $50 她把我的50英镑还给我了 B transitive verb [pay somebody back] 1. (return money to) 还钱给 2. figurative (take revenge) 报复

• to pay [somebody] back in his/her own kind 以其人之道还治其人之身

• to pay [somebody] back with interest 变本加厉报复某人

▪ pay off

A intransitive verb 成功

• all that hard work paid off handsomely 所有那些辛苦都很值得 B [pay somebody off, pay off somebody] transitive verb 1. (pay and dismiss sb.) 遣散

2. colloquial (give money to sb.) 买通 C [pay something off, pay off something] transitive verb (repay) 还清 ‹debt›

▪ pay out

transitive verb [pay something out] 1. (pay) 支付 ‹money›

• the company is paying out £50,000 a year on advertising 公司每年支出5万英镑的广告费用 2. (let out) 徐徐放出 ‹rope›

▪ pay up

A intransitive verb 还清欠款

B transitive verb [pay up something] 还清

• he paid up everything he owed me 他还清了欠我的所有款项 Pick短语

▪ pick at

A [pick at something] transitive verb

1. (eat in small amounts) 小口吃 ‹food, meal› 2. (poke at) 抠 ‹scab, sore›; (pull)扯 ‹fabric›

B [pick at somebody] transitive verb especially American = pick on 1.

▪ pick off

transitive verb [pick somebody off, pick off somebody] 单独射杀 ‹person, animal›

▪ pick on

transitive verb

1. [pick on somebody] (victimize) 欺负 (criticize) 数落 • pick on someone your own size! 别以大欺小！

2. [pick on somebody/something] (select) 选中 ‹person, item› • to pick on [somebody] to do [something] 选中某人做某事 • to pick on [somebody] for [something] 为某事选中某人

▪ pick out transitive verb [pick somebody/something out, pick out somebody/something] 1. (select) 选中

2. (make out, distinguish) 分辨出 ‹distant object, landmark›; 认出 ‹person, suspect›

• you can just pick out the church tower 你刚刚能看得见教堂塔楼

3. Music 慢慢弹奏出 ‹tune, melody› 4. (highlight) 突出显示

• the title was picked out in bold type 标题采用粗体字加以突出 • letters picked out in red on a black background 黑色背景下醒目的红字

5. (illuminate) «light, torch» 照见 ‹person, object›

▪ pick over

transitive verb [pick something over, pick over something] 挑拣 ‹articles, rubbish›; 挑选 ‹lentils, fruit, raisins›

▪ pick up

A [pick somebody/something up, pick up somebody/something] transitive verb

1. (lift, take hold of) 拿起 ‹object›; 抱起 ‹child›; 捡起 ‹litter›

• if you need me, just pick up the telephone 如果需要帮忙，就给我打电话

• to pick up the pieces 收拾残局 • to pick up the tab or bill 付账

2. (take on board) 搭载 ‹hitch-hiker, passenger›; 装载 ‹supplies, cargo›

3. (collect) 取回 ‹dry-cleaning, ticket, keys›; 接 ‹person›

• my father's picking me up at the airport/station 我父亲要来机场/车站接我

4. (illuminate) «person, light» 照见 ‹person, animal, object›; (focus on) «camera» 聚焦于 ‹person, animal, object›

B [pick something up, pick up something] transitive verb 1. (buy) 买到

• to pick up a casual/hasty purchase 随便/匆忙买点东西

• she picked the trousers up for a fiver 她花5英镑买了条裤子 2. (learn, acquire) 学会 ‹language›; 掌握 ‹knowledge, skill›; 养成 ‹habit›

3. Medicine 患上

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• to pick up a fever/chill 发烧/着凉

4. Radio, Telecommunications 接收 ‹broadcast, message, signal› • the train picks up current from the live rail 火车从带电铁轨中取电

5. (notice, register) «person, device, sensor» 发现 ‹fault, defect, sign›; «person» 走上 ‹route› • to pick up a hint 领悟暗示

• to pick up the sound of [something] 听见某物的声音 • to pick up the road/motorway 开上公路/高速公路 • to pick up a scent/trail 嗅到气味/发现踪迹 6. (resume) 恢复 ‹career, relationship›

• I'd like to pick up the point that Dave made earlier 我想回到戴夫先前提出的论点

7. (gain, earn) 获得 ‹award, qualification› 8. (increase) 加快 ‹speed›

C [pick somebody up, pick up somebody] transitive verb 1. (rescue) «person, helicopter, ship» 解救 ‹survivor, casualty›

2. colloquial especially pejorative (strike up relationship with) 与…勾搭

• he picked her up in the pub/at a dance 他在酒吧/舞会上搭上了她

3. colloquial (arrest) 抓获 ‹suspect, wanted person› 4. (find fault with) 挑…的毛病

• to pick [somebody] up on [something] 在某事上找某人的碴子 5. (make feel better) «medicine, treatment» 使好转; «food» 使恢复精力; «drink» 给…提神 D intransitive verb 1. (improve) «trade, business» 改善; «invalid, weather» 好转 2. (increase) «speed» 提高; «activity» 增加 • the wind has picked up 风大了起来 3. (resume) «person» 重新开始; «machine» 重新启动

• to pick up on [something] 重提 ‹point, remark› 恢复 ‹attitude, atmosphere› 4. (take a call) 接听

5. especially American colloquial (tidy up) 收拾 • to pick up after [somebody] 跟在某人后面收拾

E reflexive verb to pick oneself up (get up) ［跌倒后］ 爬起来 figurative (recover)振作

• she picked herself up after the divorce 她从离婚打击中恢复过来

Send的短语

A transitive verb

1. [send somebody away] (order to leave) 把…打发走

2. [send something away] (for repair or processing) 发送出去 [以便修理或处理]

B intransitive verb 写信索取

• to send away to [somebody]/[something] (for [something]) 写信向某人/某处索要（某物）

• he sent away to the warehouse for additional supplies 他向货栈发函要求追加供货

▪ send down

transitive verb [send somebody down, send down somebody] 1. British University (expel) 开除

2. Law colloquial (send to prison) 判…入狱

▪ send for

transitive verb [send for somebody/something] 叫…过来 • to send for a taxi/an ambulance 叫出租车/救护车 • to send for a doctor 请医生来

▪ send forth

transitive verb [send forth somebody/something] literary «king» 派出 ‹army›; «tree» 长出 ‹leaves›; «star» 发出 ‹light›

▪ send in

transitive verb

1. [send somebody in, send in somebody] (order to a place) 派…去 • troops have been sent in to quell the riots 部队已被调去镇压骚乱

2. [send something in] (submit) 提交

• to send in a job application 提交求职申请

▪ send off

transitive verb 1. = send away A.

2. [send somebody off], [send off somebody] British Sport 把…罚下场

▪ send on

A [send something on] transitive verb 1. (send in advance) 先期发送 2. (forward) 转送

• to send [something] on to [somebody] 把某物转运给某人 B [send on somebody, send somebody on] transitive verb Sport 派…上场比赛

▪ send out

A [send out something] transitive verb 1. (emit) 发出 ‹light, heat, smoke› 2. (produce) «tree, plant» 长出 ‹leaves, roots›

3. (dispatch) 分发 ‹leaflets, information, invitations› B [send somebody out] transitive verb 派…出去

• she sent him out to buy some flour 她着他出去买些面粉

▪ send up transitive verb [send somebody/something up, send up somebody/something]

1. British colloquial (imitate) 滑稽模仿 2. American (sentence) 判…入狱 Set的短语

▪ set about transitive verb 1. [set about something] (begin purposefully) 着手干 ‹job› • to set about doing [something] 着手做某事 2. [set about somebody] British colloquial (attack) 袭击 • to set about [somebody] with a stick/hammer 用棍子/锤子打某人 ▪ set against transitive verb 1. (cause to be in conflict with) • to set [somebody] against [somebody]/[something] 使某人反对某人/某事物 • the dispute set father against son, brother against brother 这一争端使得父子成仇，兄弟反目 2. (offset against) • to set [something] against [something] 把某事物与某事物相比 • the benefits seem very small set against the magnitude of the risk 与巨大的风险相比，收益似乎太微不足道了 ▪ set apart transitive verb [set somebody/something apart, set apart somebody/something] 使与众不同 • what sets her apart is the elegance of her prose style 她的散文风格典雅，使她的写作独具特色 ▪ set aside transitive verb [set something aside, set aside something] 1. (put to one side) 把…放到一边 • he set aside his newspaper 他把报纸搁到一边 33

2. (disregard, ignore) 开 ‹differences, prejudices, pride, jealousy› 3. (dedicate) 省出 ‹money›; 留出 ‹time›

4. Law (cancel) 撤销 ‹decision›; 驳回 ‹sentence›

抛

▪ set back transitive verb

1. [set something back, set back something] (position to the rear) 把…往后放

• the house is set back from the road 房子离公路有一段距离 2. [set somebody/something back, set back somebody/something] (cause delay to) 耽搁 ‹project, work›

• a technical problem set us back three days 一个技术问题让我们耽搁了3天

3. [set somebody back] colloquial (be an expense to)

• that must have set you back a bit! 那一定花了你不少钱！ • it only set me back $5 这只花了我5美元

▪ set by

transitive verb [set something by, set by something] 留出 ‹money›

▪ set down

A [set something down, set down something] transitive verb 1. (put down) 放下 2. (record) 写下

• to set [something] down in writing or on paper 把某事物记录在案

3. (fix, arrange) 确定

• they've set down Friday as the day for the hearing 他们确定于星期五召开听证会

4. (land) 使…降落 ‹plane› B [set somebody down, set down somebody] transitive verb (allow to alight) 让…下车 ‹passengers›

▪ set forth

A intransitive verb literary 出发 • to set forth on a journey 动身旅行 B transitive verb [set something forth, set forth something] formal 陈述 ‹conditions, proposal›

▪ set in intransitive verb «winter, bad weather» 来临; «disease, complications» 发作

• the frosts have set in early this year 今年霜来得早 • the rain has set in for the night 晚上下起了雨

▪ set off

A intransitive verb «traveller, expedition» 动身

• she set off down the hill/for the station 她向山下/车站走去 • to set off on a journey 动身上路

• to set off to do [something] 出发去做某事

• she set off on a long explanation figurative 她开始进行冗长的解释

B [set off something, set something off] transitive verb 1. (trigger) 触发 ‹alarm›; 引爆 ‹firework, bomb› 2. (initiate) 引发

• to set off a chain of events 引发一连串事件 3. (enhance) 衬托 ‹colour, jewel, decoration› 4. (counterbalance) 弥补 ‹loss, withdrawal›

• to set [something] off against [something] 用某物抵消某物

C [set somebody off] transitive verb colloquial (cause to begin) 使开始

• you've set the baby off again! 你又把孩子弄哭了！

• to set [somebody] off doing [something] 使某人开始做某事 • the tickle in his throat set him off coughing 他嗓子发痒，引起了一阵咳嗽

▪ set on

transitive verb

1. [set on somebody] (attack) 袭击

• they were set on by a gang of bigger boys 他们遭到了一伙年纪稍大的男孩的攻击

2. (cause to pursue) to set [something]/[somebody] on [somebody] 让某物/某人追击某人

• they set the police on me 他们叫警察来抓我

▪ set out

A intransitive verb 1. (leave) 出发

• to set out on [something] 动身开始某事

• to set out on a long journey 动身踏上长途旅行 2. (begin with intention)

• to set out to do [something] 有意做某事 • to set out to earn a lot of money 打算挣大钱

B transitive verb [set something out, set out something] 1. (display, lay out) 摆放 ‹goods, chess pieces› 2. (present) 陈述 ‹ideas, proposals, reasons›

▪ set to

intransitive verb dated

1. (begin energetically) 起劲地干起来

• they set to and soon finished the job 他们大干起来，很快就完成了工作

2. (begin to fight) 开始扭打

• they set to with fists and feet (flying) 他们开始拳打脚踢起来

▪ set up

A [set something up, set up something] transitive verb 1. (erect) 搭起 ‹stall, stand›; 建起 ‹monument, memorial›

• the photographer took some time to set up all her equipment 这位摄影师花了点时间把全部摄影器材布放到位 2. (establish) 开办 ‹company›; 设立 ‹tribunal, fund› 3. (produce, start) 引发

• to set up a commotion/turbulence/noise 引起喧闹/骚乱/吵闹 • the monkeys set up a great racket when the tiger approached 老虎走近时，猴子们大叫起来

4. (arrange) 安排 ‹meeting, discussion› 5. Printing 排 ‹type›; 为…排版 ‹page›

• to set up a column in type 为一个专栏排版

B [set somebody up, set up somebody] transitive verb 1. (establish) 扶持

• to set [somebody] up in business 扶助某人创业 2. (equip) 配备

• to set [somebody] up with [something] 用某物装备某人

• I'm pretty well set up with the sort of tools I need 我已经把我需要的工具准备齐全

• to be set up for life 一生衣食无忧 3. British colloquial (frame) 诬陷

• I was well and truly set up 我被他们彻底陷害了

4. to set [somebody] up as or to be [something] (claim)声称某人是某物 (pretend)假称某人是某物

• the critics are trying to set her up as the great white hope of British cinema 评论家们试图把她捧为英国电影界的巨大希望 C intransitive verb to set up in business 创业 • to set up as [something] 从事某事

• I hear you're setting up as a caterer 我听说你要做餐饮 D reflexive verb 1. (establish oneself)

• to set oneself up as [something] 从事某事

• she set herself up as a hairdresser 她做起了美发师 2. (claim to be)

• to set oneself up as [something] 自夸为某物

• I don't set myself up as or to be an expert 我不敢自诩为专家

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▪ set upon = set on Stand的短语

▪ stand about, stand around intransitive verb 站着

• to stand about doing [something] 闲站着做某事

• I can't stand about waiting for you all day! 我不能整天闲着等你！

▪ stand aside intransitive verb 1. (move) 站到一边

• to stand aside to do [something] 站到一边做某事 2. (refuse to act) 不作为

• she just stood aside and let me do everything 她只是袖手旁观，什么事都让我做

3. (withdraw) 退居一旁

• he stood aside as leader of the party 他让出了该党领袖的位子

▪ stand back intransitive verb 1. (move) 往后站

• the policeman ordered us to stand back 警察命令我们退后

• you should stand back from the painting 你应该站得离那幅画远一些

2. (become detached, objective) 置身事外

• to stand back from [something] 置身于某事物之外

• it's time to stand back and look at your career so far 现在你该从旁观者的角度来看一看自己到目前为止的职业生涯了

3. to stand back from [something] (be situated)不是紧挨着某物 • the house stands back from the road 房子离公路有一段距离

▪ stand by

A intransitive verb

1. (be prepared) 做好行动准备

• the army is standing by with additional supplies 军队随时准备提供更多的补给品

• to stand by for [something] 为某事物做好准备 • stand by for lift-off! 准备发射！

• to stand by to do [something] 准备好做某事

• we stood by to receive instructions 我们正在待命 2. (remain uninvolved) 袖手旁观

• you can't just stand by and do nothing 你不能只是袖手旁观，什么都不做

B transitive verb

1. [stand by somebody] (be loyal to) 支持

• whatever he does, she always stands by her man 不管她丈夫做什么，她都支持他

2. [stand by something] (not break or retract) 遵守 • he stands by everything he said 他从不食言 • to stand by one's pledges 信守诺言

▪ stand down

A intransitive verb 1. (resign) «candidate» 退出

• the President has stood down after five years in office 总统任职5年后下台了

2. (relax after alert) «army, emergency services» 解除警戒状态 3. (leave witness box) «witness» 退出证人席

B transitive verb [stand somebody/something down, stand down somebody/something] 命令…解除警戒状态 ‹army, emergency services›

▪ stand for

transitive verb [stand for something] 1. (denote) 表示

• OUP stands for Oxford University Press OUP代表牛津大学出版社

2. (represent) 主张

• I condemn fascism and all it stands for 我谴责法西斯主义以及它的一切主张 3. (support) 支持

• a party that stands for racial equality 一个支持种族平等的政党 4. colloquial (tolerate) 忍受

• I will not stand for such outrageous behaviour 我不能容忍如此无礼的行为

• to stand for [somebody] doing [something] 容忍某人做某事 • I will not stand for him behaving like that 我不能容忍他那样行事

▪ stand in

intransitive verb 代替

• to stand in for [somebody] 代替某人

▪ stand off

A intransitive verb

1. (move or keep away) 走开

• the women stood off at a slight distance 妇女们站得稍远 2. (reach deadlock) «adversaries, opponents» 陷入僵局

B transitive verb [stand somebody off, stand off somebody] British (lay off) 解雇

▪ stand out

intransitive verb

1. to stand out from or against [something] (be noticeable)在某物的衬托下显眼

• the yellow letters stand out well against the black background 黄色字母在黑色背景的衬托下很醒目

• to stand out like a sore thumb colloquial 扎眼

2. stand out from [somebody]/[something] (be better)比某人/某事物出色 (be more important)比某人/某事物重要

• she stands out a mile from other candidates 和其他候选人相比，她非常出众

3. (protrude) 凸出

• veins stood out on his forehead 他额头上青筋凸起 • to stand out in (sharp)relief （清晰地）凸显 4. (resist) 坚持抵抗

• the workers stood out against attempts to close the company down 工人们坚决抵制关闭公司的企图

▪ stand to

A intransitive verb «sailors, soldiers» 进入戒备状态

B transitive verb [stand somebody to, stand to somebody] 使…进入戒备状态 ‹sailors, soldiers›

▪ stand up

A intransitive verb

1. (get to or be on feet) 站立

• we stood up when the teacher came into the room 老师走进教室时，我们都站了起来

• to stand up straight 站直 • to be standing up 站着 2. (stay upright) 直立

• the tripod wouldn't stand up properly 这副三脚架立不起来 3. to stand up for [something] (defend, support)维护某事物 • stand up for what you believe in 你要捍卫你的信仰

• she stood up for him when he was accused of dishonesty 他被人指责不诚实时，她站出来为他辩护 • to stand up for oneself 自我保护

4. (withstand investigation) 经得起检验

• the evidence will never stand up in a court of law 这一证据在法庭上根本站不住脚

• his case didn't stand up to close scrutiny 他的论据经不起仔细

35

推敲

5. to stand up to [somebody] (resist)抵抗某人 • to stand up to a bully 反抗恶霸逞凶

6. to stand up to [something] (withstand)经受得住某事物

• the car is designed to stand up to our harsh winter climate 这种车的设计使其能够在我们这里冬季的严寒气候里正常行驶 • to stand up to a lot of wear and tear 十分耐用 B transitive verb

1. [stand somebody/something up, stand up somebody/something] (set upright) 使…站立 ‹person›; 使…直立 ‹object›

• to stand a ladder up against a wall 把梯子靠墙立着

• after the little boy had fallen over, she stood him up 小男孩摔倒后，她把他扶了起来

2. [stand somebody up, stand up somebody] colloquial (fail to meet) 让…白等

• she said she'd meet me at 7 o'clock, but she stood me up 她说7点钟和我见面，但她失约了 • I was stood up 我空等了一场 Take的短语

▪ take aback transitive verb [take somebody aback] 使大吃一惊 • to be taken aback by [somebody]/[something] 被某人/某事物吓一跳 ▪ take after transitive verb [take after somebody] 1. (be like) 像 ‹parent› 2. American colloquial (chase) 追赶 ▪ take along transitive verb [take somebody/something along, take along somebody/something] 携带 ‹object›; 带着 ‹person› • to take [somebody]/[something] along with one 带着某人/某物 ▪ take apart transitive verb [take somebody/something apart, take apart somebody/something] 1. (dismantle) 拆卸 ‹car, machine› 2. (criticize) 严厉批评 ‹essay, film, book› 3. colloquial (defeat) 轻易打败 ‹opponent, team› ▪ take around transitive verb = take round 2. ▪ take aside transitive verb [take somebody aside] 把…带到一边 ▪ take away A [take something away, take away something] transitive verb 1. British (buy for eating elsewhere) 买…带走 ‹food› • two burgers to take away, please 请来两份汉堡包，带走 2. (cause to disappear) 消除 ‹fear, grief› • to take the pain away 止痛 • to take away [somebody's] appetite 倒某人的胃口 3. (subtract) 减去 ‹number› • ten take away four is or leaves six, take four away from ten and it leaves six 10减去4等于6 B [take somebody/something away, take away somebody/something] transitive verb (remove) 弄走 ‹person, object› • to take [somebody]/[something] away from [somebody]/[something] 把某人/某物从某人处/某处弄走 • ‘not to be taken away’ “请勿带走” ▪ take away from

transitive verb [take away from something] 减少 ‹success, merits› • that doesn't take anything away from his achievement 那丝毫不能贬低他的成绩

▪ take back

A [take something back, take back something] transitive verb 1. (return to shop) 退回

• to take a faulty product back to the shop 把有缺陷的商品退回商店

2. (accept back) «shop, person» 回收 ‹goods, gift› 3. (retract) 收回 ‹statement, words› • I take it back 我收回说过的话

• to take back a or one's promise 反悔 B [take somebody back] transitive verb 1. (cause to remember) 勾起…的回忆

• the smell of the sea took him back to his childhood 大海的气息让他回想起了童年

2. (allow to come back) 重新接纳 ‹partner, employee›

• he took his wife back after she had left him 妻子离开他之后他又同意她回家了

▪ take down

A [take something down, take down something] transitive verb 1. (carry to lower level) 将…拿下来 ‹book, box›

• to take [something] down to [somebody]/[something] 将某物拿下来给某人/放到某处

• she took the medicine down to the child 她把药拿下来给孩子 • to take [something] down from [something] 从某处取下某物 • please take the clock down from the shelf 请把钟从架子上拿下来

2. (remove from fixed position) 摘掉 ‹picture, sign, curtains› • to take [something] down from [something] 从某处摘下某物 3. (lower) 褪下 ‹skirt, trousers›

4. (dismantle) 拆除 ‹tent, gate, barricade› 5. (write down) 记录 ‹name, details, speech› B [take somebody down, take down somebody] transitive verb (accompany to lower level) 带…下去 ‹person, animal›

• to take [somebody] down to [somebody]/[something] 带某人下去见某人/到某处

▪ take hold intransitive verb «disease» 加重; «epidemic» 爆发; «idea, ideology» 产生影响

▪ take hold of

transitive verb [take hold of somebody/something] 1. (grasp) 抓住 ‹person, animal, object› 2. (overwhelm) «feeling, idea» 完全控制 ‹person, animal› • panic took hold of him 他惊恐万分

▪ take in

A [take somebody/something in, take in somebody/something] transitive verb

1. (carry, accompany inside) 将…搬进去 ‹things, plant›; 带…进去 ‹person, animal›

2. (allow to stay) 收留 ‹person›; 让…留宿 ‹lodger›; 收养 ‹stray animal›

B [take something in, take in something] transitive verb 1. (understand) 理解 ‹situation›

• I can't take it in! 这个我弄不明白！

• I just couldn't take his death in 他的死让我难以置信 2. (absorb) 吸收 ‹nutrients, oxygen› 3. (start to fill with) «boat» 渗进 ‹water› 4. especially American (go to see) 去观看 ‹movie, play, exhibition, match›

5. (observe) 注意到 ‹detail, spectacle, situation›; (enjoy)享

36

受 ‹atmosphere›

• he took in the scene at a glance 他一眼就看到了那场面

6. (accept for payment) 揽…回家做 ‹washing, ironing, mending› C [take somebody in, take in somebody] transitive verb (deceive) 欺骗

• he was taken in 他上当了

• don't be taken in by appearances! 不要被外表迷惑！ D [take in something] transitive verb (include) 包括 ‹place, subject, development›

▪ take off

A intransitive verb 1. (start to fly) «aircraft, flight» 起飞; «bird» 飞起来 • to take off from [something] 从某处起飞 • to take off for [something] 飞往某处 2. (jump) «athlete, high jumper» 起跳 3. colloquial (leave) 开溜

4. (become popular, successful) «idea» 大受欢迎; «fashion» 迅速流行; «product» 畅销

B [take something off, take off something] transitive verb 1. (remove) 脱下 ‹coat, trousers, shoes›; 摘下 ‹gloves, hat› • the nurse took his clothes off 护士给他脱了衣服

• please take your hands off me/your feet off the seat 请把你的手从我身上拿开/请勿踩踏座位

• to take [something] off [somebody] (remove from possession of) 从某人手中夺走某物

2. (stop from being performed or broadcast) 停演 ‹show, play›; 停播 ‹programme›

• to take [something] off the market 在市场上停售某物 3. (withdraw from service) 取消 ‹bus, train› 4. (cut off) 截去 ‹part of body›; 剪掉 ‹hair›

• his leg had to be taken off just below the knee 他不得不从膝盖以下截肢

5. (detach) 拿掉 ‹lid›; 卸下 ‹door›; 使…剥落 ‹paint›

• to take [something] off [something] 从某物上弄掉某物

6. to take [something] off [something] (deduct)从某总量扣除某数量

• to take £10 off the price (of [something]) （将某物）降价10英镑

• that experience took ten years off my life 那段经历让我老了十岁

• that hairstyle takes 15 years off you! 那个发型让你看上去年轻了15岁！

7. to take [something] off [something] (stop including)从某处去除某项

• my name had been taken off the list 我的名字从名单上画掉了 • fish has been taken off the menu 菜单上去掉了鱼

C [take something off] transitive verb (have as holiday) 休…的假 ‹week, morning›

• to take two days off 休两天假

• to take the afternoon/time off work 下午请假/请假不上班 D [take somebody off, take off somebody] transitive verb 1. colloquial (imitate) 模仿

• he takes the Prime Minister off to perfection 他把首相模仿得惟妙惟肖

2. (end participation of) 换下 ‹player, performer›

• to take [somebody] off the case/project 禁止某人继续办案/参与项目

3. (remove from ship) 使弃船

• to take [somebody] off [something] 使某人撤离某处

• a helicopter took the six crew members off 一架直升机营救了六名船员

4. to take [somebody] off [something] (stop from using)使某人停止使用某物

• she was taken off the ventilator 她的呼吸器被拿掉了

E [take somebody off] transitive verb (cause to leave) 带走 ‹person›

• to take [somebody] off to prison 将某人投入监狱 F reflexive verb to take oneself off 离开

• to take oneself off to [something] 动身去某处

▪ take on

A [take somebody on, take on somebody] transitive verb 1. (employ) 雇用 ‹employee, staff›

• to take [somebody] on as [something] 聘用某人担任某职位 2. (accept as client) 承接

3. (compete against) 与…比赛 ‹person, opponent, team›

• I can beat him! I'll take him on! 我能打败他！我要与他一争高下！

• Liverpool are taking on Arsenal in the Cup Final 利物浦队将在足总杯决赛中迎战阿森纳队

• to take [somebody] on at tennis/badminton 与某人打一场网球/羽毛球比赛

4. (fight) 与…作战 ‹person, army›

B [take something on, take on something] transitive verb 1. (assume) 显现

• the chameleon can take on the colour of its background 变色龙可以呈现与背景一致的颜色

• her eyes took on a hurt look 她的眼中透出受伤的神色

• her voice took on a pleading note 她的声音带着恳求的语气 • the word has taken on a whole new meaning 这个词有了一个全新的意义

• the subject has taken on a new significance 该主题体现了一个新的意义

2. (undertake) 承担 ‹work, task, job, responsibility›

• to take on more than one has bargained for 承担比预期多的工作

C [take somebody/something on, take on somebody/something] transitive verb (accept on board) 装载 ‹cargo, freight›; 接载 ‹passenger›

• the plane took on more fuel 飞机接受了燃油补给

• the ship stops at Cape Town to take on more passengers 轮船停靠在开普敦以接载更多的乘客

D intransitive verb British colloquial dated 大惊小怪 • don't take on so! 别这么紧张！

▪ take out

A [take something out, take out something] transitive verb

1. (remove) (from container) 取出 ‹object, letter›; (from place)将…拿出去 ‹object›

• to take [something] out of a drawer/box/bag 把某物从抽屉/盒子/袋子里拿出来

• to take the excitement/worry out of [something] 使某事物不再让人兴奋/忧虑

• to take [somebody] out of himself/herself 使某人摆脱烦恼 • to take it or a lot out of [somebody] 让某人精疲力竭 2. Dentistry, Medicine 拔掉 ‹tooth›; 切除 ‹appendix› 3. (withdraw from bank account) 提取 ‹cash, amount› • to take money out of the bank 从银行取钱

4. American (buy for eating elsewhere) 买…带走 ‹food› • two burgers to take out, please 请来两份汉堡包，带走 5. (deduct) 扣除 ‹money, contributions, tax›

• to take [something] out of [something] 从某处扣除某款项 6. (obtain officially) 获得 ‹insurance, loan, patent, licence› 7. (cause to disappear) 除掉 ‹mark›

• to take a coffee/wine stain out of a carpet 除掉地毯上的咖啡/葡萄酒污渍

B [take somebody/something out, take out somebody/something] transitive verb

1. (go out with, accompany) 带…外出 ‹person, dog› (go out with socially) 请…外出 ‹person›

• to take the child/dog out for a walk 带孩子出去散步/去遛狗 • to take [somebody] out to lunch/dinner 请某人出去吃午饭/晚饭 2. colloquial (kill) 干掉 ‹person, enemy›; (destroy)摧

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毁 ‹site, target, installation›

3. colloquial (put out of action) 使…不能工作 ‹person›; 牵制 ‹player›; 使…瘫痪 ‹network›

▪ take out on transitive verb to take [something] out on [somebody]/[something] 对某人/某物发泄某情绪

• she tended to take her anger/frustrations out on her family 她一动怒/受挫就爱拿家人出气

• to take it out on [somebody] 拿某人当出气筒

▪ take over

A intransitive verb 1. (assume power) «rebels, protesters, faction» 接管

• to take over from [somebody]/[something] 从某人/某组织手中接管

2. (dominate) «person, feeling» 起支配作用

• he's always trying to take over 他总想发号施令

• don't let negative thoughts take over 别让消极的想法左右你 3. to take over from [somebody] (assume responsibility in place of sb.)接替某人 (perform activity in place of sb.)接手某人的工作 • to take over as [something] 继任某职位 • she's taken over as boss 她继任老板

4. to take over from [something] (be replacement for sth.)替代某物 • the computer has taken over from the typewriter 计算机取代了打字机

B transitive verb [take something over], [take over something] 1. Military, Politics (assume power over, occupy) 接管 ‹town, country, party›; 占领 ‹building›

• to take over power from [somebody] 从某人处接手权力 2. (assume charge of or responsibility for) 接管 ‹company, business, shop›; 接手 ‹duty, responsibility, cooking›

• CBS Records was taken over by Sony 哥伦比亚唱片公司被索尼公司收购

• shall I take over the driving for a while? 我替你开一会儿车好吗？

• to take over [something] from [somebody]/[something] 接替某人/某物做某事

• who can take over the leadership from the Prime Minister? 谁能够继任首相的领导职务？

▪ take place

intransitive verb «event, incident» 发生; «meeting, ceremony» 举行

▪ take round transitive verb

1. [take something round, take round something] (circulate with) 分发

2. [take somebody round] (show, accompany) 带…看

• to take [somebody] round [something] 带某人参观某处

▪ take through

transitive verb to take [somebody] through [something] 帮助某人了解某事

• to take the actors through the scene 给演员说戏

▪ take to

A [take to something] transitive verb 1. (go to) 去 ‹forest, hills›; 登上 ‹lifeboats› • he's ill and has taken to his bed 他卧病在床 • to take to the streets to protest 走上街头抗议 2. (develop habit of) 开始养成…的习惯 • she's taken to drink 她开始酗酒了

• to take to doing [something] 开始习惯于做某事

• she's taken to watching TV before doing her homework 她养成

了先看电视后做作业的习惯

3. (develop ability for) 培养…的能力

• she took to tennis as if she’d been playing all her life 她网球学得很快，好像打了一辈子似的

4. to take [something] to [somebody]/[something] (use on)用…对付某人/某物 ‹axe, sledgehammer›

• I took a hacksaw to the shaft and cut it into three sections 我用弓锯把杆子锯成了三段

B [take to somebody/something] transitive verb (develop liking for) 喜欢上 ‹person, occupation, idea›

• I took to him the moment I saw him 我对他一见钟情

▪ take up

A [take something/somebody up, take up something/somebody] transitive verb (carry to higher level) 拿…上去 ‹book, box, tray› (accompany to higher level) 带…上去 ‹person, animal›

• to take [something] up to [somebody]/[something] 将某物拿上去给某人/拿到上面某处

• can you take the phone up to her? 请你把电话拿上去给她

• to take [somebody] up to [somebody]/[something] 带某人上去见某人/带到上面某处

• he took the doctor up to her room 他带医生上去到她房间里 B [take something up], [take up something] transitive verb 1. (accept) 接受 ‹offer, invitation, challenge› 2. (mention, raise) 提出 ‹matter, question›

• to take up [somebody's] case 提交某人的案件

• to take up [something] with [somebody] 向某人提出某事

• I suggest you take this up with the boss 我建议你向老板提出此事

3. (shorten) 将…改短 ‹skirt, trousers, curtains› 4. (absorb) 吸收 ‹liquid, water, ink›

5. (remove) 掀起 ‹carpet, railway track›; 翻起 ‹road, runway› 6. (pick up) 拿起 ‹pen, brush, violin›

7. (start to engage in or work in) 开始从事 ‹activity, job, career›; 开始学 ‹tennis, piano›

• to take up one's duties or responsibilities 担负起职责 8. (add one's voice to) 加入 ‹chorus, refrain› • to take up a cry 齐声高呼

9. (resume, return to) 继续 ‹story, work, discussion›; 回到 ‹item› • I’d like to take up the point you raised earlier 我想回到你刚才提出的那一点

C [take up something] transitive verb 1. (use up) 占用 ‹space›; 耗费 ‹energy› • it takes up too much time 这太费时间 • to be taken up with [something] 忙于某事 2. (move into) «troops, army» 占据 ‹position› 3. (adopt) 采取 ‹attitude, stance›

• to take up a high moral tone 大唱道德高调 D intransitive verb «person, episode, book» 继续

• to take up where [somebody]/[something] left off 从某人/某事中断的地方接下去

▪ take up on

transitive verb to take [somebody] up on [something] 1. (challenge)就…质问某人 ‹point, assertion›

2. (accept)接受某人的 ‹invitation, offer, challenge›

• to take [somebody] up on their promise 让某人信守承诺

▪ take up with transitive verb

1. [take up with somebody] dated colloquial (start to associate with) 结交

• he's taken up with a divorced woman 他和一个离了婚的女人勾搭在一起

2. to be taken up with [somebody]/[something] (be preoccupied with)沉迷于某人/专注于某事

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• the Prime Minister is rather taken up with domestic issues 首相正致力于解决国内的问题 Think的短语

▪ think ahead

intransitive verb (cast one's mind forward) 预想 (anticipate) 预先考虑

• to think ahead to [something] 预想某事

• think ahead to what the situation will be 预先考虑一下会是怎样的情形

▪ think back

intransitive verb 回想

• think back and tell us all you can remember 回忆一下，告诉我们你记得的一切

• to think back to [something] 回忆某事

▪ think out

transitive verb [think something out], [think out something]

(consider carefully) 仔细考虑 (produce by thinking) 想出 ‹idea› • think it all out before you ... 在你…之前，通盘考虑一下这事 • think out what you are going to say/how you are going to respond 仔细考虑一下你要说些什么/如何应答 • well/badly thought out 考虑周密/草率的

▪ think over

transitive verb [think something over], [think over something] 仔细考虑

▪ think through transitive verb [think something through], [think through something] 充分考虑 ‹problem›

• to think it through carefully 仔细充分地考虑这事

▪ think up

transitive verb [think something up], [think up something] colloquial 想出

• you'll have to think up a better excuse! 你得想出一个更好的借口！

• what can we think up for the party next week? 关于下周的聚会，我们看看能有什么想法？ Turn的短语

▪ turn about

intransitive verb «soldier» 向后转 • turn about! 向后转！

▪ turn against transitive verb

1. [turn against somebody/something] 反对

• public opinion is turning against the government 公众舆论开始反对政府了 2. to turn [somebody]/[something] against [somebody]/[something] 使某人/某派别反对某人/某事

• now she's trying to turn my own children against me 她正试图教唆我自己的孩子跟我对着干

▪ turn around

intransitive verb, transitive verb = turn round

▪ turn aside

intransitive verb 偏离

• he came towards me, but turned aside at the last moment 他向我走来，但在最后一刻走开了

• to turn aside from [something] 偏离某事

• turning aside for a moment from the main topic under review, ... 把主要议题暂且放一下，说句题外话…

▪ turn away

A intransitive verb (change direction) 转过脸去

• he turned away in disgust/horror 他厌恶地/恐惧地转过头去 • to turn away from [something]/[somebody] 放弃某事物/拒绝某人

B transitive verb

1. [turn something away], [turn away something] (face other way) 把…转过去 ‹face, object›

• he turned his head away just as I was taking the photo 我拍照的时候他把头转过去了

2. [turn somebody away], [turn away somebody] (refuse entry to) 不准…进入

• they got turned away from the Ritz because they weren't properly dressed 他们因为穿着不得体而被丽兹酒店拒之门外

▪ turn back

A intransitive verb 1. (return) 返回

• we turned back when we'd only gone about a mile 我们只走了一英里就返回了

• there's no turning back 没有回头路 2. (in book) 翻回

• to turn back to page 33 翻回到33页

B transitive verb [turn something back], [turn back something] 1. (rotate backwards) 使…反转

• turn the knob back as far as it will go 将旋钮往回拧到底

• don't forget to turn your clocks back an hour tonight 别忘了今晚把钟拨慢一小时

• to turn the control knob back to zero 把控制钮转回数字0 • to turn the clock back to 1900 让时光倒流至1900年

• it's too late now, you can't turn back the clock 现在已经太晚了，你无法让时光倒转

2. (fold back) 折起 ‹sheet, corner of page›

3. (send away) 把…赶回去 ‹protester›; 遣返 ‹refugees›

• we were turned back by a security guard 一名保安把我们撵了回去

▪ turn down

A [turn something down], [turn down something] transitive verb 1. (fold over) 翻下 ‹collar›; 叠起 ‹sheet›; 折起 ‹page›

• she made the bed, neatly turning down the bedclothes 她铺好床，把被子整整齐齐地叠好 2. (reduce) 调低 ‹volume, gas›

• with the light turned down low 光线调得很暗地 3. (put face downwards) 使…面朝下 ‹card›

• look at your card for a moment, then turn it down on the table 先看一下你的牌，然后牌面朝下放在桌上 B [turn somebody/something down], [turn down somebody/something] transitive verb (reject) 拒绝 ‹applicant, offer›

• they turned down all my ideas 他们否定了我所有的想法 C intransitive verb «line» 向下弯

• the graph turns down from the end of July 曲线图从7月底开始呈下降走势

▪ turn forward transitive verb [turn something forward], [turn forward something] 把…往前拨

• don't forget to turn your clocks forward an hour tonight 别忘了今晚把钟拨快一小时

▪ turn in

A intransitive verb

1. colloquial (go to bed) 上床睡觉

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• I think I'll turn in now 我想我该睡觉了 2. (point inwards) «foot» 向内弯

• she walks with her toes turned in 她走路内八字 • to turn in on itself 向内弯 • to turn in on oneself 闭门谢客

B [turn something in], [turn in something] transitive verb 1. (hand back) 交还 ‹badge›

• you must turn in your pass when you leave the building 你离开大楼时必须交回通行证

2. colloquial (give up) 放弃 ‹activity, membership› • I turned in my evening job 我辞去了晚间的工作

• why don't you turn it in now and go to bed? 你为什么不现在把它做完然后上床睡觉呢？

3. (hand in, deliver) 上交 ‹homework›; 提交 ‹resignation›; 获得 ‹time, figures›

• she turned in her last assignment two weeks late 她晚了两个星期才交上次的作业

• he turned in a quite magnificent performance 他表演了一个相当精彩的节目

C [turn somebody in] transitive verb colloquial 告发 ‹suspect› • I could turn you in to the customs 我可以向海关举报你 D reflexive verb to turn oneself in colloquial 自首

• he went to the police station and turned himself in 他到警察局自首了

▪ turn off

A transitive verb

1. [turn something off], [turn off something] (switch off) 关掉 ‹switch, engine›; 停止 ‹programme›

• turn the water off, the bath's full 不要放水了，浴缸满了 • to turn [something] off like a tap 立刻停下某事

2. [turn somebody off], [turn off somebody] colloquial (put off) 使厌烦

• nothing turns me off more or worse than bad breath 没有什么比口臭更让我讨厌了

• to turn [somebody] off [something] 使某人对某事物失去兴趣 • it's enough to turn you off sex/drink for life! 这足以让你一辈子都厌恶性/酒！

B intransitive verb 1. (leave road) 换道

• where do we turn off for Derby? 我们在什么地方换道去德比？

2. (switch off) 关

• where does this light turn off? 这盏灯开关在哪里？

• I couldn't understand the lecture, so I just turned off 我听不懂讲座，所以干脆不听了

▪ turn on

A transitive verb

1. [turn something on], [turn on something] (switch on) 打开 ‹tap, radio, television›; 启动 ‹computer, engine›

• I've turned the water on for a bath 我已经开始放洗澡水了 • to turn on the charm/flattery 施展魅力/开始奉承 • to turn on the pressure 施压

• to turn [something] on like a tap 立刻开始某事

2. [turn somebody on], [turn on somebody] colloquial (arouse) 引起…的兴趣

• I get turned on by short skirts 我一看到短裙就兴奋 • whatever turns you on 随便你怎么想

• to turn [somebody] on to [something] 使某人对某事物着迷 B intransitive verb «light» 打开; «machine, appliance» 开启 • I've set the oven to turn on at half past six 我已经把烤箱设定在6点半启动

▪ turn out

A intransitive verb

1. (eventually prove to be) 结果是

• it's turned out nice again 后来天气又好了 • to turn out to be [something] 结果是某事物

• she's turning out to be a first-class manager 她正在成长为一名一流的经理

• to turn out to do [something] 原来是某种情况

• my mother turns out to have gone to school with him 我母亲原来同他一起上过学

• it turns out that ... 结果是…

• as it turned out, ... 果不其然，… 2. (come out) «crowd, people» 出现

• a large crowd turned out in the streets 街上冒出了一大群人 • to turn out for [something]/to do [something] 为某事/做某事出来

• only 40% of the electorate turned out to vote 结果只有40%的选民投票

3. (point outwards) «toe» 向外撇

• my feet turn out slightly 我的脚稍稍有点儿外八字 4. colloquial (get up) 起床

• we all turned out bright and early 我们都一大早起床了 B transitive verb [turn something/somebody out], [turn out something/somebody]

1. (switch off) 关 ‹light, gas›; 熄灭 ‹lamp›

• turn out the candle before you come to bed 睡觉前先吹灭蜡烛 2. (empty) 腾空 ‹attic, cabinet›; 掏空 ‹pocket, handbag›; 把…倒出 ‹mould, jelly›

• I'm going to turn out my desk 我要清理我的写字台

• I turned the blancmange out on a large plate 我把牛奶冻倒在大盘子上

3. (produce) 生产 ‹goods›; 培养 ‹graduate›; 写 ‹script, poem›

• we've turned out some top-rate scientists despite our lack of funds 尽管我们缺乏资金，却培养出了一批顶尖科学家 4. (point outwards) 伸出 ‹feet›

• the ballet students all turned out their toes on cue 芭蕾舞学生全都按提示伸出脚尖 5. (evict) 赶走 ‹tenant›

• the landlord turned us out 房东将我们赶了出来 • go and turn him out of bed 去把他从床上弄起来 6. British Military 召集 ‹troops, police› • turn out the guard! 集合卫兵！ 7. (dress, equip) 以…装束出现

• to turn out a whole cast in Elizabethan costumes 身穿一整套伊丽莎白女王一世时代的服装

▪ turn over

A intransitive verb 1. (roll over) «person» 翻身; «car» 侧翻

• he turned over and went to sleep 他翻了个身睡着了

• the boat turned over, and we were all thrown into the water 船翻了，我们都被甩到了水里

• my stomach turned over (from fright, disgust) 我肚子很不舒服 2. (turn page) 翻页

• I turned over and read on 我翻过一页接着读 3. Automobile «engine» 空转

B transitive verb [turn something/somebody over], [turn over something/somebody]

1. (reverse) 使…翻过来 ‹mattress, page›

• help me turn the table over 帮我把桌子翻过来 2. (roll over) 使…翻倒 ‹vehicle›; 使…翻身 ‹patient›

• a big wave striking the ship side on could turn it right over 巨浪打到船舷上，足以将船掀翻

3. (hand over) 移交 ‹money, business›

• customs officials turned the man over to the police 海关官员把那个男子移交给了警方

4. colloquial (rob) 抢劫 ‹shop, person›

• burglars had turned the house over 盗匪们洗劫了这所住宅 5. (reflect on) 考虑 ‹idea, offer›

• I've been turning over what you said 我一直在考虑你的话

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• to turn [something] over in one's mind 考虑某事 6. Finance 营业额为 ‹sum›

• the company turns over 150 million dollars a year 这家公司的年营业额为1.5亿美元

7. Commerce 销售 ‹stock, goods›

• we can't turn this line over fast enough to make it worth stocking in quantity 这种产品无法迅速售出，不值得大量囤货 8. Automobile 使…空转 ‹engine›

▪ turn round especially British A intransitive verb

1. (face different direction) «person» 转身; «vehicle» 转向 • turn round and face me 转过来面对我

• to turn round to do [something] 转身做某事

• to (just)turn round and say/do [something] colloquial （只是）改变主意说某话/做某事 2. (revolve, rotate) «wheel, planet, dancer» 旋转 • to turn round and round 不断旋转 • to turn round on its axis 绕轴转 3. Economics «business, market» 向相反方向发展

• we are praying that the sales figures will turn round before the end of the year 我们求老天保佑销售量在年底前能有起色 4. Transport (unload and reload) «aircraft, ship» 装卸货物

B transitive verb [turn something/somebody round], [turn round something/somebody]

1. (face other way) 使…转身 ‹person›; 使…转向 ‹vehicle, object› • he had turned round every single chair in the hall 他把大厅里的每张椅子都转了过来

2. (reverse) 颠倒 ‹picture, sentence›

3. Economics (reverse decline in) 使…好转 ‹company, economy› • it has turned my life round 这使我的生活出现了转机

4. (unload and reload, get ready) 给…装卸货物 ‹aircraft, ship›; 装卸 ‹goods›; 装卸…的货物 ‹order›

• an incoming plane can be turned round in under an hour 一班进港飞机可以在一个小时内装卸完毕

▪ turn up

A intransitive verb 1. (arrive) 到来

• she turned up in an old shirt and a pair of jeans 她穿着旧衬衫和牛仔裤来了

• to turn up for or to work/for duty 来上班/值班

• she turned up for her appointment two hours late 她约会迟到了两个小时

2. (be found) 被找到

• I'm sure your watch will turn up one of these days 我敢肯定这几天能找到你的手表 3. (present itself) «opportunity, job» 出现

• a chance like this doesn't turn up very often 这样的机会不常有 4. (point upwards) «mouth, collar» 翘起 • his nose turns up at the end 他鼻尖上翘

B transitive verb [turn something up], [turn up something] 1. (point upwards) 翻起 ‹collar›

• she turned up the brim of her hat 她把帽边翻了起来 • a turned-up nose 朝天鼻

2. (in sewing) 折起 ‹sleeve, hem›

3. (discover) 发现 ‹object, information›

• I turned this up in a little antique shop 我在一个小古玩店里找到了这个东西

4. (increase, intensify) 调高 ‹heat, radio, music›

• can you turn the sound up a bit, I can't hear 你能不能把声音弄大点儿，我听不见

5. British colloquial (stop) 停止 ‹activity› • turn it up! 停下来！ Lay的短语

▪ lay about

transitive verb [lay about somebody/something] 1. (attack violently) 猛打

• she laid about me, punching and kicking 她对我拳打脚踢 • he laid about the horse with a whip 他用鞭子狠抽这匹马 2. (strike out wildly)

• to lay about [somebody] (with [something]) （用某物）向某人乱打

• he laid about him with a stick 他挥棒向他乱打

▪ lay aside

transitive verb [lay aside something, lay something aside] 1. literal (put to one side) 把…放在一边 2. figurative (set aside) 留存…备用

• he has laid a bit of money aside for his old age 他存了点儿钱防老

3. figurative (abandon, relinquish) 放弃

• to lay aside the cares of office 不再为公务烦恼

• to lay aside one's personal feelings 将个人情感置之度外

▪ lay back

transitive verb [lay somebody/something back] 使…向后倾斜 • lay your head back 头向后仰

• the nurse laid the patient back gently 护士轻轻扶病人躺下

▪ lay by

transitive verb [lay something by] (set aside) 留存…备用

• she's got a bit of money laid by 她存了一点儿钱

▪ lay down

A [lay somebody/something down] transitive verb (put horizontally) 把…放平

• he laid the baby down on the settee 他把婴儿平放在长椅上 • to lay the blanket down on the floor 把毯子铺在地板上 B [lay down something, lay something down] transitive verb 1. (put down) 放下

• he laid his racket down on the floor beside him 他把球拍放在身旁的地板上

2. (relinquish) 放弃

• to lay down one's arms 放下武器

3. Construction 铺设 ‹cable, drain›; 铺筑 ‹road, railway› • to lay down the foundations 打地基

4. (establish) 制定 ‹rule, policy›; 确定 ‹price, wage›

• it is laid down in the constitution that the president must be elected by the people 宪法规定，总统必须由民选产生 • to lay down the law 制定法律

▪ lay in

transitive verb [lay in something, lay something in] 储存 • to lay in food for Christmas 为圣诞节储备食物

▪ lay into

transitive verb [lay into somebody] colloquial 1. (attack violently) 狠打

• to lay into [somebody] with [something] 用某物狠打某人 • the champion laid into his opponent 冠军猛烈地攻击对手 • she laid into me with her umbrella 她用雨伞拼命打我 2. (attack verbally) 抨击

• he laid into me, calling me a cheat 他大骂我是骗子

▪ lay off

A [lay somebody off, lay off somebody] transitive verb (make redundant) (temporarily)使下岗; (permanently)解雇 • to start laying people off 开始裁员

• she was laid off from her job at the bakery 她失去了面包房的工作

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B [lay off somebody/something] transitive verb 1. (leave alone) 停止打扰

• lay off her! it wasn't her fault! 别再责罚她了！那不是她的错！ • lay off that poor animal! 别再欺负那可怜的动物了！

• I told him to lay off my daughter 我告诉他别再骚扰我女儿 2. (refrain from)

• to lay off [something]/doing [something] 停止使用某物/做某事 • to lay off cigarettes/smoking 戒烟

• lay off drinking my whisky! 别再喝我的威士忌！ C intransitive verb colloquial 停止

• lay off! you're messing up my hair! 住手！你把我的头发弄乱了！

▪ lay on

transitive verb [lay on something, lay something on] 1. (apply) 用一层…覆盖 ‹glue›

• he laid on the plaster, layer after layer 他把灰泥一层层地涂上去

2. British (install) 安装 ‹gas, water›

• you can reclaim the cost of laying on electricity and water 你可以报销安装水电的费用

3. (provide) 提供 ‹food, transport›

• the organizers of the event had laid on free refreshments 活动的组织者提供了免费的茶点

• the Council is laying on extra bus services in the run-up to Christmas 圣诞前市政会安排加开公交车 4. (organize) 安排 ‹event›

• the villagers laid on a display of traditional dancing 村民们安排了传统舞蹈表演

5. figurative colloquial (exaggerate) 使…过分 ‹praise, gratitude, sarcasm›

• she was laying on the sweetness and flattery 她极尽甜言蜜语、阿谀奉承之能事

• to lay it on thick 过分地夸大某事物

• sometimes he lays it on a bit thick with the sympathy 有时候他那种同情的表情做得有点太夸张了

▪ lay out

A [lay out something, lay something out] transitive verb 1. (spread out ready for use) 将…摊开放好

• they laid out all the items for sale on the stall 他们把所有待售商品都散开摆放在摊位上

2. (spread out to full extent) 展开 ‹map, garment, fabric› • he laid the map out on the table 他在桌上摊开地图 • to lay the material out flat 把布料摊平

• a green and brown carpet was laid out in the entrance area 入口处铺着一块绿色和棕色相间的地毯

3. (design) 版面设计 ‹magazine, page, advertisement›

• the volume is attractively designed and laid out 这卷书的设计排版很吸引人

4. (set out according to a plan) 设计 ‹town, garden, building› • the suburb was laid out in 1937 by the town planners 该近郊住宅区是由城市规划师在1937年设计的

5. (explain) 阐明 ‹reasons, argument, demands, facts›

• all the terms and conditions are laid out in the contract 所有的条款与条件在合同中都已清楚地列明 6. colloquial (spend) 花 ‹sum of money›

• he laid out a fortune on a new car 他花了一大笔钱买新车 B [lay out somebody, lay somebody out] transitive verb 1. (prepare for burial) «undertaker» 为…作殡葬准备 ‹body› 2. colloquial (knock unconscious) 把…打昏

• he was laid out by a blow to the left temple 他的左太阳穴被打了一下，昏了过去

▪ lay up

A [lay up something, lay something up] transitive verb 1. (store) 储存

• to lay up fuel for the winter 为过冬储存燃料 2. (take out of service) 将…搁置不用 • my car's laid up 我的车停开了

• the ship was laid up for repairs 船进坞检修

B [lay somebody up] transitive verb (confine to bed) 使卧床不起

• she was laid up with flu 她得了流感，卧病在床 Pass的短语

▪ pass away

intransitive verb euphemistic 去世

▪ pass by

A intransitive verb (go past) «pedestrian, procession, vehicle» 经过 (by chance) «person» 路过 B [pass by somebody/something] transitive verb (go past) «procession, pedestrian, vehicle» 经过 ‹person, place, vehicle›

C [pass somebody/something by] transitive verb 1. (occur unnoticed) 绕过

• life has passed me by 我从未享受过人生的机遇欢乐 2. (go past without acknowledging) 忽略 • he passed me by 他没理睬我

▪ pass down

transitive verb [pass something down] 传承

• the sacred rites were passed down through the generations 神圣的礼仪世代相传

▪ pass off

A intransitive verb

1. (happen, be carried through) «event, proceedings» 进行 • the party passed off well 聚会圆满结束 2. (come to an end) «pain, effects» 消退

B transitive verb to pass [somebody]/[something] off as [somebody]/[something] 将某人/某物伪装成某人/某物

• she passed herself off as a well-wisher 她假惺惺地表示祝愿

▪ pass on

A intransitive verb 1. (proceed) 接着进行

• to pass on to [something] 进入某事 2. euphemistic (die) 去世

• to pass on to a higher place or better world 升上天堂

B transitive verb [pass something on, pass on something] 传递 ‹message, information›; 传染 ‹cold›

• to pass [something] on to [somebody] 把某物传给某人

▪ pass out

intransitive verb 1. (faint) 昏迷

2. Military 从军校毕业

▪ pass over transitive verb

1. [pass somebody over] (ignore) 不考虑

• he was hoping for promotion, but he was passed over 他希望得到提升，但是未被考虑

2. [pass over something] (disregard) 对…置之不理

▪ pass through

A intransitive verb 路过

B transitive verb [pass through something] 经历 ‹period of time, phase›

▪ pass up

transitive verb [pass something up, pass up something]

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colloquial 放弃 ‹opportunity, offer› Fall的短语

▪ fall about

intransitive verb

1. British colloquial (be helpless with laughter) 捧腹大笑

• she looked so funny: he just fell about (laughing or with laughter) 她看上去滑稽之极，让他笑得前仰后合 2. (move awkwardly) 踉踉跄跄地走

▪ fall apart

intransitive verb 1. (break) «book, car» 散架; «house» 倒塌; «suitcase» 破裂 2. (disintegrate) «relationship» 破裂; «country, organization» 解体; «plan» 失败

• their marriage is falling apart 他们的婚姻岌岌可危

• they couldn't raise the money, so the deal fell apart 他们没能筹到钱，所以生意告吹了

3. colloquial (lose one's capacity to cope) 崩溃

• he fell apart when his wife died 妻子死后他彻底垮了

▪ fall away

intransitive verb

1. (become detached) 掉落

• to fall away from [something] 从某物上掉下来

• the paint is beginning to fall away from the ceiling 油漆开始从天花板上剥落 2. (have slope) «land, path» 向下倾斜

• the field falls sharply away to the river 这块田在河边一带地势陡降

3. (become fewer or less) 减少

• output fell away to an all-time low 产量降至历史最低水平 4. (withdraw support) «supporters» 离弃

• his friends began to fall away 他的朋友开始和他疏远了

▪ fall back

intransitive verb 1. (move back) 后退

• the enemy fell back as our troops advanced 我军向前挺进，敌军向后撤退

• she fell back in horror 她吓得直往后退 2. (lag behind) 落在后面

• they fell back from the main group 他们落在大部队的后面

▪ fall back on

transitive verb [fall back on somebody/something] 求助于

• your parents won't always be there to fall back on 你不可能总是依靠父母

• at least he's got his savings to fall back on 至少他还有积蓄可赖以生活

• they wanted me to do a computer course so that I'd have something to fall back on 他们希望我学习计算机课程，给自己多留一条出路

▪ fall behind

A intransitive verb

1. (move to a position behind others) 落在后面 • to fall behind in the arms race 在军备竞赛中落后

2. (with payment) 拖欠 (with work or other activity) 没有及时做 • I had to sit up studying all night so as not to fall behind 我不得不整晚熬夜学习，以免落下功课

• to fall behind with [something] 拖欠某物 • to fall behind with the rent 拖欠租金

• I've fallen behind with my correspondence 我积压了很多信没有回

B transitive verb [fall behind somebody/something] 落在某人/某事物的后面

• he has fallen behind his classmates in maths 他在数学方面落后于班上的其他同学

• their wages have fallen behind (earnings in)the private sector 他们的工资比私营企业员工（的薪水）低

▪ fall down

intransitive verb

1. (fall accidentally) «person, animal» 摔倒; «object» 掉落 • the poster has fallen down 海报已经脱落了

• the tree fell down in the gale 这棵树被大风吹倒了 2. (collapse) 倒塌

• the tent fell down in the middle of the night 半夜里帐篷倒了 • the house was falling down colloquial 房子快塌了 3. figurative (fail) 失败

• his argument falls down on this point 这一点就是他的论据的不足之处

• she fell down on music history 她的音乐史考砸了

▪ fall for

transitive verb [fall for somebody/something] colloquial 1. (fall in love with) 爱上

• they fell for each other instantly 他们一见倾心 2. (find attractive) 被…所吸引 ‹charm, looks, house› 3. (be tricked by) 对…信以为真

• he didn't fall for the trick 他没有中计

• they fell for my story 他们听信了我的说法

▪ fall in

intransitive verb 1. (tumble in) 掉进去

• the water's deep here, mind you don't fall in! 这里的水深，当心别掉下去！

2. (give way) 塌陷

• the roof fell in 屋顶塌了 3. Military 站队

• you're late — fall in immediately! 你迟到了──立即入列！ • the sergeant ordered his men to fall in 中士命令士兵集合 4. (start walking next to) 跟着走

• I fell in alongside or beside the procession 我在队伍旁边跟着走

▪ fall in with

transitive verb [fall in with somebody/something]

1. (meet) 遇见 (join) 加入 (become involved with) 开始与…有牵连

• he fell in with bad company 他结交了一帮不三不四的人 2. (agree with) 同意

• to fall in with [somebody's] plan 赞成某人的计划

▪ fall off

intransitive verb

1. (decrease in quantity) 减少

• business is falling off 生意越来越清淡

• production fell off drastically during the strike 罢工期间产量急剧下降

2. (deteriorate) «standard, quality» 下降

▪ fall on

transitive verb [fall on somebody/something] 1. (attack) 袭击

2. (seize) 扑向 ‹food, treasure› 3. (be borne by) «burden, cost» 由…负担 ‹person›

• the duty of caring for her fell on the eldest daughter 照顾她的任务落在大女儿的身上

• the blame always falls on me 出了错总是归咎于我

• it falls on the retailer to replace faulty goods 零售商有责任退换次品

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▪ fall out

intransitive verb 1. 掉落

• his hair is starting to fall out 他的头发开始脱落

• don't lean out of the window too far — you might fall out 别探出窗户太远──你可能会摔出去

• she opened the book, and a faded photograph fell out 她翻开那本书，一张褪色的照片掉了出来 2. (quarrel) 争吵

• we've fallen out 我们吵架了

• to fall out with [somebody] 和某人争吵

• she's fallen out with her next-door neighbour 她与隔壁邻居吵了一架

• to fall out over [something] 为某事物争吵

• they fell out over the issue of local government finance 他们为地方政府的财政问题发生了争吵 3. Military 原地解散 • fall out! 原地解散！ 4. British (happen) 发生

• everything fell out as planned 一切都按计划进行

• we were pleased with the way things fell out 我们对事情的进展感到满意

▪ fall over

A intransitive verb (fall down) 倒下

• I tripped and fell over 我绊了一下摔倒了

• the suit of armour fell over with a loud crash 那套盔甲轰然倒地 B transitive verb [fall over something] 1. (stumble over) 被…绊倒

• I fell over my own feet 我自己把自己绊倒了

2. to fall over oneself to do [something] figurative colloquial (be extremely keen)迫不及待地做 (do everything within one's power)不遗余力地做

• to be falling over each other to do [something] 争先恐后地做某事

• banks are falling over each other to lend people money 各家银行争着给人贷款

▪ fall through

intransitive verb 落空

• our plan fell through 我们的计划告吹了 • the sale has fallen through 这笔买卖泡了汤

▪ fall to

A intransitive verb literary 开始

• she fell to with gusto 她开始津津有味地吃起来 • to fall to doing [something] 开始做某事

• he fell to brooding about the problem 他开始思考这个问题 B transitive verb [fall to somebody] literary 该由…负责

• it fell to him or to his lot to organize the party 组织晚会的任务落在了他的肩上 Let的短语

▪ let alone

transitive verb [let somebody/something alone] 不打扰 • please let that kitten alone 请不要碰那只小猫 • to let well alone 别管闲事

▪ let down

A [let something down, let down something] transitive verb 1. (lengthen) 放长 ‹item of clothing›

• I've let the skirt down by 2 centimetres 我把裙子放长了2厘米 2. (lower) 放下 ‹bucket, basket›

• as the other car drew alongside he let down the window 当另一辆车开上来的时候，他把窗玻璃降了下来

3. (deflate) 给…放气 ‹tyre›

B [let somebody down, let down somebody] transitive verb 使失望

• my watch never lets me down 我的手表一向走得很准

• to let [somebody] down gently 委婉地把不幸的消息告诉某人

▪ let drop

transitive verb [let drop something, let something drop] 把…说漏嘴

• she let drop the fact that they were already married 她无意中说出了他们已经结婚的事

▪ let fly

intransitive verb (physically) 打 (verbally) 骂

• he let fly with his right foot 他飞起右脚踢了一下

• she really let fly at me for forgetting the biscuits 因为我忘了买饼干，她狠狠骂了我一顿

▪ let go

A intransitive verb literal松手; figurative忘掉

• I let go, and the balloon floated away 我松开手，气球飘走了 • to let go of the rope 松开绳子 • let go of me! 放开我！

• he just can't let go figurative 他就是忘不了 B transitive verb [let somebody/something go] 1. (free) 让…离开

• they let the hostages go 他们让人质离开 2. (release hold on) 放开 ‹person, arm› • to let go the reins 松开缰绳 • let me go! 放开我！

• she made a sarcastic comment, but he just let it go 她挖苦了一句，但他没有理会

3. (stop worrying about) 不再担心

• we'll let it go at that 这事到此为止吧

• you must let the past go 你一定要忘掉过去 4. euphemistic (from a job) 解雇

• unfortunately, we have to let you go 很遗憾我们只能让你走人 C reflexive verb to let oneself go (relax)自我放松 (neglect one's appearance)不修边幅

• unwind and let yourself go 放松一下

▪ let in transitive verb [let something/somebody in], [let in somebody/something] 1. (allow inside) 让…进来

• he let himself in with a key 他用钥匙开门进来 2. (allow in) «tent, window» 漏 ‹water, light› • the roof lets the rain in 屋顶漏雨

3. to let oneself/[somebody] in for [something] colloquial (create trouble for)卷入某事/使某人卷入某事

• she let herself in for a lot of problems 她惹了一身麻烦

4. to let [somebody] in on [something] (allow to share)向某人透露 ‹secret›

• I agreed to let him in on the news 我同意告诉他这个消息

▪ let into

transitive verb

1. to let [something] into [something] (set into surface)把…嵌入 • a statue let into the wall 嵌进墙壁的雕像

2. to let [somebody] into [something] (allow to share)向某人透露 ‹secret›

▪ let off

A [let something off, let off something] transitive verb (detonate) 引爆

• to let off fireworks/a gun 放烟火/开枪

B [let somebody off] transitive verb (punish lightly) 从轻处

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罚 (not punish at all) 放过

• to let [somebody] off lightly 轻易放过某人 • she was let off with a fine 她只是被罚款了事

• I'll let you off your homework 我会免了你的家庭作业的

▪ let on

A intransitive verb colloquial 说出秘密 • don't let on! 别告诉别人啊！

• don't let on about what they did 不要把他们干的事说出去 B transitive verb to let on that ... 假装…

• he let on that he was a tourist 他装作是游客

▪ let out

A [let out something] transitive verb (emit) 发出 • to let out a shriek 发出一声尖叫 B [let somebody/something out, let out somebody/something] transitive verb 1. (show out) 送…出门

• he let himself out quietly 他悄悄出了门 2. (make wider) 放宽

• to let one's belt out by 2 holes 把皮带放宽两个孔 3. British (reveal)

• to let out that ... 透露…

• she let out that he'd given her a lift home 她透露了他捎带她回家的事

4. (release) 放…出去

• let me out! 放我出去！ ⇨ cat 1. 5. (allow to flow out) 使…泄漏

• to let the air out of a tyre 给轮胎放气 • she let out a sigh 她叹了口气

▪ let up

intransitive verb

1. (stop, slow down) 停下

• the rain didn't let up all night 雨下了整整一夜 2. (ease off) 放松

• he never lets up 他从不懈怠

• what a chatterbox she is, she never lets up! 她真是个话匣子，嘴没有闲着的时候！

• to let up on [somebody] colloquial 对某人更宽容 Hand的短语

▪ hand around transitive verb British [hand something something]

1. (distribute) 分发 2. (circulate) 传递

around, hand around

▪ hand back transitive verb

1. [hand something back, hand back something] (return) 归还 ‹object, land, colony›

• to hand [something] back to [somebody] 把某物归还给某人 2. to hand [somebody] back to [somebody] Radio, Television 让某人听（某人）报道 ［记者在某地报道结束时，让演播室的主持人继续主持节目的用语］

• I'll hand you back to Michael 现在让我们回来听迈克尔报道

▪ hand down

transitive verb [hand something down, hand down something] 1. (pass to lower level) 把…往下递 ‹object›

• to hand [something] down to [somebody] 把某物往下递给某人 2. (bequeath) 把…遗赠给 ‹property›

• to hand [something] down to [somebody] 把某物遗赠给某人 • handed down from father to son 父子相传的 3. (pass on after use) 把旧的…传下去 ‹clothes›

• to hand [something] down to [somebody] 把使用过的某物传给

某人 4. Law «judge» 宣布 ‹verdict, sentence›

▪ hand in

transitive verb [hand something in, hand in something]

1. (submit) 交 ‹homework›; 递交 ‹petition, one's resignation› 2. (return) 交还 ‹library book, found item›

▪ hand on

transitive verb [hand something on, hand on something] 1. (transmit) 传递 ‹object, skill›

• to hand [something] on to [somebody] 把某物传递给某人 • to be handed on from parent to child 由父母传授给孩子 2. (delegate) 交付 ‹problem, responsibility›

• to hand [something] on to [somebody] 把某事物交给某人处理

▪ hand out

transitive verb [hand something out, hand out something] 1. (distribute) 分发 ‹leaflets, gifts›

• to hand [something] out to [somebody] 把某物分发给某人 2. pejorative (offer) 提供 ‹advice›

• to hand [something] out to [somebody] 向某人提供某物 • to hand out words of wisdom 传播至理明言 3. (impose) 给予 ‹punishment, fine›

▪ hand over

A transitive verb [hand somebody/something over, hand over somebody/something]

1. (surrender) 交出 ‹money, hostage›

• to hand [somebody]/[something] over to [somebody] 向某人交出某人/某物

2. (transfer) 将…移交 ‹criminal, power, territory›

• to hand a suspect/stolen goods over to the police 将疑犯/赃物移交给警方

3. (entrust) 托付

• to hand the children/valuables over to [somebody] 把这些孩子托付给某人照顾/把贵重物品交给某人看管

4. to hand [somebody] over to [somebody] (on radio, TV, telephone)让某人听另一人讲话

• I'm handing you over to our sports correspondent 现在请听本台体育记者的报道

5. (to be addressed) 把…交由另一人应对

• I'll hand you over to our guest speaker 我会把你的问题交给我们的演讲嘉宾回答 B intransitive verb

1. to hand over to [somebody] (transfer power) ［把权力、责任等］ 移交给某人

2. to hand over to [somebody] (allow to speak)让另外的某人应对 • I'll hand over to my colleague to take you through ... 现在请我的同事带大家了解… 3. Radio, Television

• to hand over to [somebody] 把报道时间交给 ‹reporter, presenter›

▪ hand round

transitive verb British = hand around

▪ hand up

transitive verb [hand something up, hand up something] 把…递上去

• to hand [something] up to [somebody] 把某物递上去给某人 Pull的短语

▪ pull about, pull around transitive verb [pull somebody/something about, pull about somebody/something] 粗暴对待 ‹person›; 乱扯 ‹clothing› 45

▪ pull apart transitive verb [pull somebody/something apart, pull apart somebody/something]

1. (separate) 拉开 ‹people, animals›; 拆开 ‹pages, sheets of paper› 2. (dismantle) 拆开 ‹structure, machine›

• I don't care if I have to pull the place apart! 就算把这个地方翻个底朝天，我也无所谓！

3. (dismember) 肢解 ‹prey, body›

4. figurative (disparage) 抨击 ‹person, performance›; 诋毁 ‹character, reputation›

▪ pull away

intransitive verb 1. (move away) «vehicle, driver» 开走

• the car pulled away from the kerb 汽车驶离了路缘 2. (become detached) «component, piece» 脱落 • to pull away from [something] 从某物脱落 3. (open up lead) «racing driver, vehicle» 拉开距离

• to pull away from [somebody]/[something] 把某人/某物甩在身后

• the leader pulled away on the straight 领跑的人在直道上拉开了距离

▪ pull back

A intransitive verb 1. Military «troops, army» 撤退

• the troops pulled back to a safer position/from the front line 部队撤到了更安全的阵地/撤离了前线 2. (move backwards) «person, vehicle» 后退

• to pull back from the brink figurative 悬崖勒马 3. figurative (not go ahead) 退缩

• to pull back from [something] 退出 ‹conflict, course of action› 放弃 ‹decision› 4. Sport «runner, racing driver, vehicle» 缩短距离

• United pulled back to 4-3 曼联队将比分追回到4比3

B transitive verb [pull somebody/something back, pull back somebody/something]

1. Military 撤回 ‹army, unit›

• the general pulled the troops back from the front line 将军将部队撤离前线 2. Sport «runner, racing driver, vehicle» 追回 ‹time, distance›; 扳回 ‹goal›

3. (draw back) 拉回 ‹rope, cord›; 拉起 ‹curtains›

▪ pull down

A [pull something down, pull down something] transitive verb 1. (lower) 放低 ‹box, book›; 拉下 ‹trousers›; 放下 ‹blind, curtain› • he'll pull you down with him figurative 他会拖累你的 2. (demolish) 拆毁 ‹building, structure› 3. (reduce) 降低 ‹prices, inflation›

• the maths paper pulled her overall mark down 数学科试卷的成绩拉低了她的总分

4. colloquial (earn) 挣 ‹amount, salary› B [pull somebody down] transitive verb colloquial (weaken) «illness» 使虚弱

▪ pull in

A [pull something in, pull in something] transitive verb 1. (retract) 缩回 ‹claw, antenna, stomach› 2. colloquial (earn) 挣 ‹amount, salary›

B [pull somebody in, pull in somebody] transitive verb 1. colloquial (detain) 拘留

• he was pulled in for questioning 他被带回警察局审问 2. (attract) «performance, event» 吸引 ‹spectators, audience, crowd›; «candidate, party» 赢得 ‹voters› C intransitive verb British 1. (arrive) 到站

• the train pulled in to the station 火车进站了 2. (leave road) «vehicle, driver» 驶到路边停靠

• to pull in at the next service station 在下一个服务站停车

• to pull in for [something]/to do [something] 为某事物/做某事把车驶到路边停下

▪ pull off

A [pull something off, pull off something] transitive verb 1. (take off) 脱下 ‹garment, shoe›

2. (remove by tugging) 拆掉 ‹handle›; 扯掉 ‹leaf›; 取下 ‹lid›; 撕下 ‹wrapping, sticker› • to pull [somebody]/[something] off [somebody]/[something] 把…从…拉开

3. colloquial (succeed in, clinch) 进行…得逞 ‹robbery, coup›; 弄到 ‹scoop›; 达成 ‹deal›; 取得 ‹success, feat›

• I never thought you'd pull it off 我压根没想过你会办成这件事 B [pull off something] transitive verb to pull off the road/track 驶向路边/赛道边停车 C intransitive verb 1. (leave road) «vehicle, driver» 驶到路边停靠 2. (be taken off) «part, handle» 可拆卸; «lid» 可取下

▪ pull on

transitive verb [pull something on, pull on something] 穿上 ‹garment, shoe›

▪ pull out

A [pull something/somebody out, pull out something/somebody] transitive verb

1. (extract) 拔掉 ‹splinter, tooth, weeds›; 拉出 ‹trapped person› • to pull [something] out of ... 从…中拔出某物 ‹ground, part of body›

• to pull [somebody] out of ... 从…中拉出某人 ‹wreckage, river› 2. (withdraw) 撤出 ‹army, staff›

• to pull [somebody]/[something] out of [something] 将某人/某队伍撤离某处

• to pull one's troops out of the battle zone 将部队撤离战区 B [pull something out, pull out something] transitive verb 1. (take out) 拔出 ‹knife, gun›

• to pull [something] out of [something] 从某处掏出某物 2. Aviation

• to pull an aircraft out of a dive/spin 使飞机从俯冲/旋冲中拉升起来

C intransitive verb 1. (move out) «vehicle, driver» 驶离

• to pull out into [something] 驶离到某处

• to pull out in front of [somebody]/[something] 从某人/某物面前驶离

• to pull out of 驶离 ‹drive, parking space, street› 2. (leave) «train» 驶离车站

• to pull out of [something] 驶离某处

• the express pulled out of the station exactly on time 特快列车准点从车站开出 3. (withdraw) «army» 撤退; «candidate, competitor» 退出

• to pull out of [something] 退出 ‹competition, talks, agreement› 4. (be taken out) «drawer» 可拉开; «component, section» 可取出 5. Aviation «aircraft, pilot» 恢复水平飞行

• to pull out of [something] 从…中拉升起来 ‹dive, spin›

▪ pull over

A transitive verb

1. [pull somebody/something over, pull over somebody/something] (stop) «police» 让…驶到路边 ‹driver, car› 2. [pull something over] (to side of road) 把…开到一边 ‹vehicle› B intransitive verb «vehicle, driver» 开到一边

46

▪ pull round

intransitive verb especially British (regain consciousness) 苏醒 (recover) 痊愈

▪ pull through

A intransitive verb 1. (from illness) «patient» 挺过来 2. (from difficulty) «person» 熬过来

B [pull somebody through] transitive verb (from illness)使恢复健康; (from crisis)使渡过危机

• to pull [somebody] through [something] 使某人渡过某事 C [pull through something] transitive verb (overcome, survive) 渡过 ‹difficulty, crisis›

▪ pull together

A intransitive verb 齐心合力 B transitive verb [pull something together, pull together something] 整合 ‹summary, report›; 结成 ‹alliance› C reflexive verb pull oneself together 振作精神

▪ pull up

A [pull something up, pull up something] transitive verb 1. (lift) 拉高 ‹garment›

• to pull [somebody]/[something] up the cliff/out of the well 把某人/某物拉上悬崖/拉出井

• to pull oneself up out of the water 从水里爬上来 2. (uproot) 拔起 ‹plant›

3. (move closer) 把…拉近 ‹chair›

• he pulled a stool up to the table and sat down 他把凳子拖到桌边坐下

4. (stop) 使…停下 ‹vehicle, horse, athlete›

• to pull [somebody] up short or sharply 使某人怔住 B [pull somebody up, pull up somebody] transitive verb British colloquial (reprimand) 责备

• to pull [somebody] up for [something]/doing [something] 因某事物/做某事而责骂某人 C intransitive verb 1. (stop) «person» 停车; «vehicle» 停下

• to pull up at the traffic lights 在交通灯前停车 2. (regain lost ground) «athlete, pupil» 追上 Work的短语 ▪ work around intransitive verb = work round ▪ work away intransitive verb (continuously) 不停工作 (diligently) 勤奋工作 ▪ work down intransitive verb «garment» 渐渐滑落 ▪ work in transitive verb [work something in], [work in something] 1. (incorporate) 把…安排进去 ‹task›; 把…穿插进去 ‹joke, reference› 2. Culinary 掺入 ‹ingredient› ▪ work off transitive verb [work something off], [work off something] 1. (pay off by working) 挣钱偿还 ‹loan, debt› 2. (get rid of) 去除 ‹body fat, energy, anger› • to work off some excess weight 减掉多余的体重 • to work [something] off on [somebody] 在某人身上发泄 ‹emotion, frustration› • don't work off your bad temper on me! 别拿我撒气！ 3. (remove) 使…松脱 ‹lid, ring› ▪ work out

A intransitive verb 1. (exercise) 锻炼

2. (develop in a successful way) «events, situation» 有进展 • their marriage didn't work out 他们的婚姻不美满

• sometimes things just work out that way 有时候事情的结果就是那样

• I hope things work out for him 我希望他顺利 3. (be solvable) «problem» 被解决

• I can't get this equation to work out 我无法解出这个方程 4. (be calculated) «total, figures» 被算出

• to work out at or American to [something] 总数为某数 5. (come out) «piece, plug» 脱出

B [work something out], [work out something] transitive verb 1. (calculate) 算出 ‹figure, average, wages›

• to work [something] out at or American to [something] 算出某物为某数

2. (solve) 解决 ‹problem›; 解开 ‹riddle, clue›; 破译 ‹code› 3. (deduce) 弄懂 ‹answer, reason, meaning›

• to work out who/what/where etc. ... 确定谁/什么/哪里等… 4. (devise) 制订 ‹plan›

• the details still have to be worked out 细节仍有待确定 5. usually passive (exhaust) 把…开采光 ‹land, mine› • a worked-out silver mine 采尽的银矿 6. Administration 持续工作到 ‹period of time› • to work out one's notice 工作到期满 C [work somebody out], [work out somebody] transitive verb colloquial 了解…的性格

• I can't work her out 我摸不透她的脾气 D reflexive verb to work itself out «problem, situation» 逐步自行解决

• things will work themselves out 事情终将自动了结

▪ work over

transitive verb [work over somebody], [work somebody over] colloquial 拷打

▪ work round

intransitive verb to work round to [something] 渐渐讲到 ‹topic, question›

• to work round to doing [something] 渐渐讲到做某事 • to work round to asking a question 慢慢绕到提问上

▪ work up

A intransitive verb 1. (progress)

• to work up to [something] 逐渐讲到 ‹confession› 逐步发展到 ‹fight, argument›

• to work up to a climax «music, scene» 逐步进入高潮 2. (ride up) «garment» 缩上去 B transitive verb

1. [work up something] (develop) 激起 ‹appetite, enthusiasm›; 逐步增强 ‹support›

• to work up a sweat 弄出一身汗

• to work up the courage to confront [somebody] 鼓起勇气去面对某人

2. [work something up], [work up something] (expand) 使…完整 ‹sketch›

• to work one's notes up into a report 把笔记扩充成报告 3. [work somebody up] (excite) 使激动

• to work [somebody] up into a frenzy/rage 使某人变得疯狂/暴怒 C reflexive verb to work oneself up into a state/frenzy 使自己大动肝火/疯狂起来

• to get (oneself)all worked up (over or about [something]) （因某事物）激动起来 Carry的短语

47

carry away

transitive verb [carry somebody away] 使失去自制力

• he was carried away by the splendour of the palace 他被壮观的宫殿完全吸引住了

• sorry I'm late: I was trying out my new computer and I got carried away 对不起，我来晚了；我在试用新电脑，结果忘了时间

▪ carry back

transitive verb [carry somebody back] 使回想起过去

• to carry [somebody] back to [something] 使某人回想起某事物 • the smell of the sea air carried her back to childhood holidays 大海的气息使她回想起儿时度假的情景

▪ carry forward

transitive verb [carry something forward, carry forward something] 1. (transfer to new page or account) 结转 ‹balance, figure, total› 2. (keep to use or deal with later) «person, company» 冲转 ‹sum, loss›

▪ carry off transitive verb

1. [carry somebody/something off, carry off somebody/something] (take by force) 强行带走

• she was carried off by the terrorists 她被恐怖分子抓走了

• the burglars carried off the family silver 窃贼们盗走了家里的银器

2. [carry off something] (win) 赢得 ‹prize, honour›

3. [carry something off, carry off something] (succeed with) 成功处理

• to carry it off 轻松应付过去

• she carried the speech off brilliantly 她十分出色地完成了演讲 • he was unable to carry off the deception 他的诡计没能得逞 4. [carry somebody off, carry off somebody] (kill) «disease» 导致…死亡

• she was carried off by cancer 她被癌症夺去了生命

▪ carry on

A intransitive verb

1. (continue, resume activity) 继续

• if it carries on raining, we'll have to cancel the match 如果雨下个不停的话，我们将不得不取消比赛

• I'll carry on with this work after lunch 午饭后我会继续做这个工作

2. especially British (continue in same direction) 继续行进

• to carry on down or along the road (in car) 沿路一直开下去 (on foot) 沿路一直走下去

3. colloquial (behave) 有某种举止

• that's no way to carry on 绝不可以有那样的行为 4. colloquial (make fuss) 不断抱怨

• to carry on about [somebody]/[something] 不停抱怨某人/某事物

5. colloquial dated (have love affair) 有暧昧关系 • to carry on with [somebody] 与某人关系暧昧 B [carry on something] transitive verb

1. (conduct) 经营 ‹business›; 从事 ‹work, trade›; 进行 ‹negotiations, conversation, research›

• they carried on a correspondence for several years 他们保持了好几年通信联系

2. (continue) 继续保持 ‹tradition›; 继续经营 ‹family business›; 继续进行 ‹conversation, activity›

▪ carry out

transitive verb [carry out something, carry something out]

1. (go through with) 实行 ‹plan, policy, reform›; 执行 ‹order, instruction, mission›; 履行 ‹duty, promise›

• do you think she will carry out her threat? 你认为她会把威胁付

诸行动吗？

2. (conduct) 进行 ‹research, repair›; 实施 ‹attack›

▪ carry over

A transitive verb [carry over something, carry something over] 1. (transfer) 使继续下去

• she carried her business problems over into her private life 她把工作上的问题带到了自己的私人生活中

• this custom has been carried over from the 19th century 这一习俗从19世纪保持至今 2. (postpone) 推迟 ‹event›

• this debate has been carried over from the last meeting 这一争议是上次会议遗留下来的 3. Finance = carry forward B intransitive verb 继续存在

• these attitudes have carried over from childhood 童年时期形成的这些观念一直保持至今

▪ carry through transitive verb 1. [carry through something, carry something through] (accomplish) 顺利完成

• to carry through the reforms 把改革进行到底 2. [to carry somebody through] (help to survive) «courage, sense of humour» 帮助…渡过难关

• his determination carried him through the ordeal 他靠坚定的信心熬过了这场磨难 Drop的短语

▪ drop away intransitive verb 1. (diminish) «attendance, numbers, interest» 逐渐减少 2. (fall steeply) «land, shore, cliff» 陡降

▪ drop back

intransitive verb 落后

• drop back: you're too close to the car in front 开慢点儿，你离前面的汽车太近了

▪ drop behind

intransitive verb 落后

▪ drop by

intransitive verb colloquial 顺便访问

• Jim dropped by this afternoon 吉姆今天下午来串门了

▪ drop down

A intransitive verb

1. (be dropped, become lower) 掉下 2. (lower oneself) 低下身子 B transitive verb [drop something something] 把…丢下来

1. [drop off something] (fall off) 从…掉下

• the blossom began to drop off the tree 树上的花开始凋落 2. [drop something off, drop off something] (deliver) 捎带 3. [drop somebody off] (set down, allow to alight) 让…下车

▪ drop out

intransitive verb 1. (fall out) 掉出

• the key must have dropped out of my pocket 钥匙肯定从我口袋里掉出来了

2. (withdraw) 退出 School, University 退学 Sociology 逃避现实 • to drop out (of school) 退学

• he dropped out of politics 他退出了政坛 • he dropped out of society 他脱离了传统社会 3. (disappear) 消失

• the coins will gradually drop out of circulation 这些硬币将逐渐退出流通

4. (straighten out) «crease(s)» 抻平

▪ drop over

intransitive verb colloquial = drop round

▪ drop round

intransitive verb colloquial 顺便访问 • (do)drop round some time 有空来坐坐 Lie的短语

▪ lie about, lie around intransitive verb 无所事事地混日子 • she just lies about all day 她一整天都无所事事 • to lie around the house 在家里闲着 ▪ lie back intransitive verb 1. (horizontally) 平躺 2. (lean back) 仰靠 ▪ lie down intransitive verb «person» 躺下; «animal» 平卧 • she lay down on the bed 她躺在床上 • the technology is dead, but it won't lie down 这种技术已经过时了，但还不会被弃用 • to lie down on the job 怠工 • to take [something] lying down figurative 甘心忍受某事物 • the electorate will not take this lying down figurative 选民不会对此逆来顺受的 ▪ lie in intransitive verb 睡懒觉 down, drop down

▪ lie up intransitive verb 躲藏 Live的短语

▪ live in

intransitive verb 住在工作的地方

• most of the teachers/students live in 大多数老师/学生住校 • most of the workers live in 多数工人住在厂区

▪ live on intransitive verb «person, animal» 继活; figurative «fame, memory, work» 继续存在 ▪ live out

A intransitive verb 不住在工作的地方 B transitive verb [live out something] 48

续

存

▪ drop in

A transitive verb [drop something in, drop in something] 1. (let drop) 扔进

• I poured myself a cup of tea and dropped in a couple of sugar lumps 我给自己倒了杯茶，并放进几块方糖 2. colloquial (deliver) 递送

B intransitive verb colloquial 顺便来访

▪ drop off

A intransitive verb 1. (decrease) 逐渐减少

• to show signs of dropping off 呈现出下滑的迹象 2. (fall asleep) 睡着 B transitive verb

1. (survive) 活过 ‹season, day, week› 2. (spend) 度过

• to live out the rest of one's days somewhere 在某处度过余生 3. (enact) 实现 ‹fantasies›

▪ live up to

transitive verb [live up to something] 不辜负 ‹expectations›; 符合 ‹standards, advertising, hype›

• to live up to one's reputation (as ...) （作为…）名符其实 Push的短语

▪ push about

transitive verb [push somebody about, push about somebody] = push around

▪ push ahead intransitive verb

1. (on journey) 继续前行 2. (with plans) «person, organization» 毅然推行

• to push ahead with [something] 坚定推行 ‹plan, change› 坚定推进 ‹move, purchase›

▪ push along intransitive verb

1. colloquial (leave) 动身出发 2. (travel fast) «person, driver, vehicle» 快速前行

▪ push around

transitive verb [push somebody around, push around somebody] colloquial 对…发号施令

▪ push aside transitive verb [push something/somebody aside, push aside something/somebody] 1. (move) 推开

2. figurative (ignore) 把…抛到脑后 ‹feeling, doubt, idea›

▪ push away transitive verb [push something/somebody away, push away something/somebody] 推开

▪ push back transitive verb [push something/somebody back, push back something/somebody]

1. (move back) 往后推 ‹person, chair›; 使…后移 ‹forest› • she pushed her hair back 她向后理了理头发 2. Military 迫使…后退 ‹troops, front› 3. (put back) 推迟 ‹time, date, event›

• the start was pushed back from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. 出发时间从下午2点推迟到4点

▪ push down

transitive verb [push something down, push down something] (reduce) 降低

• to push the price/number/temperature down to ... 把价格/数目/温度降低到…

▪ push forward

A intransitive verb (advance) «troops» 向前推进 B transitive verb [push somebody/something forward, push forward somebody/something]

1. (move forward) 向前推 ‹person, troops, chair› 2. figurative (put forward) 极力坚持 ‹idea, proposal›

▪ push in A transitive verb [push somebody/something somebody/something]

1. (force to go in) 把…推入 ‹key, peg, bolt› 2. (press inwards) 踹开 ‹door, window› B intransitive verb British «person, vehicle» 加塞儿

in, push in

▪ push off

A intransitive verb

1. British colloquial (leave) 离开

• it's time we were pushing off 我们该走了 • push off, will you! 劳驾你滚开！ 2. (in boat) 划船离去

• to push off aft 向后划船

• to push off from the bank/quay 从岸边/码头划走

B transitive verb [push something off, push off something] 1. (remove) 揭掉 ‹lid, covering›

• to push [something] off [something] 从某处把某物揭掉 2. Nautical 划走 ‹boat›

▪ push on

A intransitive verb

1. (on journey) 继续前行

2. (with plans) = push ahead 2.

B transitive verb [push something on, push on something] 推上 ‹lid, covering›

▪ push out

A [push somebody out, push out somebody] transitive verb (force to leave) 赶走 ‹person, rival›

B transitive verb [push something out, push out something] 1. (replace) 取代 ‹product, fashion›; 改变 ‹attitude› 2. (move outwards) 使突出

• to push out one's chest 挺起胸膛

• she pushed her lips out in a pout 她撅起了嘴 3. (mass-produce) 批量生产 ‹product›

• universities pushing out graduates with useless degrees 培养出成批持无用文凭毕业生的大学

▪ push over

A transitive verb [push somebody/something over, push over somebody/something] 推倒

B intransitive verb colloquial 挪开 • push over! 挪过去！

▪ push through A transitive verb [push something through, push through something] 使…获得批准 ‹policy, deal›

• to push a bill through parliament 促使议会通过一项法案

• he promised to push through her visa application 他答应让她的签证申请尽快办下来 B intransitive verb «person, vehicle» 挤过去

▪ push up

transitive verb [push something up, push up something] 使持续增长 ‹price, rate, unemployment, inflation›

• the shortage of building land is bound to push up house prices 建筑用地短缺肯定会推高房价 Run的短语 ▪ run about intransitive verb British = run around A. ▪ run about with transitive verb British colloquial = run around with 49

▪ run across transitive verb

1. [run across somebody] (meet) 偶然遇见 ‹person, acquaintance› 2. [run across something] (find) 偶然发现 ‹object, reference, quotation›

▪ run after transitive verb 1. [run after somebody/something] (try to catch) 追赶 ‹person, thief, vehicle, animal, ball›

2. [run after somebody] colloquial (seek relationship with) 追求

▪ run along

intransitive verb dated colloquial [尤指命令儿童] 走开 • run along (now)! （马上）走开！ A intransitive verb 到处跑

• I've been running around all over the place looking for you 我在到处找你

B transitive verb [run around something] 在…处跑来跑去

• the children were running around the house 孩子们在屋子里跑来跑去

▪ run around with

transitive verb [run around with somebody] colloquial 与…鬼混

▪ run at

transitive verb

1. [run at somebody/something] (charge towards) 冲向 2. [run at something] (be at) «inflation, unemployment» 达到 ‹percentage, level, rate, figure›

• with inflation running at 2.2% 通胀率达到2.2%

▪ run away 1. (flee) 逃跑

2. colloquial (go away) 离开

• don't run away; the play has only just started 别走，戏才刚刚开始

3. to run away from [somebody]/[something] (leave)逃离某人/某处 (try to avoid)回避某人/某事物

• to run away from home/one's husband 离家出走/离开丈夫

• to run away from one's responsibilities/a problem 逃避责任/问题

4. (elope) 私奔

• to run away together 一起私奔 5. (flow away) «water, liquid» 流掉

▪ run away with

A [run away with something] transitive verb 1. (abscond with) 偷走 ‹profits, takings, money› 2. (mistakenly believe) 错误地相信 ‹impression›

• I don't want him running away with that idea 我不想让他有那种错误想法

• to run away with the idea or notion that ... 误以为… 3. (win easily) «person, team, company» 轻松赢得 ‹prize, title, match› 4. British (use up) «activity, project» 耗费 ‹money, resources› B [run away with somebody] transitive verb 1. (overwhelm) «emotions» 脱离…的控制

• to let one's emotions/enthusiasm/imagination run away with one 按捺不住情感/被热情冲昏了头/想入非非 2. (elope with) 和…私奔 ‹boyfriend, lover›

▪ run by

transitive verb to run [something] by [somebody] colloquial ［为了解反应］ 把…告诉某人 ‹idea, proposal›

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• can you run that plan by me again? 把那个计划再说给我听听好吗？

▪ run down

A intransitive verb 1. (lose power) «battery» 耗尽; «watch, machine» 停止运转 2. (decline) «industry, operation» 萎缩 3. (decrease) «reserves, stocks» 减少 B [run somebody/something down, run down somebody/something] transitive verb 1. (knock down) «driver, vehicle» 撞倒 ‹person, animal›

• to be or get run down by [somebody]/[something] 被某人/某物撞倒

2. (criticize) 诋毁 ‹person, institution› 3. (catch) 抓到 ‹person, animal›

4. (find after a search) 找到 ‹person, object›

C [run something down, run down something] transitive verb 1. (make lose power) 耗尽 ‹battery›; 使…停止运转 ‹watch, machine›

2. (reduce) 减少 ‹production, reserves›; 使…萎缩 ‹industry›

▪ run in

transitive verb

1. [run something in, run in something] British Automobile 磨合 ‹car, engine›

• ‘running in — please pass’ “磨合驾驶──请先行” 2. [run somebody in] colloquial (arrest) «person, police» 拘留

▪ run into A [run into somebody/something] transitive verb (collide with) «person, vehicle» 撞上 ‹person, vehicle, tree, wall› B [run into something] transitive verb 1. (experience) 遇到 ‹difficulties› • to run into debt 负债

2. (enter area of) 遭遇 ‹bad weather› 3. (amount to) «debt, sales» 达到 ‹hundreds, millions› • an income running into six figures 高达6位数的收入 C [run into somebody] transitive verb (meet) 偶然遇见

▪ run off

A intransitive verb 1. (flee) «person, animal» 跑掉 2. (abscond) 逃走

3. colloquial (go away) 离开

• don't let him run off without saying goodbye 别让他不辞而别 4. (flow off) «water, liquid» 流掉

B transitive verb [run something off, run off something] 1. (print) «person, machine» 复印 ‹copy›

• to run [something] off on [something] 用某物复印某物 2. (contest) «organizers» 使…进行 ‹heats› 3. (drain off) 使…流出 ‹liquid›

• run off the water that has been standing in the pipes 把管子里积存的水排干

▪ run off with transitive verb

1. [run off with something] (abscond with) 偷走 ‹takings, money› 2. [run off with somebody] (elope with) 和…私奔

▪ run on

A intransitive verb «meeting, seminar, programme, person» 拖延 B transitive verb

1. [run something on, run on something] Printing 接排 2. [run on somebody/something] (be concerned with) «thoughts, discussion, conversation» 围绕 ‹person, subject, event›; «mind» 总想着 ‹person, subject, event›

▪ run out

intransitive verb

1. (be used up) 被耗尽

• my money ran out 我的钱花完了

• time is running out 剩下的时间不多了

• my patience is running out 我越来越没耐心了 • their luck ran out 他们的好运到头了 2. (become empty) «pen» 用干墨水; «vending machine» 售光 3. (exhaust supply) 用完

• sorry, I've run out 对不起，我用完了 • the car ran out of petrol 车没油了 4. (expire) «passport, licence, agreement» 过期; «contract» 失效

▪ run out on

transitive verb [run out on somebody] colloquial 抛弃 ‹wife, husband, partner›

▪ run over

A [run somebody/something over, run over somebody/something] transitive verb (knock down) 撞倒 B [run over something] transitive verb

1. (drive over) 从…上压过 ‹body, log, bump, stone› 2. (explain) 快速解释 ‹schedule, main points, figures› 3. (read through) 浏览 ‹notes, text› C intransitive verb 1. (overrun) «meeting, programme» 超时 • to run over by 10 minutes 超时10分钟 2. (overflow) «container, water» 溢出

▪ run past

transitive verb colloquial = run by

▪ run round

intransitive verb, transitive verb British = run around

▪ run round with

transitive verb British colloquial = run around with

▪ run through A [run through somebody/something] transitive verb «murmur, excitement, thrill» 迅速传遍 ‹crowd, audience›; «thought, tune» 在…里闪过 ‹head, mind› B [run through something] transitive verb 1. (pervade) «theme, prejudice» 遍布 ‹work, society›

2. (present, explain) 快速说明 ‹schedule, main points, figures› 3. (read through) 浏览 ‹notes, text› 4. (use up) 挥霍掉 ‹money, inheritance› 5. (rehearse) 排练 ‹speech, scene, act›

C [run something through something] transitive verb 1. (process) «person» 用…处理…

• to run [something] through the computer 用计算机处理 ‹data, figures›

2. (subject to) 使…经受…

• to run [something] through a series of tests 对…进行一系列检测 ‹machine, device, sample› D [run somebody/something through] transitive verb literary (stab) 刺穿

• to run [somebody]/[something] through with a sword/spear 用剑/矛刺穿某人/某物

▪ run to

A [run to somebody/something] transitive verb (have recourse to) 向…求助 ‹person, authority›

• to go running to one's parents 去找父母帮忙 • to go running to the police 去找警察求助

• don't come running to me for a handout 别来求我施舍

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B [run to something] transitive verb 1. (extend to) 达到

• to run to 300 pages 长达300页

• her tastes don't run to modern jazz 她还欣赏不了现代爵士乐 2. (be enough for) «income, savings» 足够…之用 ‹object, activity› • his salary doesn't run to Caribbean cruises 他的薪水不足以去加勒比海乘船游览 3. (afford) 买得起

• I don't think I can run to that 我想我买不起那个

▪ run up

transitive verb [run something up, run up something] 1. (accumulate) 积欠 ‹bill, debt› 2. (make) 赶制 ‹dress, curtains› 3. (raise) 升起 ‹flag›

▪ run up against

transitive verb [run up against something] «person, proposal, scheme» 遭遇 ‹difficulty, obstacle, opposition›

▪ run with

transitive verb American colloquial = run around with Do的短语 ▪ do away with transitive verb [do away with something/somebody] 1. (abolish, get rid of) 废除 ‹rule, service›; 拆掉 ‹wall, building› 2. colloquial (kill) 干掉 ‹person, animal› ▪ do down transitive verb [do somebody/something down] British colloquial 贬低 • don't do yourself down 别责怪自己 ▪ do for transitive verb [do for somebody/something] colloquial «illness» 杀死 ‹person›; figurative毁掉 ‹project, company› • I'm done for figurative 我完蛋了 ▪ do in transitive verb [do somebody in] colloquial 1. (kill) 杀死 • mobsters did him in 匪徒们杀了他 2. (exhaust) 使…筋疲力尽 • I feel done in 我感觉浑身无力 ▪ do out transitive verb [do something out, do out something] colloquial 装饰 ‹room› • to be done out in blue 装饰成蓝色 ▪ do over transitive verb colloquial 1. [do somebody over] British 痛打 • they did him over for no reason whatsoever 他们无缘无故痛打了他一顿 2. [do something over] (ransack) 寻遍 • thieves had done over the entire house 盗贼翻遍了整栋房子 3. [do something over] American (redo) 重做 • the teacher told her to do it over (again) 老师让她重做一遍 ▪ do up A transitive verb [do something up, do up something] 1. (fasten) 系好 ‹clothes, laces, shoes›; 拉上 ‹zip›; 扣好 ‹buttons› 2. (wrap) 捆扎 ‹parcel› • the package was done up with string 包裹是用细绳绑起来的 • to do one's hair (up)in a bun 把头发扎成圆髻 3. colloquial (renovate) 翻新 ‹house›

• we are doing up the living room 我们在翻修客厅 4. colloquial (adorn) 打扮

• to do oneself up in fine clothes 穿上漂亮的衣服 B intransitive verb «clothes» 系牢

• to do up at the back/with a zip 在后面/用拉链系起来

▪ do with

transitive verb

1. to have to do with [something]/[somebody] (involve)和…有关 • it has something/nothing to do with money 这和钱有关/无关 • it has nothing to do with you 这不关你的事 2. British (tolerate) 忍受

• I can't be doing with loud music 我受不了太响的音乐 3. (need) 需要

• I could do with a holiday 我得休假了 • what I could do with is ... 我需要的是…

4. to be done with (have finished)做完 ‹work› 用完 ‹tool›; 吃完 ‹meal›

• it's all over and done with 彻底完成了

• I used to gamble heavily, but I'm done with all that now 我曾经赌博成瘾，但现在已经彻底洗手不干了

▪ do without

transitive verb [do without something] 可以没有 ‹food, luxuries› • I can't do without the car 我不能没有车

• I can do without your advice 我不需要你的劝告 • you'll have to do without! 你只好将就了！ Look的短语

▪ look after

transitive verb [look after somebody/something]

1. (care for) 看护 ‹invalid›; 养护 ‹equipment, possessions›; 招待 ‹guests›

• look after yourself! 保重！

2. (be responsible for) 照管 ‹child, pet, business, suitcase›; 保管 ‹money›

• to look after [something] for [somebody] 为某人照看某物 • to look after the shop/house 看店/看房子

• to look after [somebody's] interests 维护某人的利益

3. (attend to) 处理 ‹financial matters, legal business›; 解决 ‹needs› • to look after customer enquiries 处理客户咨询

▪ look ahead

intransitive verb 为将来打算

• to look ahead to [something] 为某事物做打算

• to be looking ahead four years 为今后的4年作打算

▪ look around

A intransitive verb

1. (turn one's head) 四下看 2. (search) 四处寻找

• to look around for [somebody]/[something] 四处寻找某人/某事物

3. (view) 四处看看

• I'd just like to look around, please 哦，我只是想随便看看 B transitive verb [look around something] 参观 ‹building, town, exhibition›

▪ look at

transitive verb [look at something] 1. (observe) 看

• look at the mess/you! 瞧瞧这一堆乱摊子/你自己！

• to look at [somebody] doing or do [something] 看某人做某事的样子

• he's a wrestler, but you'd never think it to look at him 他是摔跤

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手，但是看他的样子你怎么都想不到 • she's not much or she's nothing to look at 她相貌平平 2. (glance briefly at) 浏览 ‹newspaper, report› 3. (consider) 考虑 ‹problem, implications, proposal› • look at where she is now/what happened to her! 想想她现在在哪儿吧/她的遭遇吧！ 4. (regard) 看待 ‹life, situation, event› • look at it this way 这样看这件事 • looked at another way, ... 换个角度看，… ▪ look back intransitive verb 1. (look behind one) 回头看 • to look back at [something]/[somebody] 回头看某物/某人 • since then he's never looked back figurative 自那以后，他的事业蒸蒸日上 2. (reflect, reminisce) 回顾 • to look back on/to [something] 回顾某事 ▪ look down intransitive verb 1. 向下看 • to look down at [something] 向下看某物 2. (dominate) «fortress, tower» 俯瞰 ‹town, valley› 3. (despise) 小看 • to look down on [something]/[somebody] 轻视某事物/某人 ▪ look for transitive verb [look for somebody/something] 1. (search for) 寻找 ‹person, object, opportunity› 2. (expect) 期待 ‹result, promise, commitment› ▪ look forward intransitive verb to look forward to [something] 期待 ‹event, reunion, visit› • I look forward to hearing from you soon (in letter) 我希望能很快收到你的回信 ▪ look in

intransitive verb 1. (peer) 往里面看

• to look in at the window/through a crack 在窗边/从一条缝隙往里面看

2. (pay a short call)

• to look in at a place 短暂拜访某处

• we could look in at Sarah's/at the library on the way 我们可顺便去萨拉家/图书馆

• to look in on [somebody]/[something] 短暂拜访某人/某处 • I'll look in on you later 我晚些时候再来找你

▪ look into

transitive verb [look into something] 调查 ‹cause, case, problem› • to look into [somebody's] accounts/financial position 审查某人的账目/财务状况

▪ look like

transitive verb [look like somebody/something] 看似 • what does he/it look like? 他长/它是什么样子？

• he doesn't look at all like his father 他一点都不像他父亲

• that looks very much like my wallet 那看起来很像是我的钱包 • it looks to me like a forgery 我看它像是赝品

• are you having trouble? — what does it look like? 你有麻烦吗？──看着像吗？

• it looks like rain 看来要下雨

• looks like trouble, I'm afraid 恐怕有麻烦

• you look like being the only man here 你好像是这里唯一的男人

A transitive verb [look on somebody/something] 看待

• they looked on her with the deepest suspicion 他们对她充满怀疑

• to look on [somebody]/[something] as ... 视某人/某事物为… • they looked on him as ideal for the job 他们认为他是这份工作的理想人选

B intransitive verb 旁观

• we did all the work, while they looked on 我们做了所有工作，他们只是袖手旁观

• we will not sit back and look on while our allies are attacked 我们的盟友受袭时，我们不会坐着袖手旁观

▪ look out

A intransitive verb 1. (take care) 注意 • look out! 当心！

• look out behind you! 当心身后！

• they'd better look out 他们最好当心点 • to look out for [something] 当心某事物 2. (keep watch) 留意寻找

• to look out for [somebody]/[something] 留心寻觅某人/某物 3. (stare, gaze) 向外看

• we could look out over the town 我们可以向外俯瞰全城 • to look out of [something] 从某物向外望

• she was looking out of an upstairs window 她正从楼上窗户向外看

B transitive verb [look out something] British 找出 ‹back numbers, old clothes›

• to look [something] out for [somebody] 为某人找出某物

▪ look over

transitive verb [look over something, look something over] 浏览 ‹essay, report›

▪ look round

intransitive verb, transitive verb British = look around

▪ look through transitive verb

1. [look through something, look something through] (read through quickly) 浏览 ‹book, script, notes› 2. [look through something] (search) 在…中查找 ‹cupboards, drawers›; 翻查 ‹files, records›

• I've looked through my wardrobe 我在衣柜里找过了

• we've looked through the accounts for that year 我们查过那年的账了

3. [look through somebody] (ignore) 无视 ‹person›

▪ look to

transitive verb

1. [look to somebody] (rely on) 指望

• to look to [somebody]/[something] for [something] 指望从某人/某事物处取得某物

• to look to [somebody]/[something] to do [something] 指望某人/某事物做某事

• people look to us for advice 人们希望从我们这里得到建议 2. [look to something] formal (take care of) 注意

• a sovereign nation must look to its own defences 一个主权国必须确保自己的国防安全

▪ look up

A intransitive verb 1. (direct gaze) 抬头看

• to look up from [something] 从某物抬头往上看

• he looked up from his work/newspaper (to talk to us) 他停下手中的工作/放下手中报纸，抬起头（，和我们说话） 2. colloquial (improve) 好转

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• things are looking up for us 对我们来说情况正在好转 • business may look up a little 生意可能会有些起色 B transitive verb

1. [look something up, look up something] (try to find) 查找 ‹word, name, date›

2. [look somebody up, look up somebody] (visit) 看望 ‹friend› • look me up if you're ever in Shanghai 你若来上海就来看我吧

▪ look upon

transitive verb = look on A.

▪ look up to

transitive verb [look up to somebody/something] 敬重

• I've always looked up to him as someone of great integrity 我一直敬重他是个正人君子