英语被动语态用法总结(完整)
一、单项选择被动语态
1.Louis Cha (金庸) passed away. As for his achievement, there is such a comment, “He ______ the Nobel Prize for Literature with his written works translated into English.”
A.could have been rewarded B.must have been rewarded
C.should be rewarded D.need have been rewarded
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词+have done用法。句意:金庸去世了,至于他的成就,有这样的评论:他本能获得诺贝尔文学奖用他的被翻译成了英语的著作。A. could have been rewarded本可以被授予;B. must have been rewarded一定被授予;C. should be rewarded应该被授予;D. need have been rewarded本必要被授予。根据语境,A选项正确。
【点睛】
could have done可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。用于肯定句既可以表示过去能够做而实际未做,有惋惜、遗憾或委婉批评之意,通常译为“本来可以”“本来能”,也可以表示对过去动作的推测,常可译为“可能(已经)”。本句表达金庸本能获得诺贝尔文学奖,但却没有获得的惋惜。故A选项正确。
2.If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river so seriously now.
A.is not polluted B.would not be polluted
C.had not been polluted D.would not have been polluted
【答案】B
【解析】
选B 句意:如果我们早采取有力措施,现在河水就不会污染这么严重。主句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,用would加动词原形。
3.—Are we about to have dinner?
—Yes,it ________ in the dining room.
A.serves B.is serving
C.is being served D.has been serving
【答案】C
【解析】
考查时态。因serve与it(dinner)是动宾关系,要用被动语态;由问句中的are about to(即将) have dinner和答语Yes可知,已“在”供应dinner了,故用现在进行时的被动语态。故选C。
4.Quantities of soil ________ in the area, resulting in the increasing number of natural disasters.
A.is washed away B.have washed away
C.have washed away D.have been washed away
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在这个地区大量的土壤被冲走了,结果导致自然灾害数量增加。句中soil和wash away是被动关系,此处指土壤已经被冲走并对现在造成影响,故要用现在完成时,要用现在完成时的被动语态,故选D。
5.Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.
A.will take B.will be taken C.have taken D.have been taken
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:请在星期一穿上你最好的衣服,因为那时你们班将拍照。根据语境可知,动作发生在将来,并且是被动,故用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选B。
6.103.When you visit our town next August, a modern sports center ________, for the National Games are to be held then.
A.will be constructing B.will have been constructed
C.has been constructing D.is being constructed
【答案】B
【解析】考查将来完成时态的被动语态。句意:明年八月当你访问我们城镇的时候,一个现代化的体育中心将已经被建成,因为那时全国运动会将被举行。根据时间状语next August,排除C,D两项,再根据a modern sports center和construct是被动关系,排除A项,用将来完成时态的被动语态。故选B项。
7.—I wonder why Robert hasn’t shown up at the interview yet. It’s a pity if he missed
—I’m not sure, but he _______ in a traffic jam riding here.
A.could stuck B.should stuck
C.must have stuck D.might have been stuck
【答案】D
【解析】
考查含情态动词的被动语态。上句:我想知道为什么罗伯特面试还没有出现。如果他错过了很可惜。下句:我不确定,但是他可能被困于交通堵塞。此处表示对过去已经发生事情的推测应该用情态动词的完成式,根据句意可知是被动,故答案为D。
8.-Mike, did you see Mr. Chapman in the office just now?
-Yes, he ________, and he looked a little bit nervous.
A.had interviewed B.was interviewed
C.was being interviewed D.is being interviewing
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:——迈克,你刚才看到Mr. Chapman在办公室吗?——是的,他正在接受采访,他看起来有点紧张。表示刚才正在进行的动作用过去进行时,句中he和动词interview是被动关系,所以此处用过去进行时的被动,故选C。
9.The headmaster in our school hopes that we will be more ambitious when we graduate than when we ________ admitted.
A.will get B.get
C.got D.have got
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查语态。句意:我们校长希望我们在毕业的时候比入学的时候更有雄心壮志。从句中主语we和动词admit是被动关系,入学发生在过去,此处用一般过去时的被动语态;got在此相当于were,故选C。
10.It was the natural disaster, rather than human errors, that ________ for the death of so many innocent people.
A.are blamed blame
B.was to blame C.was blamed D.were to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查主谓一致以及be to blame的用法。句意:是自然灾害,而不是人为错误,应对这么多无辜人类的死亡负责。be to blame for…表示“应受责备,应对……负责”时,
固定短语,因此排除A、C项;这里强调主语the natural disaster,是一个强调句,谓语动词应与主语保持一致,即与the natural disaster保持一致,因此用was to blame,故选B项。
11.Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _______ properly in this hospital.
A.can be the patients treated
B.the patients can be treated
C.can the patients be treated
D.treated can be the patients
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析:考查部分倒装。句意为:只有增加50%的医生,这个医院的病人才能得到恰当的医治。“only+状语”放于句首时句子须用部分倒装,故选C项。
考点 : 考查部分倒装
12.8 students and 2 teachers at Santa Fe High School by a 17-year-student armed with a shotgun and a pistol. This is one of the many gun-related
tragedies that have happened in the last 2 years.
A.killed B.were killed
C.have killed D.have been killed
【答案】B
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:在圣塔菲高中,一名17岁的学生手持猎枪和一把手枪,在圣塔菲高中杀害了8名学生和2名教师。8 students and 2 teachers是句子主语,复数形式,和kill之间是被动关系,再根据in the last 2 years.可知这是最近两年发生的与枪有关的事故之一,可知这是在讲过去的事情,所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态,故答案为B。
13.—Have you heard of yesterday's gas explosion?
—Yes. Only two of the 35 miners at the scene ________ to have made it out safely.
A.have thought B.are thought
C.had thought D.were thought
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态语态。句意:——你听说昨天的瓦斯爆炸了吗?——是的,在现场的35名矿工中,只有两名被认为安全获救。此处指现在只有2个人被认为安全获救,用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B.
14.—The window is dirty.
—I know. It ________ for weeks.
A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clean
C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
本题考查时态和语态。解题步骤:1. 确定时态:这里表达过去没有擦窗户的事情对现在的影响就是窗户很脏,现在完成时可以表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,也可以表示过去发生的事情持续到现在。2. 确定语态:主语it与谓语clean为被动关系。句意:—窗户很脏。—我知道,这些窗户已经很几个星期没有被擦了。故选D。
15.The officer commanded that everyone passing by ______ that day.
A.search B.would be searched
C.be searched D.must be searched
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:军官命令那天经过的人都被搜查。command后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,(should)+动词原形,此处everyone和search之间是被动关系,故答案为C。
16.Beijing's new international airport ________ into use in September, 2019, according to the spokesperson.
A.was put B.will put
C.has put D.will be put
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态和语态。句意:按照发言人所说,北京的新国际机场将在2019
年投入使用。根据句意可知,用一般将来时态的被动语态。故选D。
考点:考查时态和语态
17.I saw Jack in the lift this morning. He around here for a long time.
A.won't be seen B.wasn't seen
C.hasn't been seen D.hadn't been seen
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:今天早上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这附近露面了。根据this morning可知这是过去的事情;再根据for a long time可知此空是更靠前的动作,且句子主语He和see之间是一种被动关系,所以用过去完成时态,故选D。
18.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ______ the cloth ______ well.
A.have told;washes B.have been told;washes
C.was told;washed D.have been told;is washed
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查语态时态。句意:因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗,于是我想去买这种布。第一空中使用现在完成时表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响,且I与tell是被动关系,所以使用现在完成时的被动形式。第二空中动词wash与副词well连用,用主动形式表示被动含义。故B项正确。
【点睛】
小题2中考查了主动表示被动的用法,涉及“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词使用主动表示被动的用法。具体用法如下:
1)系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 良药苦口。
2)一些与can't(不能)或won't(不会)连用的动词。常用的有: lock(锁住), shut(关上) ,
open(打开,营业), close(关门), cut(切割), weigh(重), act(上演),例如:
The door won't open. 这门打不开。 It can't move. 它不能动。
This shop opens much earlier than it used to. Each stone weighs 2 tons.
3)一些与well(很), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用的动词,如: sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, wash, write, last, read, wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构,常表示事物内部特有的属性。例如:
The book sells well. 这种书很畅销。
These clothes wash well. 这些衣服很耐洗。
4) 用在“主语+不及物动词+主语补语”句型中的一些不及物动词,
例如:This material has worn thin. 这料子已磨薄了。
The dust has blown into the house. 灰尘被风吹进了房子。
This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long.
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly.
Written in simple English, this article reads easily.
5) 某些不及物动词,如happen, occur, cost以及短语,如come out(出版), come up(出现), come into being(产生) come to one’s mind(想起), turn out(证明是), come about(发生), break out(爆发), belong to(属于)等,本身表被动含义,所以它们常用主动形式。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
Suddenly an idea came to his mind. It never occurred to me to phone you.
19. in a red dress, she was easy to in the big crowd at the airport.
A.Being dressed; pick out B.Dressed; pick out
C.Dressed; be picked out D.Having dressed; pick out
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去分词和动词短语。句意:因为她穿着红色的裙子,所以在机场的人群中很容易被认出来。be dressed in穿着……,作状语表状态,故用dressed。sb be easy to do sth主动形式表达被动意思,所以用pick out。故B选项正确。
【点睛】
主动形式表被动意义的不定式
1.主语+be +adj. +to do。
能用于此句型的形容词有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲劳的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.注意:当上述形容词在句中作宾语补足语,后接不定式时,不定式也用主动形式表达被动含义。
2.主语+be +adj. + enough +to do。
3.主语+be +too +adj. +to do。
4.不定式短语作后置定语时,如果主语是不定式动词短语的逻辑主语。则采用不定式的主动形式表被动概念。
I have a meeting to attend today.
5.There be 句型中,用来修饰主语的不定式多用主动。
6.在“疑问代词 + 不定式”结构中。
7.let, to blame, to seek等用不定主动形式表示被动含义。
8. with+O.+to do 结构中,不定式作宾补时,常用主动表被动,且表将要发生的动作。
分析句子可知,sb be easy to do sth主动形式表达被动含义,符合第一点用法。所以用pick out。故B选项正确
20.An exhibition with 885 cultural relics to be displayed ________ at the Meridian Gate Gallery.
A.was held B.would hold C.has hold D.will be held
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
考查时态语态。
【详解】
句意:午门画廊将展出885件文物。上文中的to be displayed表将来,故本句为一般将来时。且主语An exhibition与谓语动词hold构成被动关系,故用will be held。故选D。
21.Don’t worry. The hard work that you do now _____ later in life.
A.will be repaid B.was being repaid
C.has been repaid D.was repaid
【答案】A
【解析】
试题解析:考查时态辨析。根据句子末尾出现的时间状语later in life意为在以后的生活中,可以判断为将来时态,此处要注意的是不要被前文的now混淆,that you do now在句中充当the hard work的定语成分,与句子时态无关。故此处为将来时态。句意:不要担心,你现在付出的努力在以后一定会有所回报。故选A。
考点:考查时态辨析。
22.(天津)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A.regard B.is regarded
C.are regarded D.regards
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意:现在骑自行车,慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。根据动词短语regard…as…“把……看作……”和句意确定应该用被动语态,排除A和D。再根据主语部分是由介词短语along with 连接的三个动名词做主语,应该谓语动词应该就前一致,即用单数,排除C,故选B。
【点睛】
本题考查方向涉及到动词的语态和主谓一致,首先要把握句意,判断主谓之间是主动还是被动关系,再者就是考查学生的考虑是否全面,即加之判断谓语动词的单复数,考查了学生对主谓一致中就前一致的把握。
23.—Do you like the mobile game Traveling Frog?
—Yes, the posts about the virtual green frog ________ over 4 million times.
A.have read B.have been read
C.would be read D.are reading
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态和语态。句意:——你喜欢手机游戏旅行青蛙吗?——是的,关于虚拟绿蛙的帖子已经被阅读了400多万次。The posts和read是被动关系,用被动语态,“已经被阅读过了”用完成时态,故选B。
24.A number of foreigners______ to watch the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC on Oct.1\".
A.Attracted B.have attracted
C.was attracted D.were attracted
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意:10月1日,一些外国人被吸引来观看中华人民共和国成立70周年纪念活动。分析句子可知,attract是谓语动词,由时间状语on Oct.1可知,用一般过去时,主语foreigners与attract是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,且主语foreigners是复数,故选D。
25.As is expected, it will be not long before our domestically built aircraft Carriers _____ into operation.
A.will be put B.are put
C.will have been put D.have been put
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意: 按照预计,在不久的将来,我们国内制造的航母就会投入使用。时间状语从句中使用主将从现,如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。before是从句要用一般现在时。投入和主语是被动关系。故选B。
26.I saw Jack in the lift this morning. He around here for a long time.
A.won't be seen B.wasn't seen
C.hasn't been seen D.hadn't been seen
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意:今天早上我在电梯里看见杰克。他好久没在这
附近露面了。根据this morning可知,这是过去的事情;再根据for a long time可知,此空是更靠前的动作,且句子主语He和see之间是一种被动关系,所以用过去完成时态,故选D。
27.I want to buy that kind of cloth because I_____the cloth_____well.
A.have told;washed B.have been told;washes
C.have been told;washed D.was told;washes
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查时态及语态句意:我想买这种布,因为我已经被告知这种布料很好洗。“我”和“告诉”是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,强调对现在的影响,所以需用完成时态的被动语态;一些动词wash,lock,sell,wear,read,open,shut,clean等,如果主语如果是物,且表示主语的特性或品质时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。the cloth washes well是指“这种布料很好洗”就是说明这种布料的特征的,应使用一般现在时。故选B。
28.–The pine tree in front of the lecture hall is so tall.
–Yes. It ______ nearly 20 metres.
A.measures measuring
B.is measured C.will measure D.is
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查动词时态及语态。句意:——演讲厅前面的松树好高啊。——是的。它近20米。measure此处意为“测量,量起来……”,为不及物动词,后接量的结果,不用于被动语态或进行时态。此处为描述客观事实用一般现在时,且主语为it,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
29.Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they_____ before leaving their hometowns.
A.promised B.were promised
C.have promised D.have been promised
【答案】D
【解析】
句意为:每年大量农民工涌入深圳,去寻找他们离乡前别人给他们许诺的挣钱的工
作。此处农民工是“被许诺工作”,需用被动语态,故排除A和C两项;B项仅表一般过去时的被动;D项表示“已经被许诺”,故选D。
30.No decision __A_ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed.
A.will be made B.is made
C.is being made D.has been made
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析:考查时态,主语是decision和动词make是动宾关系,所以用被动式,因为后面的句子about any future appointment可以知道动作未发生,所以用将来时,句子意思“关于未来会议没有做出任何决定直到所有的报考者已经被采访”,所以选A
考点:考查时态
点评:做时态题时,首先看时间状语,由时间状语来确定句子的时态;如果没有时间状语,可以根据隐含的意思来确定句子时态。
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