中国矿业大学翻译硕士英语模拟
一．单项选择题（每小题1分）
一
1.Nooneappreciatedhisworkduringhislifetime,but____itisclearthathewasagreatartist.A.intheaftermath
B.bythetimeC.inretrospect
D.inthiseventuality
2.Beingbothspoiledandlazy,he____everyoneelseforhislackofsuccess.A.accused
B.charged
C.criticized
D.blamed
3.Yourusualteacherhaslosthisvoiceand____Iamtakinghisplacetoday.A.nevertheless
B.however
C.moreover
D.accordingly
4.Asalwayswhenshesanginthebathroom,she____thehighnotesinaspecialA.spanout
B.beltedout
C.spreadout
D.stretchout
5.Theprisoner____thathehadassaultedapoliceman.A.denied
B.rejected
C.contradicted
D.refused
6.OurproductsaredisplayedinStandB22,____youwillfindmeduringofficehours.A.when
B.Which
C.that
D.where
7.Wecannotseeanypossibilityofbusiness_____yourpriceisonthehighsideoftheprevailingmarkettrend.A.which
B.Since
C.that
D.though
8.Overaverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofanevent_____isequaltotheprobabilitythatitwillnotoccur.A.occurring
B.Occurred
C.occurs
D.occur
9.“They’rethebestteamI’veseenthusfar,”says____men’sbasketballcoachLarryBrown.A.American’s
B.US
C.theUSA
D.UnitedStateofAmerica
10.ManyAmericansdonotunderstandwhythereissomuchinternationalcriticismoftheUSpolicyon____change.A.atmosphere
B.sky
C.weather
D.Climate
11.Onlyone-fifthofAmericanssawoilasthechiefreasonthattheU.S.madeawar
onIraq,but75percentoftheFrenchandoftheRussiansbelieved_____.A.to
B.so
C.go
D.Do
12.Sadly,whiletheacademicindustrythrives,thepracticeoftranslationcontinuesto
_____.A.stack
B.stage
C.stagnate
D.stamp
13.Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegativeframeof
_____,withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyourproposal.A.mind
B.idea
C.intention
D.wish
14.Ifyouareanenergeticpersonwithstrongviewsastotherightwayofdoingthings,youfindyourself_____underpressures.A.variably
B.invariably
C.invaluably
D.invalidly
15.UncleVernon,quiteunlikeHarryPotterwholookednothingliketherestofthe
family,waslarge,veryfat,and_____,withanenormousblackmustache.A.neck-less
B.neck-lace
C.reckless
D.rack-less
16.Intheeighteenthcentury,thetownofBennington,Vermont,wasfamousfor___pottery.A.itmade
B.its
C.themaking
D.whereits
17.___getolder,thegamestheyplaybecomeincreasinglycomplex.A.Children
B.Children,whentheyC.Aschildren
D.Forchildrento
18.___ofhischildhoodhomeinHannibal,Missouri,providedMarkTwainwiththeinspirationfortwoofhismostpopularnovels.A.Remembering
B.Memories
C.ItwasthememoriesD.Heremembered
19.Duststormsmostoftenoccurinareaswherethegroundhaslittlevegetationtoprotect___ofthewind.A.Fromtheeffects
B.ittheeffects
C.itfromtheeffectsD.theeffectsfromit
20.Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenarea___.
A.scarcityB.minorityC.minimumD.shortage
二．阅读理解（每小题2分）
1.
WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.
AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostations.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children’sprogramsandfilmsforanannuallicensefeeof83perhousehold.
Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years—yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogramsarenowthesubjectofanationwidedebateinBritain.
Thedebatewaslaunchedbythegovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC—includingordinarylistenersandviewers—tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtifitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalchartersrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitisortomakechanges.
DefendersoftheCorporation—ofwhomtherearemany—arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain’tbroke,don’tfixit.”TheBBC“ain’tbroke”,theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword“broke”,meaninghavingnomoney),orwhybothertochangeit?
YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels—ITVandChannel4—wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment’sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels—fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’
subscriptions—whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangeinthelongterm.
1.TheworldfamousBBCnowisconfrontedwith___.A.theproblemofnewscoverageB.anuncertainprospectC.inquiriesbythegeneralpublicD.shrinkageofaudience
2.Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisnotmentionedasthekeyissue?
A.ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.B.Programsasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.C.Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.D.Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.
3.TheBBC’s“royalcharter”(Paragraph4)represents___.A.thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamilyB.theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueenC.acontractwiththeQueen
D.auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily
4.Theword“broke”in“Ifitain’tbroke,don’tfixit”means___.A.brokedownB.bankruptC.fragmentedD.penniless
5.ThefirstandforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan___.
A.theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels
B.theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernmentC.theurgentnecessitytoreducecost—and—jobexpensesD.thechallengesofnewsatellitechannels
2.
FederalReserveSystem,centralbankingsystemoftheUnitedStates,popularlycalledtheFed.Acentralbankservesasthebankertoboththebankingcommunityandthegovernment;italsoissuesthenationalcurrency,conductsmonetarypolicy,andplaysamajorroleinthesupervisionandregulationofbanksandbankholdingcompanies.IntheU.S.thesefunctionaretheresponsibilitiesofkeyofficialsoftheFederalReserveSystem:theBoardofGovernors,locatedinWashington,D.C.,andthetopofficersof12districtFederalReservebanks,locatedthroughoutthenation.TheFed’sactions,describedbelow,generallyhaveasignificanteffectonU.S.interestratesand,subsequently,onstock,bond,andotherfinancialmarkets.
TheFederalReserve’sbasicpowersareconcentratedintheBoardofGovernors,whichisparamountinallpolicyissuesconcerningbankregulationandsupervisionandinmostaspectsofmonetarycontrol.TheboardenunciatestheFed’spoliciesonbothmonetaryandbankingmatter.Becausetheboardisnotanoperatingagency,mostoftheday-todayimplementationofpolicydecisionsislefttothedistrictFederalReservebanks,stockinwhichisownedbythecommercialbanksthataremembersoftheFederalReserveSystem.Ownershipinthisinstance,however,doesnotimplycontrol;theBoardofGovernorsandtheheadsoftheReservebanksorienttheirpoliciestothepublicinterestratherthantothebenefitoftheprivatebankingsystem.
TheU.S.bankingsystem’sregulatoryapparatusiscomplex;theauthorityoftheFederalReserveissharedinsomeinstancesforexample,inmergersortheexaminationofbankswithotherFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation(FDIC).In
thecriticalareaofregulatingthenation’smoneysupplyinaccordancewithnationaleconomicgoals,however,theFederalReserveisindependentwithinthegovernment,IncomeandexpendituresoftheFederalReservebanksandoftheboardofgovernorsarenotsubjecttothecongressionalappropriationprocess;theFederalReserveisself-financing.Itsincome($20.2billionin1992)comesmainlyfromReservebankholdingsofincome-earningsecurities,primarilythoseoftheU.S.government.Outlays($1.5billionin1992)aremostlyforoperationalexpensesinprovidingservicestothegovernmentandforexpendituresconnectedwithregulationandmonetarypolicy.In1992theFederalReservereturned416.8billioninearningstotheU.S.treasury.
1.TheFedoftheUnitedStates___.A.functionasChinaBank
B.isthecounterpartofPeople’sBankofChina
C.issubjectedtothebankingcommunityandgovernment
D.has13topofficerswhocaninfluencetheAmericanfinancialmarket
2.ThefactthatstockintheFedbelongstocommercialbanks___.A.doesn’tmeanthelatterisincontrolB.meansthelatterisincontrol
C.meansthelatterissubjectedtotheReservebanksD.meanstheReservebanksorientthelatter’spolicies
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Thefedisaverybig,complexandsignificantsystemwhichcomprisesmanylocalbanks.
B.AllthecommercialbanksarenotthecomponentsofFederalReserveSystem.C.Boardofgovernorsisthesupremepolicy-makersofAmerica.
D.DistrictReservebanksratherthanBoardofgovernorsperformtheday-to-daypolicies.
4.TheauthorityofthefederalReserve___.A.hastobesharedwithotherestablishments.B.isexclusiveatothertimes
C.isn’tlimitedbycomptrolleroftheCurrencyandFDICD.islimitedbyBoardofgovernors
5.IncomeoftheBoardofgovernors___.A.isborrowedfromtheU.S.treasury
B.isusedbythegovernmenttomakevariouspoliciesC.comesfromtheU.S.TreasuryD.isnotgrantedbythegovernment
3.
Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry–from82to110millionbetween1973and1985–thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyinno–blue-collarjobs…
Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionofthelaborforceInmanufacturingthandevelopedcountriesnowemployinfarming–atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymorethanone–thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.
Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesametimesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitive–oreventoremain“developed.”Theattempttopreservesuchblue–collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment…
ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreitthattheUnitedStatesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.Wherewespokeofmechanizationafewdecadesago,wenowspeakof“robotization“or“automation.”Thisisactuallymoreachangeinterminologythanachangeinreality.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofman–hoursrequiredtoproduceamotorcarbysome80percentintwoorthreeyears–farmorethananyoneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleterobotization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganew,sharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachines–thatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates______.
A.thedegreetowhichacountry’sproductionisrobotizedB.areductioninacountry’smanufacturingindustriesC.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagement
D.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry
2.Accordingtotheauthor,incoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertremaincompetitive,oughtto______.
A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collarworkforceB.preserveblue–collarjobsforinternationalcompetitionC.acceleratemotor–canmanufacturinginHenryFord’sstyle
D.solvetheproblemofunemployment
3.Americanpoliticiansandlaborleaderstendtodislike_____.A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomyB.anincreaseinblue–collarworkforce
C.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproductionD.adropintheblue–collarjobopportunities
4.Theword“prescription”in“aprescriptionforunemployment”maybetheequivalentto______
A.somethingrecommendedasmedicaltreatmentB.awaysuggestedtoovercomesomedifficultyC.somemeasurestakeninadvanceD.adevicetodire
5.Thispassagemayhavebeenexceptedfrom________A.amagazineaboutcapitalinvestmentB.anarticleonautomationC.amotor-carmagazineD.anarticleonglobaleconomy
4.
Whatdoesthefutureholdfortheproblemofhousing?Agooddealdepends,ofcourse,onthemeaningof“future”.Ifoneisthinkingintermsofsciencefictionandthespaceage,itisatleastpossibletoassumethatmanwillhavesolvedsuchtrivialandearthlyproblemsashousing.Writersofsciencefiction,fromH.G.Wellsonwards,havehadlittletosayonthesubject.Theyhaveconveyedthesuggestionthatmenwill
liveingreatcomfort,witheveryconceivableapparatustomakelifesmooth,healthyandeasy,ifnothappy.Buttheyhavenotsaidwhathishousewillbemadeof.Perhapssomenewbuildingmaterial,asyetunimagined,willhavebeendiscoveredorinventedatleast.Onemaybecertainthatbricksandmortar(泥灰，灰浆)willlonghavegoneoutoffashion.
Buttheproblemsofthenextgenerationortwocanmorereadilybeimagined.Scientistshavealreadypointedoutthatunlesssomethingisdoneeithertorestricttheworld’srapidgrowthinpopulationortodiscoveranddevelopnewsourcesoffood(orboth),millionsofpeoplewillbedyingofstarvationoratthebestsufferingfromunderfeedingbeforethiscenturyisout.Butnobodyhasyetworkedoutanyplanforhousingthesegrowingpopulations.Admittedlytheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworld,wherehousingcanbelightstructureorinbackwardareaswherestandardsaretraditionallylow.Buteventheminimumshelterrequiresmaterialsofsomekindandintheteeming,bulgingtownsthelow-standard“housing”offlattenedpetrolcansanddirtycanvasisfarmorewastefulofgroundspacethancanbetolerated.
Sincethewar,HongKonghassufferedthekindofcrisiswhichislikelytoariseinmanyotherplacesduringthenextgeneration.Literallymillionsofrefugeesarrivedtoswellthealreadygrowingpopulationandemergencystepshadtobetakenrapidlytopreventsqualor（肮脏）anddiseaseandthespreadcrime.Thecityistacklingthesituationenergeticallyandenormousblocksoftenements（贫民住宅）arerisingatanastonishingaped.ButHongKongisonlyonesmallpartofwhatwillcertainlybecomeavastproblemandnotmerelyahousingproblem,becausewhenpopulationgrowsatthisratethereareaccompanyingproblemsofeducation,transport,hospitalservices,drainage,watersupplyandsoon.NoteveryareamaygivethesameresourcesasHongKongtodrawuponandthesearchforquickerandcheapermethodsofconstructionmustnevercease.
1.Whatistheauthor’sopinionofhousingproblemsinthefirstparagraph?A.Theymaybecompletelysolvedatsometimeinthefuture.
B.Theyareunimportantandeasilydealtwith.
C.Theywillnotbesolveduntilanewbuildingmaterialhasbeendiscovered.D.Theyhavebeendealtwithinspecificdetailinbooksdescribingthefuture.
2.Thewriterissurethatinthedistantfuture___.
A.bricksandmortarwillbereplacedbysomeotherbuildingmaterial.B.anewbuildingmaterialwillhavebeeninvented.
C.bricksandmortarwillnotbeusedbypeoplewhowanttheirhousetobefashionable.
D.anewwayofusingbricksandmortarwillhavebeendiscovered.
3.Thewriterbelievesthatthebiggestproblemlikelytoconfronttheworldbeforetheendofthecentury___.
A.isdifficulttoforesee.
B.willbehowtofeedtheevergrowingpopulation.
C.willbehowtoprovideenoughhousesinthehottestpartsoftheworld.D.isthequestionoffindingenoughgroundspace.
4.Whenthewritersaysthattheworstsituationswilloccurinthehottestpartsoftheworldorinbackwardareas,heisreferringtothefactthatintheseparts___.
A.standardsofbuildingarelow.B.onlyminimumshelterwillbepossible.C.thereisnotenoughgroundspace.D.thepopulationgrowthwillbethegreatest.
5.WhichofthefollowingsentencesbestsummarizesParagraph3?A.HongKonghasfacedaseriouscrisiscausedbymillionsofrefugees.B.HongKonghassuccessfullydealtwiththeemergencycausedbymillionsofrefugees.
C.HongKong’scrisiswasnotonlyamatterofhousingbutincludedanumberof
otherproblemsofpopulationgrowth.
D.ManypartsoftheworldmayhavetofacethekindofproblemsencounteredbyHongKongandmayfinditmuchhardertodealwiththem.
5.
In1975adoctorinSingaporenoticedthathospitalsweretreatinganunusualnumberofinfluenzalikecases.Influenzaissometimescalled“flu\"ora“badcold\".Hetooksamplesfromthethroatsofpatientsandinhishospitalwasabletofindthevirusofthisinfluenza.
Therearethreemaintypesoftheinfluenzavirus（病毒）.ThemostimportantofthesearetypeAandB,eachofthemhavingseveralsubgroups.WiththeinstrumentsatthehospitalthedoctorrecognizedthattheoutbreakwasduetoavirusingroupA,buthedidnotknowthesubgroup.ThenhereportedtheoutbreaktotheWorldHealthOrganizationinGeneva.W.H.O.publishedtheimportantnewsalongsidereportsofasimilaroutbreakinHongKong,whereabout15～20%ofthepopulationhadbecomeill.
AssoonastheLondondoctorsreceivethepackageofthroatsamples,doctorsbeganthestandardtests.Theyfoundthatbyreproducingitselfwithveryhighspeed,thevirushadgrownmorethanamilliontimeswithintwodays.Continuingtheircarefultests,thedoctorscheckedtheeffectofdrugsagainstalltheknownsubgroupsofvirustypeA.Noneofthemgaveanyprotection.This,then,wassomethingnew,anewinfluenzavirus,againstwhichthepeopleoftheworldhadnohelpwhatever.Havingfoundthevirustheywereworkingwith,thetwodoctorsnowdroppeditintothenosesofsomespeciallyselectedanimals,whichgetinfluenzamuchashumanbeingsdo.Inashorttimetheusualsignsofthediseaseappeared.Theseexperimentsprovedthatthenewviruswaseasytocatch,butthatitwasnotakiller.Scientists,likethegeneralpublic,callitsimplyAsianflu.
Thefirstdiscoveryofthevirus,however,wasmadeinChinabeforethedisease
hadappearedinothercountries.VariousreportsshowedthattheinfluenzaoutbreakstartedinChina,probablyinFebruaryof1957.BythemiddleofMarchithadspreadalloverChina.TheviruswasfoundbyChinesedoctorsearlyinMarch.ButChinaisnotamemberoftheWorldHealthOrganizationandthereforedoesnotreportoutbreaksofdiseasetoit.Notuntiltwomonthslater,whentravelerscarriedthevirusintoHongKong,fromwhereitspreadtoSingapore,didthenewsoftheoutbreakreachtherestoftheworld.Bythistimeitwasstartedonitswayaroundtheworld.
Thereafter,W.H.O.'sWeeklyReportsdescribedthesteadyspreadofthisvirusoutbreak,whichwithinfourmonthssweptthrougheverycontinent.
1.ThedoctorinSingaporeperformedavaluableserviceby
2.Oneinterestingthingaboutthevirusinthestorywasthat
3.Thetypeofinfluenzadiscussedinthestory
4.Theexperimentsingivingthevirustoanimalsprovedthatthistypeofinfluenzawaseasytocatchbut
5.Onereasonwhytheoutbreakofthediseasewasnotdiscoveredsoonerwasthat
三．作文（30分）
TourismisaboomingbusinessinChina.However,somepeopleworrythattoomanytouristsmaybringharmtotheenvironment,whileothersdon’tthinkso.Whatisyouropinion?WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsonthe
followingtopic:
WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment?Youaretowriteinthreeparts.
Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.
Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonstosupportyouropinion.
Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.
Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,grammarandappropriateness.Failuretofollowtheinstructionsmayresultinalossofmarks.
中国矿业大学翻译硕士英语模拟一
参考答案
一、单项选择题
1.C2.D3.D16.B
4.A5.A6.D7.B8.A9.B10.D11.B12.C13.A
14.B15.A17.C18.B19.C20.B
二、阅读理解1.BCCDD2.BACBD3.AADCD4.AABDD
5.1.reportingtheoutbreaktoGeneva
2.itcouldreproducewithgreatspeed
3.couldnotbecuredbyanyknowndrug4.butwasnotdeadly
5.ChinadidnotbelongtoWHOthen.
三、作文
WillTourismBringHarmtotheEnvironment?
Inrecentyears,tourismhasdevelopedrapidlyinChina.Manypeoplebelievethattourismproducepositiveeffectsoneconomicgrowthandweshouldtryourbesttopromotetourism.Butwhatthesepeoplefailtoseeisthattourismmaybringaboutadisastrousimpactonourenvironment.Asforme,I'mfirmlyconvincedthattoomuchtouristsbringharmtotheenvironment.
Thebadimpactoftourismontheenvironmenthasmainlyexpresseditselfinvariousways.Onewayistheprocessofexploitinganewscenicspot.Inordertoattracttourists,alotofartificialfacilitieshavebeenbuilt,whichhavecertainunfavorableeffectsontheenvironment.Thisprocessusuallybreakstheecologicalbalanceofthearea.Insomemountainousplaces,treesarebeingcutdowntobuildhotelsforotherstoseeandexplorethebeautyofthemountains.Thenlandslidesandmud-rockflowscomeup.Anotherwaythedevelopmentoftourismhasdamagedtheenvironmentoccurswhentouristsgotoscenicspots.Sometouristsdon'thavetheawarenesstoprotecttheenvironment,andignorantlythrowtheirgarbagehereandthere.Somepeopleevenkillthelocalwildlifetoeat,whichbadlydamagesthebalanceofthenaturalenvironment.
Inaword,thetourismwillbringharmtotheenvironment.
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