2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayexplainingwhyitisunwisetojudgeapersonbytheirappearance.Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce,Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1．A．Theymightbefakeproducts．B．Theymightbestolengoods．C．Theymightbefaultyproducts．D．Theymightbesmuggledgoods．2．A．Theyarenewsreporters．B．Theyarejobapplicants．C．Theyarecivilservants．D．Theyarepublicspeakers．3．A．Themanwenttochangethetimeofhiscomputerclass．B．Acomputerdegreeisamustforadministrativework．C．Thewomanwantstogetadegreeinadministration．D．Themanhasdecidedtoquithiscomputerclass．4．A．Itwassponsoredbyacarmanufacturer．B．Itwasnotasexcitingashehadexpected．C．Thefifthcontestantwonthebiggestprize．D．Alotofcontestantsparticipatedintheshow．5．A．Readinganewspapercolumn．B．Waitingforsomeoneattheairport．C．DrivingfromNewYorktoBoston．D．Lookingatarailwaytimetable．6．A．Hewearsacoatboughtinthemall．B．Hegotanewjobatthebarbershop．C．Hehadhishaircutyesterday．D．Hehadafingerhurtlastnight．7．A．Somedrawingsbykindergartenkidsareexcellent．B．Heisnotquiteimpressedwithmodempaintings．C．EvenhisnephewcandrawaswellasPicasso．D．HecannotappreciatethePicassoexhibition．8．A．Hehaslongbeeninvolvedinstudentgovernment．B．Hisattitudetostudentgovernmenthaschanged．C．Hisconductdoesnotsquarewithhiswords．D．Heshouldnotputthecartbeforethehorse．Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．9．A．Somethingwentwrongwithhercar．B．SheleftherownearinManchester．C．Hercarwon'tbebackinaweek'stime．D．SheWantstogotravelingontheweekend．10．A．Safety．B．Comfort．C．Cost．D．Size．11．A．Value-addedtax．B．Third-partyinsurance．C．Petrol．D．CDW．Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．12．A．Howtoattractinvestments．B．Wheretolocatetheirplant．C．Whattodotoenhancetheirposition．D．Howtoupdatethebasicfacilities．13．A．Theirbasicfacilitiesaregood．B．Theyareveryclosetoeachother．C．TheyarealllocatedinthesouthofFrance．D．TheirroadlinktootherEuropeancountriesisfast．14．A．Conductfieldsurveysfirst．B．Takeadvantageofthetrainlinks．C．Talkwiththelocalauthorities．D．Trytoavoidmakingahastydecision．15．A．Futureproductdistributions．B．Roadandraillinksforsmalltowns．C．Localemploymentpolicies．D．Skilledworkforceinthehillyregion．SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages．Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions．Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce．Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourChoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）．ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedOnthepassageyouhavejustheard．16．A．Onefifthofthemwereonbedtermswiththeirsistersandbrothers．B．Morethanhalfofthemwereinvolvedininheritancedisputes．C．Aboutoneeighthofthemadmittedtolingeringbitterfeelings．D．Mostofthemhadbrokenwiththeirsistersandbrothers．17．A．Advanceinage．B．Freedomfromwork．C．Lessconcernwithmoneymatters．D．Moreexperienceinworldlyaffairs．18．A．Theyaremoretolerantofoneanother．B．Theyfindcloserelativesmorereliable．C．Theyhavelittletimelefttorenewcontactwiththeirbrothersandsisters．D．Theytendtoforgetpastunhappymemoriesandfocusontheirpresentneeds．PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．19．A．TheycanonlysurviveinpartsoftheAmericas．B．Theyhavebrightcolorsandintricatepatterns．C．Theyaretheonlyinsectthatmigratesalongfixedroutes．D．Theyhavestrongwingscapableofflyinglongdistances．20．A．InaMichiganmountainforest．B．InaLouisianamountainforest．C．InaMexicanmountainforest．D．InaKentuckymountainforest．21．A．Onlythestrongestcanreachtheirdestinationtolayeggs．B．EachgenerationinacyclelayseggsatadifferentplaceC．Theystarttolayeggswhentheyareninemonthsold．D．Eachflockofbutterflieslayseggsinthesamestates．22．A．Environmentalimpactsonmonarchbutterflylife．B．Migrationpatternsofmonarchbutterflies．C．Livinghabitsofmonarchbutterflies．D．Evolutionofmonarchbutterflies．PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．23．A．Timeisrelative．B．Timeismoney．C．Timehasbecomemoreprecious．D．Timehasbecomemorelimited．24．A．MoreandmoreAmericansfeelpressedfortimenowadays．B．ThenumberofhoursAmericansworkhasincreasedsteadily．C．Americanstodayhavemorefreetimethanearliergenerations．D．Americansnowattachmoreimportanttotheeffectiveuseoftime．25．A．Ourinterpersonalrelationshipsimprove．B．Ourlivinghabitsarealtered．C．Ourworkefficiencyincreasesgreatly．D．Ourbehaviorischanged．SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassage．threetimes．Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea．Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard．Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。ThefirstcopyrightlawintheUnitedStateswaspassedbyCongressin1790．In1976Congressenactedthelatestcopyrightlaw,(26)thetechnologicaldevelopmentsthathadoccurredSincethepassageoftheCopyrightActof1909．Forexample,in1909,anyonewhowantedtomakeasinglecopyofa(27)workforpersonalusehadtodosobyhand．Theveryprocess(28)alimitationonthequantityofmaterialscopied．Today,aphotocopiercandotheworkinseconds;thelimitationhasdisappeared．The1909lawdidnotprovidefullprotectionforfilmsandsoundrecordings,nordidit(29)theneedtoprotectradioandtelevision．Asaresult,(30)ofthelawandabusesoftheintentofthelawhavelessenedthe(31)rewardsofauthors,artistsandproducers．The1976CopyrightActhasnotpreventedtheseabusesfully,butithasclarifiedthelegalrightsoftheinjuredpartiesandgiventheman(32)forremedy．Since1976theActhasbeen(33)toincludecomputersoftware,andguidelineshavebeenadoptedforfairuseoftelevisionbroadcasts．Thesechangeshaveclearedupmuchoftheconfusionandconflictthatfollowed(34)the1976legislation．Thefinepointsofthelawaredecidedbythecourtsandbyacceptablecommonpracticeovertime．Asthesedecisionsandagreementsaremade,wemodifyourbehavioraccordingly．Fornow,weneedto(35)thelawanditsguidelinesasaccuratelyaswecanandtoactinafairmanner．PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes．SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks．Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage．Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices．Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter．PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre．Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage．Fearcanbeaneffectivewaytochangebehavior．Onestudycomparedtheeffectsofhigh,fearandlow-fearappealsonchangesinattitudesandbehaviorsrelatedtothedentalhygiene(卫生)．Onegroupofsubjectswasshownawfulpicturesof(36)teethanddiseasedgums；anothergroupwasshownlessfrighteningmaterialssuchasplasticteeth，charts，andgraphs．Subjectswhosawthefrighteningmaterialsreportedmoreanxietyandagreater(37)tochangethewaytheytookcareoftheirteeththanthelow-feargroupdid．Butwerethesereactionsactually(38)intobetterdentalhygienepractices?Toanswerthisimportantquestion，subjectswerecalledbacktothelaboratoryontwo(39)(fivedaysandsixweeksaftertheexperiment．．Theycheweddisclosingwafers(牙疾诊断片)thatgivearedstaintoanyuncleanedareasoftheteethandthusprovidedadirect(40)ofhowwelltheywerereallytakingcareoftheirteeth．Theresultshowedthatthehigh．fearappealdidactuallyresultingreaterandmore(41)changesindentalhygiene．Thatis，thesubjects(42)tohigh-fearwarningsbrushedtheirteethmore(43)thandidthosewhosawlow-fearwarnings．However,tobealleffectivepersuasivedeviceitisveryimportantthatthemessagenotbetoofrighteningandthatpeoplebegiven(44)guidelinestohelpthemtoreducethecauseofthefear．Ifthisisn’tdone，theymayreducetheiranxietybydenyingthemessageorthe(45)ofthecommunicator．Ifthathappens，itisunlikelythateitherattitudeorbehaviorchangewilloccur．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A．accustomedB．carefullyC．cautiouslyD．concreteE．credibilityF．decayedG．desireH．dimensionsI．eligibleJ．exposedK．indicationL．occasionsM．permanentN．sensitivityO．translatedSectionBDirections：Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit．Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs．Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived．Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce．EachparagraphismarkedwithaletterAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2．TheStreet-LevelSolutionA．Whenlwasgrowingup，oneofmyfather’sfavoritesayings(borrowedfromthehumoristWillRogers)was：“Itisn’twhatwedon’tknowthatcausesthetrouble；it’swhatwethinkweknowthatjustain’tso．”Oneofthemaininsightstobetakenfromthe100，000HomesCampaignanditsstrategytoendchronichomelessnessisthat,untilrecently,oursocietythoughtitunderstoodthenatureofhomelessness，butitdidn’t．B．Thatledtoaseriesofmistakenassumptionsaboutwhypeoplebecomehomelessandwhattheyneed．Manyoftheerrorsinourhomelessnesspolicieshavestemmedfromtheconceptionthatthehomelessareahomogeneousgroup．It’sonlyinthepast1．5yearsthatorganizationslikeCommonGround，andothers．havetakenastreet-levelviewoftheproblem—distinguishingthe\"episodicallyhomeless”fromthe“chronicallyhomeless”inordertounderstandtheirneedsatanindividuallevel．Thisiswhywecannowenvisageadifferentapproach——andgetbetterresults．C．Mostreadersexpressedsupportfortheeffort，althoughanumberwereskeptical，andafewutterlydismissive．aboutthechancesoflong．termhomelesspeopleadaptingwelltohousing．Thisistobeexpected；it’shardtoimaginewhatwehaven’tyetseen．AsNiccoloMachiavelliwroteinThePrince．oneofthemajorobstaclesinanyefforttoadvancesystemicchangeisthe“incredulityofmen．”whichistosaythatpeople“donotreadilybelieveinnewthingsuntiltheyhavehadalongexperienceofthem．”Mostofushavewitnessedhomelesspeopleonthestreetsfordecades．Fewhaveseenformerlyhomelesspeopleaftertheyhavebeenhousedsuccessfully．Wedon’thavereferencepointsforthatstory．Sowegeneralizefromwhatweknow--orthink．weknow．D．Butthatcanbemisleading，eventoexperts．WhenIaskedRosanneHaggerty,founderofCommonGround，whichcurrentlyoperates2，310unitsofsupportivehousing(with552moreunderconstruction),whathadbeenherbiggestsurpriseinthiswork,shereplied：“Fifteenyearsago,Iwouldnothavebelievedthatpeoplewhohadbeensobrokenandstuckinhomelessnesscouldthrivetothedegreethattheydoinourbuildings．\"AndBeckyKanis,thecampaign'sdirector,commented:\"Thereisthissenseinourmindsthatsomeonewho'sonthestreetsisalmostintheirDNAdifferentfromsomeonewhohasahouse．Thecampaigniscreatingafirst-handexperienceformanypeoplethatthatisreallynotthecase．\"E．OneofthestartlingrealizationsthatIhadwhileresearchingthiscolumnisthatanybodycouldbecomelikeahomelessperson--allittakesisatraumatic(创伤的)braininjury．Abicyclefall,acaraccident,aslipontheice,orifyou'reasoldier,aheadwound--andyourlifecouldbecomeunrecognizable．JamesO'Connell,adoctorwhohasbeentreatingthemostvulnerablehomelesspeopleonthestreetsofBostonfor25years,estimatesthat40percentofthelong-termhomelesspeoplehe'smethadsuchabraininjury．\"Formanyitwasaheadinjurypriortothetimetheybecamehomeless,\"hesaid．\"Theybecameunpredictable．They'dhavemoodswings,fitsofexplosivebehavior．Theycouldn'tholdontotheirjobs．Drinkingmadethemfeelbetter．They'denduponthestreets．\"F．Oncehomelesspeoplereturntohousing,they'reinamuchbetterpositiontorebuildtheirlives．Butit'simportanttonotethathousingaloneisnotenough．Aswithmanycomplexsocialproblems,whenyougetthroughtheinitialcrisis,youhaveanotherproblemtosolvewhichisnolesschallenging．Butitisabetterproblem．G．Overthepastdecade,O'Connellhasseenthishappen．\"Ispendhalfmytimeonthestreetsorinthehospitalandtheotherhalfmakinghousecallstopeoplewholivedforyearsonthestreets,\"hesaid．\"Sofromadoctor'spointofviewit'sadelightfulswitch,butit'snotasifputtingsomeoneinhousingistheanswertoaddressingalloftheirproblems．It'sthefirststep．\"H．Onceinhousing,formerlyhomelesspeoplecanbecomeisolatedandlonely．Ifthey'velivedonthestreetsforyears,theymayhaveacquiredacertainstandingaswellasasenseofprideintheirsurvivalskills．Nowindoors,thoseaspectsoftheiridentitymaybestrippedaway．Manyalsoexperienceaprofounddisorientationattheoutset．\"Ifyou'rehomelessformorethansixmonths,youkindofloseyourbearings,\"saysHaggerty．\"Existencebecomesnotaboutovercominghomelessnessbutaboutfindingfood,begging,lookingforajobtosurviveanotherday．Thewholeprocessofhowyoudefinestabilitygetsreordered．\"I．Manyneedregular,ifnotcontinuous,supportwithmentalhealthproblems,addictionsandillnesses--and,equallyimportant,assistanceintheday-to-daychallengesoflife,reacquaintingwithfamily,buildingrelationshipswithneighbors,findingenjoyableactivitiesorwork,managingfinances,andlearninghowtoeathealthyfood．J．Forsomepeople,thebestsolutionistoliveinacommunal(集体)residence,withspecialsevices．Thisisn'tavailableeverywhere,however．InBoston,forexample,homelesspeopletendtobescatteredinapartmentsthroughoutthecity．K．CommonGround'slargeresidencesinNewYorkofferinsightintothepossibilitiesforchangewhenhomelesspeoplehavearicharrayofsupports．Inadditiontomoretraditionalsocialservices,residentsalsomakeuseofcommunalgardens,classesinthingslikecooking,yoga,theatreandphotography,andjobplacement．Lastyear,188formerlyhomelesstenantsinfourofCommonGround'sresidences,foundjobs．L．Becausethepropertieshavemanyservicesandarewell-managed,Haggertyhasfoundpost-housingproblemstobesurprisinglyrare．Inthepast10years,therehavebeenonlyahandfulofincidentsofquarrelsbetweentenants．Thereisverylittlegraffiti(涂鸦)orvandalism(破坏)Andtheturnoverisalmostnegligible．InthePrinceGeorgeHotelinNewYork,whichishometo208formerlyhomelesspeopleand208low-incometenants,theaveragelengthoftenancyisclosetosevenyears．(Allresidentspay30percentoftheirincomeforrent;fortheformerlyhomeless,thiscomesoutoftheirgovernmentBenefits)．Whenpeoplemoveon,itisusuallybecausethey'vefoundapreferableapartment．M．\"Tenantsalsowanttoparticipateinshapingthepublicareasofthebuildings,\"saidHaggerty．\"Theyformedagardeningcommittee．Theywantaterraceontheroof．ThosearethingsIdidn'tcounton．\"Themostcommontenantdemand?\"Peoplealwayswantmorestoragespace--butthat'strueofeveryNewYorker,\"sheadds．\"Inmanyways,we'realotlikeanormalapartmentbuilding．Ourtenantslooklikeanyoneelse．\"N．AsImentioned,homelessnessisacatch-allforavarietyofproblems．Anumberofreadersaskedwhetherthecampaignwilladdressfamilyhomelessness,whichhasdifferentcausesandrequiresadifferentsolution．I'vebeenfollowingsomeofthepromisingideasemergingtoaddressandpreventfamilyhomelessness．Laterin2011,I'llexploretheseideasinacolumn．Fornow,I'llconcludewithanupdateonthe100,000HomesCampaign．SinceTuesday,NewOrleansandafewothercommunitieshavereportednewresults．Thecurrentcountofpeoplehousedis7,043．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46．TenantsinCommonGround'sresidencesallwantmoreroomforstorage．47．HomesCampaignprovidesfirst-handproofthatthehomelessarenotwhattheywereoncebelievedtobe．48．CommonGround'sresidencesarewell-managedandbyandlargepeaceful．49．Housingthehomelessisonlythefirststeptosolvingalltheirproblems．50．Alargepercentofthechronicallyhomelesshavesufferedfrombraininjury．51．Afterbeinghousedmanyhomelesspeoplebecomeconfusedatfirstastohowtodealwithlifeoffthestreet．52．Somepeoplethinkthebestwaytohelpthehomelessistoprovidethemwithcommunalhousing．53．Thehomelesswithhealthproblemsshouldbegivenregularsupportintheirdailylives．54．UntilrecentlyAmericansocietyhasfailedtoseewhathomelessnessisallabout．55．ManyformerlyhomelesstenantsinNewYork'sCommonGround'sresidencesgothired．SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection．Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements．ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre．PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage．Technologycanmakeussmarterorstupider,andweneedtodevelopasetofprinciplestoguideoureverydaybehaviorandmakesurethattechisimprovingandnothinderingourmentalprocesses．Oneofthebigquestionsbeingdebatedtodayis:Whatkindofinformationdoweneedtohavestoredinourheads,andwhatkindcanweleave\"inthecloud,\"tobeaccessedasnecessary?Anincreasinglypowerfulgroupwithineducationarechampioning\"digitalliteracy\"．Intheirview,skillsbeatknowledge,developing\"digitalliteracy\"ismoreimportantthanlearningmerecontent,andallfactsarenowGoogle-ableandthereforeunworthyofcommittingtomemory．Buteventhemostsophisticateddigitalliteracyskillswon'thelpstudentsandworkersnavigatetheworldiftheydon'thaveabroadbaseofknowledgeabouthowtheworldactuallyoperates．Ifyoufocusonthedeliverymechanismandnotthecontent,you'redoingkidsadisservice．Indeed,evidencefromcognitivesciencechallengesthenotionthatskillscanexistindependentoffactualknowledge．Datafromthelastthirtyyearsleadstoaconclusionthatisnotscientificallychallengeable:thinkingwellrequiresknowingfacts,andthat'struenotonlybecauseyouneedsomethingtothinkabout．Theveryprocessesthatteacherscareaboutmost--criticalthinkingprocesses—areintimatelyinterwined(交织)withfactualknowledgethatisstoredinlong-termmemory．Inotherwords,justbecauseyoucanGooglethedateofBlackTuesdaydoesn'tmeanyouunderstandwhytheGreatDepressionhappenedorhowitcomparestoourrecenteconomicslump．Thereisnodoubtthatthestudentsoftoday,andtheworkersoftomorrow,willneedtoinnovate,collaborateandevaluate．Butsuchskillscan'tbeseparatedfromtheknowledgethatgivesrisetothem．Toinnovate,youhavetoknowwhatcamebefore．Tocollaborate,youhavetocontributeknowledgetothejointventure．Andtoevaluate,youhavetocomparenewinformationagainstknowledgeyou'vealreadymastered．Sohere'saprincipleforthinkinginadigitalworld,intwoparts．First,acquireabaseoffactualknowledgeinanydomaininwhichyouwanttoperformwell．Thisbasesuppliestheessentialfoundationforbuildingskills,anditcan'tbeoutsourced(外包)toasearchengine．Second,takeadvantageofcomputers'invariablememory,butalsothebrain'selaborativememory．Computersaregreatwhenyouwanttostoreinformationthatshouldn'tchange．Butbrainsarethesuperiorchoicewhenyouwantinformationtochange,ininterestingandusefulways:toconnectupwithotherfactsandideas,toacquiresuccessivelayersofmeaning,tosteepforawhileinyouraccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceandsoproducearichermentalbrew．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56．Whatistheauthor'sconcernabouttheuseoftechnology?A．Itmayleaveknowledge\"inthecloud\"．B．Itmaymisguideoureverydaybehavior．C．Itmaycauseadivideinthecirclesofeducation．D．Itmayhinderthedevelopmentofthinkingskills．57．Whatistheviewofeducatorswhoadvocatedigitalliteracy?A．Ithelpskidstonavigatethevirtualworldatwill．B．Ithelpskidstobroadentheirscopeofknowledge．C．Itincreaseskid'sefficiencyofacquiringknowledge．D．Itliberateskidsfromtheburdenofmemorizingfacts．58．Whatdoesevidencefromcognitivescienceshow?A．Knowledgeisbetterkeptinlong-termmemory．B．Criticalthinkingisbasedonfactualknowledge．C．Studyskillsareessentialtoknowledgeacquisition．D．Criticalthinkingmeanschallengingexistingfacts．59．Whatdoestheauthorthinkiskeytomakingevaluations?A．Gatheringenoughevidencebeforedrawingconclusions．B．Masteringthebasicrolesandprinciplesforevaluation．C．Connectingnewinformationwithone'saccumulatedknowledge．D．Understandingbothwhathashappenedandwhyithashappened．60．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Towarnagainstlearningthroughmemorizingfacts．B．Topromoteeducationalreformintheinformationage．C．Toexplainhumanbrains'functioninstoringinformation．D．Tochallengetheprevailingoveremphasisondigitalliteracy．PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage．America'srecenthistoryhasbeenapersistenttilttotheWest--ofpeople,ideas,commerceandevenpoliticalpower．CaliforniaandTexasarethetwinpolesoftheWest,butverydifferentones．Formostofthe20thcenturythehomeofSiliconValleyandHollywoodhasbeenthebrainierandtrendierofthetwo．Texashastrailedbehind:itsstereotypehasbeenaconservativeChristianincowboyboots．Buttwinscanchangeplaces．Isthathappeningnow?ItiseasytofindevidencethatCaliforniaisinapanic．AtthestartofthismonththeoncegoldenstatestartedpayingcreditorsinIOUs(欠条)．Thegapbetweenprojectedoutgoingsandincomeforthecurrentfiscal(财政的)yearhasleapttohorrible$26billion．Withnosignofanewbudgettoclosethisgulf,onecreditagencyhasalreadydowngradedCalifornia'sdebt．Asbudgetsarecut,universitieswillletinfewerstudents,prisonerswillbereleasedearlyandschemestoprotectthevulnerablewillberolledback．Bycontrast,Texashascopedwellwiththerecession,withanunemploymentratetwopointsbelowthenationalaverageandoneofthelowestratesofhousingrepossession．InpartthisisbecauseTexanbanks,hardhitinthelastpropertybust,didnotoverexpandthistime．Texasalsoclearlyoffersadifferentmodel,basedonsmallgovernment．Ithasnostatecapital-gainsorincometax,andabusiness-friendlyandimmigrant-tolerantattitude．ItishometomoreFortune500companiesthananyotherstate．Despiteallthis,itstillseemstooearlytohandoverAmerica'sfuturetoTexas．Tobeginwith,thatleanTexanmodelhasitsownproblems．Ithasnotinvestedenoughineducation,andmanyexpertsrightlyworryabouta\"lostgeneration\"ofmostlyHispanicTexanswithinsufficientskillsforthedemandsoftheknowledgeeconomy．Second,ithasneverpaidtobetagainstastatewithasmanyinventivepeopleasCalifornia．EvenifHollywoodhasgoneintodepression,itstillboastsanunequalledarrayofsunriseindustriesandthemostbriskventure-capitalindustryontheplanet．Thestatealsohasanawesomeabilitytoreinventitself--asitdidwhenitsdefenceindustrycollapsedattheendofthecoldwar．Thetruthisthatbothstatescouldlearnfromeachother．TexasstilllacksCalifornia'sgreatuniversitiesandlagsintermsofculture．CaliforniacouldadoptnotjustTexas'sleanerstate,butalsoitsmorebipartisan(两党的)approachtopolitics．Thereisnoperfectmodelofgovernment:itisAmerica'sgeniustohave50public-policylaboratoriescompetingtofindoutwhatworksbest．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCaliforniaandTexasinParagraph1?A．Theyhavebeencompetingfortheleadingposition．B．CaliforniahasbeensuperiortoTexasinmanyways．C．Theyarebothmodelsofdevelopmentforotherstates．D．Texas'scowboycultureislessknownthanCalifornia's．62．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday'sCalifornia?A．Itsdebtsarepushingitintobankruptcy．B．Itsbudgetshavebeencutby$26billion．C．Itisfacedwithaseriousfinancialcrisis．D．Itistryinghardtoprotectthevulnerable．63．InwhatwayisTexasdifferentfromCalifornia?A．Itpracticessmallgovernment．B．Itishometotraditionalindustries．C．IthasalargeHispanicpopulation．D．Ithasanenviablewelfaresystem．64．WhatproblemisTexasconfrontedwith?A．ItsHispanicpopulationismostlyilliterate．B．Itssunriseindustriesareshrinkingrapidly．C．Itseducationcannotmeettheneedsoftheknowledgeeconomy．D．Itsimmigrantshaveahardtimeadaptingtoitscowboyculture．65．WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanpoliticsfromthepassage?A．Eachstatehasitsownwayofgoverning．B．Moststatesfavorabipartisanapproach．C．Partiescollaborateindrawingpublicpolicies．D．Allstatesbelieveingovernmentforthepeople．PartⅣTranslation(30minutes．Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish．YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2．answeron中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪和大妈都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人，也就是说，土豪有钱，但是没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(Oxford)英语词典，至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。2014年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)解析PartIWriting写作导航范文与译文提分增彩词汇1．acknowledgedadj．普遍认可的2．getonwith．．．与……相处3．beneficialadj．有益的4．revealv．揭示5．charactersn．品质6．outsiden．外表7．undoubtedlyadv．肯定8．competentadj．有才能的9．plasticsurgery整容手术10．complexadj．复杂的PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionA1．M:LookattheselowpricesatthesefashionableTVsets．Somethingisfishy,don'tyouthinkso?W:Well,therehavebeenalotofrobberiesrecently．Someofthestolengoodsmayhavelandedhere．Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyaboutthelowpricetelevisionsets?2．M:I'vebeenassignedtocoverthegovernessspeechtoday．Whataboutyou?W:Nothingisgrandasyours．Ihavetodoaninterviewfortheeveningnewsaboutamanwithdozensofcats．Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakers?3．W:Didn'tIseeyougoingintotheadministrationbuildingthisafternoon?M:Ineededtoswitchmycomputerclasstothe9:50section．Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?4．W:Iguessyouwatchthequizshowontelevisionlastnight．Whatdidyouthinkaboutit?M:Well,it'sgreat．Thefirstfourcontestantswononlysmallprizes,butthefifthleftwithanewluxurycar．Q:Whatdoesthemansayaboutthequizshow?5．W:Ican'tfindthearrivaltimeoftheNewYorktoBostonExpressonthisschedule．M:LookforNewYorkintheleft-handcolumnandfollowitacrossuntilyoufindthehourlistedintheBostoncolumn．Q:Whatarethespeakersmostprobablydoing?6．W:Youlookdifferenttoday,butIcan'tquiteputmyfingeronwhatitis．M:Oh．yesterdayIfinallygotaroundtothatnewbarbershopinthemallandenjoyedtheirservices．Q:Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?7．W:WhatdoyouthinkPicasso'spaintingexhibitedinthecitymuseum?M:PersonallyIcan'tquiteseethemeaninginhismodernworks．Mostofthemremindmeofthestuffmynephewbringshomefromthekindergarten．Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?8．W:Rodsaidhewantedtogetinvolvedinstudentgovernmentthisyear．M:Buthehasn'tgonethroughasinglemeeting,hashe?Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutRod?ConversationOneM:Goodmorning!Madam．CanIhelpyou?W:Oh,Idohopeso．91havetogettoManchestertodayandmyowncarhasbrokendown．Doyoubyanychancehaveacaravailable?M:Forhowmanydays?Madam．W:Three,justuntiltheweekend．M:Andwhatsortofcardidyouhaveinmind?W:Well．10Thatdependsalittlebitontheprice．ButInormallydriveaChevrolet．Doyouhaveanythinglikethat?M:Yes,Certainly．That'sgroupCwhichincludesChevroletandsea-arrows．W:Howmucharethey?M:Well,forthreedays,youwouldhavetohaveitundertheunlimitedmileageconditions,whichwillworkoutcheaperforManchesteranyway．Let'ssee,GroupC,threetofivedayshirewithunlimitedmileageis53poundsperday．W:Isee．Doesthatincludeeverything?M:11Itincludesthirdparty,insurance,butitdoesnotincludevalue-addedtax,patrolorCDW．W:What'sthat?M:CDW?Oh,that'sthecoverincaseyoudamagethehirecar．Thirdpartyinsuranceonlycoversyoufordamagetwoanothervehicle．ForGroupCcarsis6poundsperday．W:OK．IthinkI'llhavetheChevrolet．M:Allright．CouldIhaveyourdrivinglicenseplease?W:Certainly．Hereweare．M:So,it'sMs．JB．couty．W:Yes．That'sfight．M:Andthenumberis509024bc9cs,expiringthe1st,July,2015．Andyouwanttotakeitimmediately?W:Yes,Ido,please．M:Lovely．WellyoucouldjustinitialthatboxtherefortheCDW．Andthatboxtheretoconfirmyouhaveknowndrivingconvictions,thankyou,andthensignthere．Great!That'sit!Questions9toHarebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．9．Whydoesthewomanwanttohireacar?10．Whatisthewoman'smainconsiderationinhiringacar?11．Whatdoesthedailychargeinclude?ConversationTwoW:12So,possiblelocationsfortheplant．13First,thebasicfacilitiesfortheregionaregenerallyverygood,atleastbetweenthethreemaincities,Bilbao,VictoriainthesouthandSantander．Thereisnowafasttrainlinktothe,southofFranceandtherestofSpain．M:WhataretheimprovementsthataffectBilbaoprincipally?W:Thewholeregionbenefits．First,theportareahasbeencompletelymodernizedandrelocated．Andtheairporthasbeenextended．Sothebasicfacilitiesaregood．M:Right．So,areweinthepositiontochooseoneofthesecities?W:14Well,let'snotrushintoanything．Ithinkit'sabadideatoassumewe'regoingtochooseacity．Itmightbebettertothinkaboutoneofthesmallertowns．M:Smallerplaces．Yes．So,shouldwegetdetailsonthepossibleplaces?W:Yes．Wecoulddothat．But,weneed,Ithink,first,tocheckifyoutakethesethingsintoconsideration．Forexample,taxbenefits,grants,andanythinglikethat．Forlocatingtoasmallerplace,notoneofthesemaincities,thenwecouldmakeabetterdecision．M:Yes．Iagree．You'vetalkedabouttheimprovedtransportlinksinBilbao．15Whataboutthelinkstothesmallertowns?Ifit'samountainoushillyregion,itcouldtakeanhourormoreforatrucktoreachamainroad．SoIthinkweneedtolookspecificallyatthetrainandlinkstosmallertowns．W:Yes．You'reright．Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard．12．Whatarethespeakersdiscussing?13．WhatdoesthewomansayaboutBilbao,VictoriaandSantander?14．Whatdoesthewomanthinktheyshoulddo?15．Whatisthemanconcernedabout?SectionBPassageOne16Inastudyofolderpeoplewithsistersandbrothers,psychologistDebraGoldoftheDukeCenterforthestudyofagingandhumandevelopmentfoundthatabout20%saidtheywerehostileorindifferenttowardtheirsistersandbrothers．Reasonsforthisrangedfrominheritancedisputestohostilitybetweenspouses．But,manyofthosewhohadpoorrelationshipsfeltguilty．Althoughmostpeopleadmittedtosomelingeringrivalry,itwasrarelystrongenoughtoendtherelationship．Onlyfouroutofthe54peopleinterviewedhadcompletelybrokenwiththeirsistersandbrothersandonlyoneofthefourfeltcomfortablewiththebreak．17Assistersandbrothersadvancedintooldage,closenessincreasesandrivalrydiminishes,explainsVictorChichirali,apsychologistatPurdueUniversity．Mostoftheelderlypeopleheinterviewedsaidtheyhadsupportiveandfriendlydealingsandgotalongwellorverywellwiththeftsistersandbrothers．Only4%gotalongpoorly．Goldfoundthataspeopleage,theyoftenbecomemoreinvolvedwithandinterestedintheirsistersandbrothers．53%ofthosesheinterviewedsaidthatcontactwiththeirsistersandbrothersincreaseinnateadulthood．Withfamilyandcareerobligationsreduced,manysaidthattheyhadmoretimeforeachother．Otherssaidthattheyfeltedwithtimetohealwounds．18AmanwhohadrecentlyreconciledwithhisbrothertoldGoldthere'ssomethingthatletsolderpeopletoputasidethebaddeedsofthepastandfocusalittleonwhatweneednow,especiallywhenit'ssistersandbrothers．Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．16．WhatdoesthestudybyDebraGoldfindaboutolderpeople?17．WhathasprobablycausedclosenesstoincreaseamongsistersandbrothersaccordingtoVictorChichirali?18．WhatdidthemanwhohadrecentlyreconciledwithhisbrothertellDebraGoldaboutolderpeople?PassageTwoMonarchbutterflies,thelargeoriginblackinsects,arecommonsummersightsinnorthernUnitedStatesandCanada．Theybrighteninparksandgardensastheyflyamongtheflowers．19Whatmakesmonarchbutterfliesparticularlyinterestingistheymigrate,allthewaytoCaliforniaorMexicoinback．Theyarethoughttobetheonlyinsectthatdoesthis．Everyyearinthelatesummer,monarchbegintheirmigrationtothesouth,thoseheadingforMexicogofirstfortheLouisianaMississippiregion．AndthentheyflytogoacrossMexicointoTexas．20OnceinMexico,theyestablishthemselvesinoneofabout15sizesinthemountainforth．Eachsideprovidesthewinterhomeformillionsofmonarchs．Thebutterfliesaresonumerousthattheyoftencovertheentiretrees．Whenspringcomes,theybegantheirlongjourneynorth．Thequestionisoftenaskedwhethereverybutterflymakestheroundtripjourneyeveryyear．Andtheanswerisno．Theaveragemonarchlivesaboutninemonth．21Sowhenflytothenorth,theymightlayeggsinLouisianaanddie．TheeggsofthatfollowinggenerationmaybefoundinKentucky,theeggsofnextgenerationmaybeinMichigan．ThelastgenerationoftheseasonabouttheforthmaymakethejourneybackinMexicoandrestartthecycle．Scientistslearnaboutthemonarchbutterflies'migrationbycapturingandplacingtheidentifyingtagsintheinsects．22Byrecapturingtheattemptofthemonarchandnotingwheretheycamefrom,thenextscientistcanfigureoutthingslikebutterfly'sageanditsrouting．Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．19．whatistheuniqueaboutthemonarchbutterflyaccordingtothespeaker?20．Wheredoesthebutterflysettleattheendofthemigration?21．Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthemonarchbutterflies'reproduction?22．Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?PassageThree23Peoplenowadaysseemtohavethesensethattheirtimehasbecomemorelimited．Comparedwithearlygenerationswespendmoreandmoretimeworkingandhavelessandlessfreetimetoengageinleisurepursues．Butthispremiseturnsouttobeanillusion．24ThemostcomprehensivedatafrommajorTimeUseServicesuggests,ifanything,Americanstodayhavemorefreetimethantheearlygenerations．Thenumberofhoursweworkhasnotchangedmuch,butwespendlesstimenowonhometasks．Sowehaveagreatamountoftimeforleisurethanindecadespast．Sowhydowefeelliketimesoscare．Oneproblemisthattimebecomesmorevaluableandtimebecomesmoreworthmoney．Wefeellikewehavelessofit．Workerswhobillorgetpaidbythehour,thinkemployerandfast-foodworkers,reportfocusingmoreonpursuingmoremoneythanthosewhogetpaidbysalaryandthefacthasbeenfast．Inoneexperiment,peopleweretoldtoplaytheroleofconsultantandbilltheirtimebyeitherninedollarsanhourorninetydollarsanhour．Whenpeoplebilledtheirtimebyninetydollarsanhourtheyreportfeelingfarmorepricedfortime．25Thinkingaboutourtimeasmoney,changesareourbehavioraswell．Inonestudy,peoplewhowereinstructedtothinkaboutmoneybeforeenteringacarespentlesstimeschattingwiththeotherpatronsandmoretimeworking．Thosewhoarethinkingtheirtimedidreversespendingtimesocializinginsteadofworking．Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard．23,whatdoes．thespeakersaynowpeoplefeelabouttime?24．Whatdothedatafromtimeuseserviceshow?25．Whathappenswhenwethinkaboutourtimeasmoney?SectionCThefirstcopyrightlawintheUnitedStateswaspassedbyCongressin1790．In1976Congressenactedthelatestcopyrightlaw,(26)takingintoconsiderationthetechnologicaldevelopmentsthathadoccurredsincethepassageoftheCopyrightActof1909．Forexample,in1909,anyonewhowantedtomakeasinglecopyofa(27)literaryworkforpersonalusehadtodosobyhand．Theveryprocess(28)imposedalimitationonthequantityofmaterialscopied．Today,aphotocopiercandotheworkinseconds;thelimitationhasdisappeared．The1909lawdidnotprovidefullprotectionforfilmsandsoundrecordings,nordidit(29)anticipatetheneedtoprotectradioandtelevision．Asaresult,(30)violationsofthelawandabusesoftheintentofthelawhavelessenedthe(31)financialrewardsofauthors,artistsandproducers．The1976CopyrightActhasnotpreventedtheseabusesfully,butithasclarifiedthelegalrightsoftheinjuredpartiesandgiventheman(32)avenueforremedy．Since1976theActhasbeen(33)amendedtoincludecomputersoftware,andguidelineshavebeenadoptedforfairuseoftelevisionbroadcasts．Thesechangeshaveclearedupmuchoftheconfusionandconflictthatfollowed(34)inthewakeofthe1976legislation．Thefinepointsofthelawaredecidedbythecourtsandbyacceptablecommonpracticeovertime．Asthesedecisionsandagreementsaremade,wemodifyourbehavioraccordingly．Fornow,weneedto(35)interpretthelawanditsguidelinesasaccuratelyaswecanandtoactinafairmanner．单词注释PartⅢReadingComprehensionSectionAFearcanbeaneffectivewaytochangebehavior．Onestudycomparedtheeffectsofhigh-fearandlow-fearappealsonchangesinattitudesandbehaviorsrelatedtothedentalhygiene(卫生)．Onegroupofsubjectswasshownawfulpicturesof(36)decayedteethanddiseasedgums;anothergroupwasshownlessfrighteningmaterialssuchasplasticteeth,charts,andgraphs．Subjectswhosawthefrighteningmaterialsreportedmoreanxietyandagreater(37)desiretochangethewaytheytookcareoftheirteeththanthelow-feargroupdid．Butwerethesereactionsactually(38)translatedintobetterdentalhygienepractices?Toanswerthisimportantquestion,subjectswerecalledbacktothelaboratoryontwo(39）occasions(fivedaysandsixweeksaftertheexperiment)．Theycheweddisclosingwafers(牙疾诊断片)thatgivearedstaintoanyuncleanedareasoftheteethandthusprovidedadirect(40)indicationofhowwelltheywerereallytakingcareoftheirteeth．Theresultshowedthatthehigh-fearappealdidactuallyresultingreaterandmore(41)concretechangesindentalhygiene．Thatis,thesubjects(42)exposedtohigh-fearwarningsbrushedtheirteethmore(43)carefullythandidthosewhosawlow-fearwarnings．However,tobeaneffectivepersuasivedeviceitisveryimportantthatthemessagenotbetoofrighteningandthatpeoplebegiven(44)eligibleguidelinestohelpthemtoreducethecauseofthefear．Ifthisisn'tdone,theymayreducetheiranxietybydenyingthemessageorthe(45)credibilityofthecommunicator．Ifthathappens,itisunlikelythateitherattitudeorbehaviorchangewilloccur．译文：恐惧是改变行为的有效方式。一项研究比较了高恐惧和低恐惧感染力对有关口腔卫生的态度和行为变化的影响。研究小组向其中一组受试者展示了有关(36)龋齿和牙龈病的恐怖图片；又给另一组人看了不是那么可怕的材料，例如树脂牙、图表和图形。看到可怕材料的受试者比低恐惧小组显得更加焦虑，也更(37)想要改变护理牙齿的方法。但是这些反应真的能(38)转变成更好的口腔卫生习惯吗?为了回答这个重要的问题，受试者两(39)次被召回到实验室(分别在试验的五天后以及六个星期后)。他们都嚼了牙疾诊断片，这种牙疾诊断片会在牙齿上没有清洁的地方留下红色的污渍，因而也就直接(40)说明了他们护理牙齿的程度。结果表明高恐惧感染力确实能引起口腔卫生方面更大且更(41)具体的改变。也就是说，(42)接触高恐惧警告信息的受试者比那些看到低恐惧警示信息的人刷牙更(43)认真。但是，要想成为一个有效且有说服力的方法，信息就不能太吓人而且也应当为人们提供(44)合适的参考指南帮他们减少引起恐惧的原因。如果做不到这一点，他们就会通过否认接收到的信息或者是信息传播者的(45)可信度以缓解焦虑。如果是这样的话，就不可能会出现任何态度或者行为上的改变。选项词性归类SectionB译文：街道级解决方案A．小时候，爸爸最喜欢的一句名言(借用幽默作家威尔·罗杰斯的话．就是：“引来麻烦的并不是我们不知道的；而是我们自以为知道的错误判断。”54“十万住房活动”以及其采取的结束长期无家可归的策略给我的主要认识之一就是．直到现在．我们的社会自以为理解了无家可归的本质，然而事实上它并不了解。B．那就导致了一系列关于为何人们会无家可归以及他们需要什么的误解。许多为解决无家可归而制定的政策上的失误都源于无家可归的人是一个同质群体的想法。仅仅在过去的15年内“共同家园”等这样的组织才对这个问题有了具体的认识——将“暂时无家可归”和“长期无家可归”区别开来以从个人的层面了解他们的需求。C．尽管一些读者对长期无家可归的人很好地适应住房的机率持怀疑态度，甚至还有少数人对此完全不屑一顾，但是大多数都支持这样的做法。这是可以预料到的；要想像我们还没见过的东西是很困难的。正像尼可罗·马基亚维利在《君主论》中所说的，推进制度变革的主要障碍之一就是“人们的怀疑”，意思就是人们“在没有适应新事物之前是不会真的相信它们的”。数十年来，我们中有大多数人都在街上看到过无家可归的人。很少有人见到过以前无家可归而现在已成功安置下来的人。对于那样的故事我们无从参考。所以我们就概括了我们所了解的——或者是自以为了解的。D．但这是会误导人，甚至是专家。罗赞·哈格蒂是“共同家园”的创始人，目前经营着2310套援助性住房(大约552套在建)。当我问她这项工作曾带给她最大的震惊是什么时，她回答说：“15年前，我是绝对不会相信如此萎靡不振且无家可归的人能够成长到住在我们的房子里时的程度。”47活动的负责人贝基·卡尼斯也说：“我们的脑海中有着这样的想法．无家可归的人几乎是天生就与有家的人不一样．这项活动让人们亲身体验到事实上并非如此．”E．50在研究本专栏时．令我震惊的认识之一就是任何人都有可能变成无家可归的人——所需要的只是一个创伤性的脑损伤。从自行车上摔下来，一次车祸，在冰上滑倒，或者是你是一名士兵，头部受伤——你的生活就变得面目全非。50詹姆斯·欧·康奈尔医生25年来都在治疗波士顿大街上最脆弱的无家可归的人．他估计他所遇到的40％长期无家可归的人都有这样的脑损伤。“许多人在无家可归前头部都受过伤。”他说，“他们变得难以捉摸。他们会有情绪波动，以及阵发性的暴躁行为。他们保不住自己的工作。喝酒会让他们好受一些。他们最终会在街上流浪。”F．无家可归的人一旦回到房屋里，他们就会更好地重建自己的生活。但是必须要注意仅仅提供住房是不够的。正如许多复杂的社会问题一样，当你度过最初的难关后，你还要解决另一个没那么具有挑战性的问题。但那是一个比较好解决的问题。G．在过去的十年里，欧·康奈尔曾经看到这样的事发生。“我有一半的时间是在街上或者医院里，另一半时间出诊，给那些在街上生活了多年的人看病。”他说，“49所以从一个医生的角度来看．这是一个可喜的转变．但是这并不是说把人安置在房子里就是解决他们所有问题的答案．这只是第一步．”H．51一旦住进房子里。先前那些没有家的人就会变得孤立、孤独．如果他们已经在街上生活了很多年．他们或许会获得某种身份并对自己的生存技能感到骄傲。现在在家里。那些关于他们身份的意义就会被剥离。许多人在刚开始时也会深感迷茫。“如果你有六个多月都无家可归，你就可能会有些不知所措。”哈格蒂说，“生存就不意味着战胜无家可归而是找到食物，乞讨，以及寻找一份让自己能在将来活下来的工作。你定义“稳定”的全过程得到重新调整。”I．53许多人需要定期的，如果不是持续不断的话．应对心理健康问题、成瘾以及疾病的支持——而且同样重要的是．在应对日常牛活中的挑战、重新认识家人、与邻居建立关系、寻找有趣的活动或者工作、理财以及学习如何吃健康食物等方面的帮助．J．52对一些人来说，最好的解决办法就是人住有特别服务的集体住所．但是这并不适用于所有地方。比如，在波士顿，无家可归的人往往散落于城市的各个公寓楼中。K．“共同家园”在纽约的一些大住宅在无家可归的人得到大量支持时，让人们看到了改变的可能。除了一些更加传统的社会服务以外，居民们还拥有公共花园，可以学习烹饪、瑜伽、戏剧以及摄影，而且还有工作介绍。55去年，4所“其同家园”件所里的188名之前无家可归的人都找到了工作．L．48因为花园住宅拥有多种服务而且管理妥善．哈格蒂发现人住后几乎没出现什么问题．在过去的十年间，居民之间仅仅有少数争吵事件发生。几乎没有涂鸦及破坏．而人员的流动几乎是可以忽略的。纽约的乔治王子旅馆曾是208个无家可归的人以及208名低收入房客的家，那里的平均租期长达将近7年。(所有居民花30％的收入支付房租；无家可归的人的租金来自政府的福利)．人们离开往往是因为他们已经找到了更好的住所。M．“居民们也想参与住宅公共领域的建设，”哈格蒂说，“他们组成了园艺委员会。他们想在屋顶上搭建阳台。这些都是我没有考虑到的问题。”是大多数居民的要求吗?“46人们总是想要更大的存储空间——至少对纽约人来说是事实．”她补充道，“在很多方面，我们都很像一个普通的公寓楼。我们的居民和其他人没有区别。”N．正如我所说的那样，无家可归包含了各种各样的问题。许多读者都问这个活动是否能解决有着不同原因且需要不同解决方案的家庭无家可归。我一直在追随一些解决并防止家庭无家可归的有前途的创意。在2011年后期，我将在一个专栏里探讨这些想法。现在，我将对“十万住房活动”的最近更新进行总结。自周二开始，新奥尔良以及其他几个社团发布了新的结果。目前人住者的数量为7043。46．TenantsinCommonGround’sresidencesallwantmoreroomforstorage．“共同家园”住所的居民都想要更多的储存空间。47．HomesCampaignprovidesfirst-handproofthatthehomelessarenotwhattheywereoncebelievedtobe．“住房活动”提供了第一手的证据来证明无家可归的人并不是人们曾经所想的那样。48．CommonGround’sresidencesarewell．managedandbyandlargepeaceful．“共同家园”的住所管理妥善而且总的来说比较和平。49．Housingthehomelessisonlythefirststeptosolvingalltheirproblems．为无家可归的人提供住房仅仅是解决他们所有问题的第一步。50．Alargepercentofthechronicallyhomelesshavesufferedfrombraininjury．大多数长期无家可归的人都患有脑损伤。51．Afterbeinghousedmanyhomelesspeoplebecomeconfusedatfirstastohowtodealwithlifeoffthestreet．在被安置后许多无家可归的人刚开始会变得迷茫，不知道如何应对离开街道的生活。52．Somepeoplethinkthebestwaytohelpthehomelessistoprovidethemwithcommunalhousing．一些人认为帮助无家可归的人的最好办法就是为他们提供集体住房。53．Thehomelesswithhealthproblemsshouldbegivenregularsupportintheirdailylives．应当为有健康问题的无家可归者提供定期的日常生活援助。54．UntilrecentlyAmericansocietyhasfailedtoseewhathomelessnessisallabout．直到今天美国社会都没有了解到无家可归究竟是什么。55．ManyformerlyhomelesstenantsinNewYork’sCommonGround’sresidencesgothired．纽约“共同家园”住宅里的许多之前无家可归的人得到雇佣。SectionCPassageOne译文：56科技可以使我们变得更加聪慧，亦或使我们更加愚笨．我们需要制定一套规则来指导我们的日常行为．从而使我们能够确信科技是在不断提升而不是阻碍着我们的心理历程。如今倍受争议的问题之一就是：我们需要把什么样的信息储存到我们的大脑里面，什么样的信息我们可以抛到云端，在必要的时候再调出来?教育界有越来越多的有力的一群人支持“数字文化”。57在他们看来．技能胜于知识．培养“数字文化”比学习知识内容更重要．而且所有的内容现在都可以通过谷歌搜索到．所以并不值得再去记忆。但是如果学生和广大劳动者对世界如何运转的认识没有一个广泛的知识基础，那么即便是最先进的数字文化也不能帮助他们引导世界发展。如果你只是关注于传输机制而不是知识内容，那你绝对是在给孩子们帮倒忙。58当然．认知科学中的种种迹象都在挑战着技能可以独立存在于实实在在的知识的认知。过去30年的数据得出一个从科学角度讲并不具有挑战性的结果就是：理论源于实践．思维的缜密源于对事实的了解．这一观点的正确件并不仅仅是因为你需要思考事情．老师们所关心的最重要的思考过程是与长期储存的实际知识记忆是紧密交织在一起的。换句话来讲，仅仅因为你能从谷歌上搜到黑色星期二的日期并不意味着你了解为什么会发生“大萧条”，或者它如何与如今的经济衰退做比较。毫无疑问，如今的学生和将来的劳动者将会需要创新，合作和评价。但是这些技能不能脱离知识，因为这些知识导致了技能的出现。59要创新就要知道历史。要合作．就要为企业贡献知识；要评估．就要学会把已掌握的知识和新的信息作比较．这里给出一个在数字世界里的思维规则，分为两部分：首先，掌握在你想要有所发展的领域中的基础知识。这一基础能为发展技能提供必要的基础，而且这一基础知识不能是外包给一个浏览引擎就可以替代的。其次，不仅要利用电脑的不变的内存，还要利用人脑细致的记忆。当你要储存不能更改的信息时，电脑是最佳选择。但是当你需要用有趣而且有效的方法改变信息时，比如联系其他事实或想法，获取连续的意思层次，加深你已掌握的知识和经历从而产生更丰富的精神食粮时，人脑绝对是更好的选择。56．Whatistheauthor’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnology?作者对使用科技的顾虑是什么?A．Itmayleaveknowledge“inthecloud”．可能会把知识“抛入云端”。B．Itmaymisguideoureverydaybehavior．可能会误导我们的日常行为。C．Itmaycauseadivideinthecirclesofeducation．可能会引发教育界的分歧。D．Itmayhinderthedevelopmentofthinkingskills．可能会阻碍思考能力的发展。57．Whatistheviewofeducatorswhoadvocatedigitalliteracy?提倡数字文化的教育工作者的观点是什么?A．Ithelpskidstonavigatethevirtualworldatwill．它能帮助儿童在虚拟世界任意遨游。B．Ithelpskidstobroadentheirscopeofknowledge．它能帮助儿童拓宽知识层面。C．Itincreaseskid’sefficiencyofacquiringknowledge．它能提高儿童掌握知识的效率。D．Itliberateskidsfromtheburdenofmemorizingfacts．它减轻了儿童记忆知识的负担。58．Whatdoesevidencefromcognitivescienceshow?认知科学的证据说明了什么?A．Knowledgeisbetterkeptinlong．termmemory．知识在长期记忆中保存得更好。B．Criticalthinkingisbasedonfactualknowledge．批判性思维源自事实性的知识。C．Studyskillsareessentialtoknowledgeacquisition．学习能力对知识掌握来说必不可少。D．Criticalthinkingmeanschallengingexistingfacts．批判性思考意味着挑战现有的事实。59．Whatdoestheauthorthinkiskeytomakingevaluations?作者认为评估中什么很关键?A．Gatheringenoughevidencebeforedrawingconclusions．在得出结论前搜集足够的证据。B．Masteringthebasicrulesandprinciplesforevaluation．掌握评估的基本规则和原则。C．ConnectingnewinformationwithOne’saccumulatedknowledge．将新的信息与人们积累的知识联系起来。D．Understandingbothwhathashappenedandwhyithashappened.了解发生了什么以及事情发生的原因。60．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?作者写这篇文章的目的是什么?A．Towarnagainstlearningthroughmemorizingfacts．提醒人们不要通过记忆事实来学习。B．Topromoteeducationalreformintheinformationage．促进信息时代的教育改革。C．Toexplainhumanbrains’functioninstoringinformation．解释人类在储存信息中的功能。D．Tochallengetheprevailingoveremphasisondigitalliteracy．批判盛行的过分强调数字文化的观点。PassageTwo译文：美国最近的历史一直在不断向西部倾斜——人，观念，商业，甚至是政治。加州和德州是西部的两大焦点，但也是完全不同的两个地方。6120世纪大部分时间里．硅谷和好菜坞曾经代表著这两个地区的智慧和时尚．德州已经落后：它的原型一直是穿着牛仔靴的保守基督徒．但是两大城市可以换位置。现在是这样吗?62很容易找到证据证明加州正处于恐慌中．在这个月初这个曾经的黄会州就开始给债权人打欠条。这个财政年预计支出与收入之间的差距已跃升至260亿美元这个可怕的数字。由于没有任何迹象表明有新的预算来填补这个鸿沟，一家信贷机构已经降低了加州债券的信用等级。随着预算的削减，大学将会缩招，囚犯将被提早释放，而保护弱势群体的方案也将被中止。相反，德州则很好地应对了经济的不景气，就业率仅比国家平均水平低了两个点，同时还是房屋回收率最低的一个州。这部分是因为在上次房地产泡沫破灭中受到沉重打击的德州银行这次并没有过度扩张。63德州还明确提供了以小政府为基础的不同的模式。它没有政府资本收益或者是收入所得税，持有商业友好以及欢迎移民的态度。它是《财富》杂志500强评选的绝大多数企业的发源地。尽管如此，要把美国的未来交给德州似乎仍为时尚早。首先，德州的精简模式自身存在着一些问题。64它对教育的投瓷不够．而且许多专家也担心那些缺乏满足知识经济所需的技能的拉美裔德州人会成为下一个“迷惘的一代”。其次，德州从未像加州那样将很多有创造力的人投入到它的发展上。即使好莱坞已经陷入萧条，它依然拥有着无可比拟的朝阳产业以及世界上最活跃的风投行业。德州也有极好的自我创新能力——就像它在冷战末期国防产业崩溃时所做的那样。事实上两个州可以互相学习。德州仍然缺乏加州那样优秀的大学而且在文化上也相对落后。63加州不仅能采纳德州的精简政策．也可以在政治上采纳其两党制的办法。65政府没有完美的模型：拥有50个公共政策实验室的美国天才们也只是在争相找出最佳的方式．61．WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCaliforniaandTexasinParagraphl?关于加州和德州作者在第一段中说了什么?A．Theyhavebeencompetingfortheleadingposition．他们一直在为领先的地位互相竞争。B．CaliforniahasbeensuperiortoTexasinmanyways．加州在许多方面一直领先于德州。C．Theyarebothmodelsofdevelopmentforotherstates．他们都是其他州发展的榜样。D．Texas’scowboycultureislessknownthanCalifornia’s．德州的牛仔文化不如加州的文化有名。62．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday’sCalifornia?关于今天的加州作者说了什么?A．Itsdebtsarepushingitintobankruptcy．它的债务追使其破产。B．Itsbudgetshavebeencutby$26billion．它的预算减少了260亿美元。C．Itisfacedwithaseriousfinancialcrisis．它面临着严重的财政危机。D．Itistryinghardtoprotectthevulnerable．它正在努力保护弱势群体。63．InwhatwayisTexasdifferentfromCalifornia?德州在哪方面与加州不同?A．Itpracticessmallgovernment．它实行小政府模式。B．Itishometotraditionalindustries．它是传统工业的发源地。C．IthasalargeHispanicpopulation．它有很多大拉美裔人口。D．Ithasallenviablewelfaresystem．它有令人羡慕的福利制度。64．WhatproblemisTexasconfrontedwith?德州面临着什么问题?A．ItsHispanicpopulationismostlyilliterate．大部分的拉美裔人口没有受过教育。B．Itssunriseindustriesareshrinkingrapidly．朝阳产业正严重缩水。C．Itseducationcannotmeettheneedsoftheknowledgeeconomy．教育无法满足知识经济的需求。D．Itsimmigrantshaveahardtimeadaptingtoitscowboyculture。移民很难适应它的牛仔文化。65．WhatdowelearnaboutAmericanpoliticsfromthepassage?关于美国的政治从这篇文章中我们可以知道些什么?A．Eachstatehasitsownwayofgoverning．每个州都有自己的治理方式。B．Moststatesfavorabipartisanapproach．大部分州都支持两党制。C．Partiescollaborateindrawingpublicpolicies．各方在制定公共政策中相互合作。D．Allstatesbelieveingovernmentforthepeople．所有的州都相信政府是为人民服务的。PartIVTranslation难点注释1．第一句话可直译，包含了两个意思，所以考生可将其译为两个并列分句，中间用and连接。2．第二句话的重点在于“获取了新的意义”，所以考生可以将“都是老词”作为同位语译出。3．第三句较长，大部分语句是用来修饰“乡村地主”和“人”的，考生采用定语从句的形式，而且，要体现出过去与现在的对比。4．第四句同第三句一样，含有对比的意思，所以考生要体现对比的意思，可以表示转折的并列连词将其连接起来。5．最后一句包含了两个独立的意思，所以考生应将其拆分成两个句子。前半句可用it作形式主语的结构，后半句可用therebe句型，并将最后一部分用独立主格结构的形式翻译。重点词汇热词hotwords大妈dama欺压tyrannize乡村地主rurallandlords品味taste特指referspecificallyto大量购买purchaseinbulk加进beaddedto土豪tuhao获取beendowedwith佃户tenants花钱如流水squandermoneywithnolimits称呼appellation大跌crash被收入beincludedin扩展词汇男闺蜜bromeo女汉子femaleman广场舞open-airfitnessdancing不作死就不会死nozuonodie高大上high-end累觉不爱tootiredtolove答案速查1—5．BAACD6—10．CDAAC11—15．BBADB26．takingintoconsideration27．Literary28．imposed29．anticipate30．violations31．Financial32．Avenue33．Amended34．Inthewakeof35．interpret36—40．FGOLK41—45．DJBIE61—65．BCACA46—50．MDLGE51—55．HJIAK56—60．DDBCD16—20．AADCC21—25．BBDCD