题型组合练(二十九) 阅读理解＋阅读七选五
Ⅰ.阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
(2019·太原高三模拟)Where there are humans，there are house sparrows.But despite their suggestive species name，Passer Domesticus，they aren't officially domesticated.The bold，tiny and grayandbrown birds are found on every continent except Antarctica，hopping around cities，pecking (啄)at leftover food on sidewalks，and sometimes chasing away native bird species.The house sparrows have adapted to living alongside humans，but this friendly behavior to humans is legendary.No one knew what set them apart from the other wild members of the sparrow family.
Looking for a genetic explanation，Mark Ravinet，an evolutionary biologist and his colleagues caught dozens of sparrows at sites across Europe.They set up mist nets that harmlessly trapped the birds as they flew inside—measured and tagged the birds，drew blood samples，and then released them.Back in the lab，they sequenced the birds' DNA.They found that the house sparrow's genes of many regions appeared to have experienced positive selection，helping the birds live alongside humans.The evolutionary process of natural selection may have favored genetic changes that altered their skull shape and allowed them to eat food with starch (淀粉)—similar to domesticated animals like dogs.The most significant sign of positive selection in the birds' DNA was found in a region with two known genes：one is linked to skull development and another helps create the amylase (淀粉酶)，which helps break down starch in humans，dogs and other domesticated animals.Changes to both genes might have helped the house sparrows eat humancultivated foods.
Another evolutionary biologist Samuel Andrew says the work is an exciting new step for bird researchers that could answer many questions about how sparrow species adapted to different conditions.But he and Ravinet agree there may be changes to other genes that were missed in this initial analysis，yet still helped the birds take advantage of humans.
“If you live in a major city，there are more animals around you than you realize，” Ravinet says.“They have a history and a story to tell.”
1．What do we know about the house sparrows from Paragraph 1 ?
A．They are domesticated. B．They are very friendly. C．They are welladapted. D．They are a rare species.
2．What is the purpose of Ravinet's research? A．To experience positive selection.
B．To confirm the species name of house sparrows.
C．To compare house sparrows with other domestic animals. D．To genetically explain house sparrows' friendly behavior. 3．Why is the amylase important to genetic change? A．Because it helps digest starch. B．Because all animals can create it. C．Because it promotes skull development. D．Because it can sequence animals' DNA. 4．What can we conclude from the text? A．House sparrows' history is legendary. B．House sparrows take advantage of humans. C．The skull shape determines animals' evolution.
D．Positive selection in DNA leads to biological evolution. 体裁：说明文 题材：自然 主题：家雀的基因与进化
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。通过积极的基因选择，家雀适应了现在的生存环境。 1．解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The bold，tiny...on sidewalks” 和“The house sparrows have adapted to living alongside humans”可推知，家雀的适应能力很强。
答案：C
2．解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“but this friendly behavior to humans is legendary.No one knew what set them apart from the other wild members of the sparrow family”及第二段第一句中的“Looking for a genetic explanation”可推知，Ravinet的研究的目的是想从基因上解释家雀具有友好行为的原因。
答案：D
3．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“which helps break down...eat humancultivated foods”可知，这种淀粉酶对基因改变重要的原因是它有助于消化淀粉。
答案：A
4．解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They found that the house sparrow's genes
of many regions appeared to have experienced positive selection...similar to domesticated animals like dogs”和倒数第二段中的“the work is an exciting new step for bird researchers that could answer many questions about how sparrow species adapted to different conditions”可推知，积极的基因选择会引起生物的进化。
答案：D
B
(2019·武昌高三调研)Parents complain about their teenagers' noses constantly in their phones，but they might want to pay attention to their own screen time habits.
A study out Wednesday from the Pew Research Center found that twothirds of parents are concerned about the amount of time their teenage children spend in front of screens，while more than a third express concern about their own screen time.
Meanwhile，more than half of teens said they often or sometimes find their parents to be absentminded when the teens are trying to have a conversation with them.The study calls teens' relationship with their phones at times “hyperconnected” and notes that nearly threefourths check messages or notifications (通知) as soon as they wake up.Parents do the same，but at a lower if still considerable rate—57 percent.
Big tech companies face a growing backlash (强烈反应)against the addictive nature of their phones and apps，the endless notifications and other features created to keep people fastened to their screens.
Many teens are trying to do something about it：52 percent said they have cut back on the time they spend on their phones and 57 percent did the same with social media.
Experts say parents have a big role in their kids' screen habits and setting a good example is a big part of it.“Kids don't always do what we say but they do as we do，” said Donald Shifrin，a professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine，who was not involved in the study.“Parents are the door that kids will walk through on their way to the world.”
The study surveyed 743 US teens and 1，058 US parents of teens from March 7 to April 10.The range of error is 4.5 percentage points.
5．According to the survey，how many parents are concerned about their screen time?
A．About 354. C．About 603.
B．About 317. D．About 705.
6．What does the underlined word “hyperconnected” in Para.3 mean?
A．Interactive. C．Nonexistent.
B．Undervalued. D．Overdeveloped.
7．Who makes it hard for people to fight against phone addiction? A．Protective parents. B．The Pew Research Center. C．Inexperienced teens. D．Greedy tech companies.
8．What does the text suggest parents do about their kids' screen habits? A．Upgrade the smart phones. B．Criticize kids for bad habits. C．Forbid kids from using phones. D．Cut down their own screen time.
体裁：说明文 题材：社会生活 主题：对父母和孩子沉溺于手机的研究
【语篇解读】 父母总是抱怨他们的孩子太沉溺于手机，其实是他们自身的这种行为影响到了孩子。为了避免孩子对手机上瘾，父母自身应该首先树立好榜样。
5．解析：数字计算题。根据第二段最后一句的“...while more than a third express concern about their own screen time”和最后一段中的“The study surveyed 743 US teens and 1，058 US parents of teens”可知，这次研究调查了1 058位父母，而他们中超过1/3的人表示对自己使用手机的时间担忧；由此可知1058÷3≈352.7；又根据“more than”可知，应该大于352，故选A。
答案：A
6．解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Parents complain about their teenagers' noses constantly in their phones”和第二段中的“twothirds of parents are concerned about the amount of time their teenage children spend in front of screens”都提到父母担忧孩子看手机的时间太长；而画线词所在句又讲到青少年一醒来就先查看手机的信息和通知；由此可推知，孩子和手机之间的关系是“过度联系”，故画线词与D项意思相近。
答案：D
7．解析：推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，大型科技公司为了自己的利益，会不断研发使人上瘾的手机功能，故选D。
答案：D
8．解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Experts say parents have a big role in their kids' screen habits and setting a good example is a big part of it”以及“Kids don't always do what we say but they do as we do”可知，父母对于孩子看手机的习惯有不可推卸的责任，树立榜样意义重大；由此可推知，文章建议父母减少自己看手
机的时间，故选D。
答案：D
C
(2019·安徽五校联盟质量检测)While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true，that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden，Sweden were treated to in April.What's more，if the results of the experiment prove encouraging，starting 2019，the middle schoolers will never have to worry about afterschool work or tests，aside from the national examinations，which are compulsive for students across the country.
The school's principal，Petronella Sirkka，who came up with the idea，said，“We are constantly receiving new reports that our children feel bad.And that's because they have a high level of stress all the time.This is our way of trying to reduce that stress.”
The educator says that while banning homework and tests sounds radical (激进的)，it makes sense given the changes in the curriculum and approaches to education.While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts，learning today is all about reflection and analysis.As a result，it is often harder for kids，especially those with little support at home，to comprehend the material by themselves.
Sirkka is not the only one who believes afterschool work does not help students learn.In March 2018，another principal in Canada also decided to do away with homework.They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.
While the longterm impact of the recent decisions made by the two educators remains to be seen，the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework，grades，and even teaching by subjects for many years.Yet，Finnish students always rank high in the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests especially in math and science but they have the least homework！Hopefully，it will only be a matter of time before US educators follow their lead and ban afterschool work as well!
9．The students at Sturenskolan School had no homework in April because________． A．the headmaster was experimenting with her idea B．they needed to do some experiments during the month C．they were busy preparing for the national examinations D．the headmaster had to carry out the government's policy
10．What makes children's learning hard nowadays? A．Children have to do more analyzing. B．The approach to education is complex. C．Children get no support at home and school. D．There are many more facts to memorize.
11．What does Petronella Sirkka most likely advise parents to do? A．Help children with their homework. B．Free children from afterschool housework. C．Spend more time reading to their children. D．Communicate with teachers from time to time. 12．What can we infer about the students in Finland? A．They study the hardest at school. B．They have a more relaxing school life. C．They enjoy great success after graduation. D．They all have a talent for math and science. 体裁：说明文 题材：学校生活 主题：取消家庭作业和考试
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长Petronella Sirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获成功。
9．解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The school's principal，Petronella Sirkka，who came up with the idea”，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，故A项正确。
答案：A
10．解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts，learning today is all about reflection and analysis.As a result，it is often harder for kids，especially those with little support at home，to comprehend the material by themselves”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。故A项正确。
答案：A
11．解析：推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确。
答案：C
12．解析：推理判断题。根据尾段第一句中的“...the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework，grade，and even teaching by subjects for many years”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚至科目教学。据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确。
答案：B Ⅱ.阅读七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·河南五校高三联考)For most students，writing more clearly and persuasively presents a great challenge.__1__Few of them，though，focus on filling their essays with necessary information and details，let alone organizing the information.
In order to make an essay convincing，students should know how to select the necessary information and details.__2__Information that can help students clarify and better convey their ideas is certainly important.To figure out what this is，you should make sure you understand the theme of the essay.__3__
Suppose you were asked to write an essay describing a memorable event in your life.You should start off by thinking about the events you've experienced，and why a particular event is especially memorable to you.__4__While writing the essay，you should constantly remind yourself that since the event must be a memorable one，you should pay attention to describing the details that make it so special.
__5__Indeed，before you include any information in your essay，you should think about how to link reasons，examples and details together before you start writing.Only then will you be able to produce a strong and coherent(连贯的) essay.
A．But how do you know what to include?
B．Good writing is sure to leave a deep impression on the readers. C．Through this process，you can choose a meaningful experience. D．You can begin with a question，such as why I'm writing this essay. E．Many can write grammatically correct sentences and choose proper words. F．However，even if you think of good reasons and examples，you must try to organize your essay well.
G．Only after clearly understanding the topic can you choose proper reasons and examples to support your ideas.
体裁：说明文 题材：学校生活 主题：写作的要领
【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，简要阐述了一些学生如何写作的要领。
1．解析：根据前一句中的most students和后一句中的Few of them可知空处与students有关；根据后一句中的though(然而)可知空处与后一句形成转折关系。故E项正确。
答案：E
2．解析：前一句中的“Students should know how to select the necessary information and details”及下文关于如何选择信息的内容与A项中的“what to include”吻合，故A项正确。
答案：A
3．解析：根据前一句中的“you should make sure you understand the theme of the essay”可知G项正确。
答案：G
4．解析：前一句“You should start off by thinking about the events...to you”与C项的“this process”吻合，故C项正确。
答案：C
5．解析：下文中的“how to link reasons，examples and details together before you start writing”与F项中的“organize your essay well”吻合，故F项正确。
答案：F
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