随着国际化石能源的日益枯竭

摘 要随着国际化石能源的日益枯竭节能减排、保护环境的呼声日益高涨国际社会普遍开始重视生物质能各国纷纷采取有效措施鼓励生物质能产业的发展生物质能的有效开发和利用已成为国际能源领域投资发展的焦点之一。生物质沼气热电联供可给用户提供电力、采暖卫生热水和制冷将一次能源“梯级利用”和“吃光用尽”因此可以大幅度的提高能源利用率。这些分布式能源系统可以就近建设省却了大规模线路建设减小了输配电损失。因此生物质沼气发电工程得到了各国政府的大力支持。 基于“温度对口能量梯级利用”的原则本文设计了新型的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统其中包括三级恒温沼气生产子系统、沼气净化子系统、内燃机发电机组子系统、双效溴化锂吸收式热泵机组子系统和内燃机发电机组余热利用子系统。从热力学第一定律和第二定律两个层面初步揭示了新系统中的能量转换过程并分析研究了新系统的总体性能获得如下结论 1分析结果表明新系统具有优良的热力特性。新系统能量利用率达到85.67系统火用效率为47.39均已达到较高的性能指标。 2在新型的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统中遵循了能的梯级利用原理难以利用的低品位废热的再利用内燃机发电机组余热为生物质的高效厌氧发酵提供稳定的运行环境。 3 生物质能利用转化有多种本文基于层次分析法建立了生物质能利用技术的集总加权评价模型对本系统进行了评价。通过对本系统采用动态经济性分析方法得出本装置的财务净现值10iNPV为82.3万元内部收益率FIRR为28.9益本比为2.5投资回收期为2.8年。结果表明本系统的推广具有良好的财务和国民经济效益具有很好的发展前景。 在文章的最后一部分笔者展望了三级恒温沼气热电联供系统的未来并提出五点可行性建议希望这些建议能够被该领域学者以及政府相关部门参考并采纳从而促进我国沼气发电事业快速发展以及系统相关技术达到国际先进水平。另外本课题设计出的三级恒温沼气热电联供系统对沼气热电联供系统的发展有一定的借鉴作用。 关键词节能减排沼气发电温度对口能量梯级利用 Abstract With the fluctuations in international oil prices energy-saving emission reduction environmental protection increasing the voice of the international community in general is beginning to take biogas countries have to take effective measures to encourage the development of biogas energy industry biogas

energy development and the effective International Energy use is increasingly becoming the focus of investment in the development of the field. However biogas power generation of cool heat and electricity can save the energy extremely by synthesis

providing these energies to user. The advantage of small cogeneration is fossil fuel can be used in grades and be used up. The benefit of small generation comes from invest saving of electricity line construction and declining the loss of electricity transport as they can be constructed near the user. Therefore biogas power generation gets a lot of countries

support strongly. An energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas is establishing depending on a principle of “parallel temperature and gradient energy

utilization” disclosuring energy transformation.The research contents and achievements as follow: 1 Energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas has high thermodynamic property.The system has high efficiency of energy and exergy utilization. The energy utilization efficiency is 85.67 and exergy utilization efficiency is 47.39 the new system not only had high energy utilization efficiency but also had improved the exergy utilization efficiency. So on this point of view the system of basing on

three-staged thermostatic biogas is feasible. 2 The new Energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogasexhaust-heat of internal combustion engine generator set

offer a steady environment for the biomass anaerobic digestion efficientwhich making the low gradeunsteady bioenergy transit to the high grade methane chemical energy successfully. From the energy-utilization’s point of view it shows the Integrated

Cascaded Utilization of Chemical and Physical Energy Principle sufficiently. 3 Using the method of dynamic economic to appraise the entire system.The results showed that the net present value is 823 million yuanthe financial internal ratio of return is 28.9the benefit-cost ratio is 2.5the time of capital return is 2.8 year.The promotion of this set of devices can generate good value for money and national economicbenefitwith good good prospect of application and extension. In the last section we make the expectation of the development of the energy supply by three classes constant temperature biogas systems and put forward five feasible advices for other scholars in this area and lawmakers. To keep pace with the developed countries we should accelerate development of the energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas industry and relevant

equipments to make our country enter into the biogas power generation system era as soon as possible.On the other hand the energy supply system basing on three-staged thermostatic biogas has the effect of the biogas power generation system era. Key words: Energy-saving emission reduction Biogas power generation Parallel temperature Gradient utilization