英语试题
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
1.The local people _____ building the new hotel because of the great cost. A. opposed B. objected C. accused D. charged 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 考查动词辨析。
A. opposed oppose doing反对； B. objected object 【详解】句意：由于费用较高，当地人反对建新的宾馆。to doing拒绝；C. accused 指责； D. charged 收费，控告。根据短语搭配以及句意得知，选A。 2.China has officially set Sept 3as \"Victory Day\" to mark China’s victory over Japan in World War II. The establishment of \"Victory Day\" highlights Beijing's_____ to peaceful development and the importance of_____ the past.
A. commitment; acknowledging B. application; admitting C. acknowledging; committing D. admission;, applying 【答案】A 【解析】
考查相似词辨析。commitment承诺，委托；application应用，申请；applying 申请，应用；admission承认；admitting 承认；acknowledging承认；句意：中国官方将9月3日称为“胜利日”，以纪念中国在二战中战胜日本。“胜利日”的确立，突显出中国政府对和平发展的承诺，以及承认过去的重要性。本题第一空要用名词，第二空of后用动词-ing形式，根据句意选A.
3.Chinese officials hope that trade will_____ when the two countries _____ to hard currency. A. turn up; scratch B. pick up; switch
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C. catch on; squeeze D. hold on; status 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
考查短语及动词词义辨析。句意：中方官员希望两国在转向使用硬通货后,贸易会有起色。
【详解】A.turn up出现，翻起，声音开大；scratch擦，刮; 擦痛。B. pick up捡起，接送，学会，好转，起色；switch开关，转换; 转变。C. catch on变得流行; squeeze挤，榨，捏； D. hold on坚持，等一等; status地位，身份。分析句子可知，第二句应当是从句的谓语动词,而status是名词，所以排除D项。根据句子的内容分析，可知，本句的意思是两国转向硬货币时，贸易会有起色（pick up），而不是出现（turn ，或是流行（catch on）。分析选项可知B项符合题意。 up）
4.\"Chinese dama\ the attention of the public for the first time in 2013.
A. consisted; grabbing B. consisting; grabbing C. consisting; grabbed D. consisted; grabbed 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
考查非谓语动词的现在分词和时态。
【详解】句意：\"中国大妈\"，一群主要由已婚的年龄在40到60岁之间的妇女组成，在2013年第一次吸引a group与consist之间是主谓关系，了公众的注意力。第一空：用现在分词短语作定语修饰a group，排除A、D项；第二空：句中缺少谓语，根据时间状语 in 2013，要用一般过去时态，排除B项，故选C。
【点睛】非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语，弄清楚现在分词的构成，时态与语态，然后根据题意及上下文选择最合适的答案．
5.Facebook has recently _____ a string of Facebook groups committed to illegally sharing copyrighted music. A. cracked down on B. fallen back on C. kept up with D. got away with
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【答案】A 【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：脸谱网最近严厉打击了一批致力于非法分享版权音乐的脸谱网群体。A. crack down on严厉打击，镇压；B. fall back on求助于，转而依靠；C. keep up with跟上，赶上；D. get away with侥幸成功，侥幸逃脱。故选A。
6.It is our_____ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means. A. considerate B. continuous C. consistent D. conscious 【答案】C 【解析】 【分析】
考查形容词辨析。
A. considerate 考虑周到的； B. continuous 连【详解】句意：通过和平手段实现团结是我们的一贯的政策。续的；C. consistent 一贯的，始终如一的； D. conscious 有意识的。根据句意得知，故选C。
7.____ making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because in the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didn't require such an ability of the human brain. A. On behalf of B. In contrast to C. In salute to D. In terms of 【答案】D 【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在做决定方面，人类的大脑无法与计算机相比，因为在漫长的进化过A. On behalf of代表；B. In contrast to相反；C. In salute 程中，生活的缓慢节奏并不需要人类大脑有这样的能力。to表示敬意；D. In terms of按照，在…方面。此处指在做决定方面，故选D.
8._____ girls can be_____they would like to be, whether it is a pilot or an astronaut, is being accepted all around the world.
A. What; whomever B. That; whatever
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C. If; whoever D. 不填; whatever 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
考查名词性从句引导词
【详解】句意：女孩子可以想当什么就当什么，无论是飞行员还是宇航员，这一点正在被世界各地的人们接受．本题考查名词性从句中引导词的运用，第二空是be动词后面的表语从句的引导词，表示\"职业\"，用whatever，排除A和C；去掉逗号中间插入的部分可知，is前的主语从句\"girls can be whatever they would like to be\"从意思到成分都是完整的，故选择在名词性从句中不担任成分，无意义的that，故答案是B。 【点睛】名词性从句考查的关键是连接词的选用和语序，因此，我们首先要搞清从句的性质，掌握各连接词的用法，在此基础上判断．此外，关注名词性从句用陈述语序．
9._____ the oil under the sea, the company has raised ample funds to develop petroleum exploration equipment. A. Exploiting B. Having exploited C. To exploit D. Exploited 【答案】C 【解析】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了探索海底石油，该公司筹集了充足的资金来开发石油勘探设备。“________ the oil under the sea”是目的状语，表目的，应用动词不定式，故C选项正确。
10.Housing prices_____ since a few years ago. Therefore, it’s time the central government _____ some effective measures to bring them under control.
A. have increased; would take B. have increased; will take C. have been increasing; takes D. have been increasing; took 【答案】D 【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：自从去年年底房价一直在上涨。因此，该是中央政府采取措施降低并控制房价
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的时候了。由since判断句中需要完成时，并且根据语境，房价还在上涨中，故第一空用完成进行时；第二空考查句型\"It's/was time that该是…的时候了\"，从句中往往用过去时，也可以用\"should+动词原形\"；故答案是D。
【点睛】1.Since自从---以来（可做介词和连词），和现在完成时态连用。 He has lived here since he came. 自从他来到这里，就一直在这里住着。
2.It is the first(second---)time that 主语+现在完成时态+其他。意思是：第几次做某事了。如果把is改成was，则后面用过去完成时态。It’s the third time that I have come to the Summer Palace.这是我第三次来到颐和园。 3.It’s (high) time that 主语+一般过去时态+其他。现在是该做某事的时间了。It’s high time that we had lunch.现在是我们该吃午饭的时间了。
4. It is/has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+---。自从---有多长时间了。在这个句型中since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时态，分两种情况：（1）如果从句的动词是终止性动词leave/come/---，则表示“从动作开始到现在多长时间了。”It is three years since he began to smoke.他已经吸烟三年了。（2）如果从句的动词是持续性动词stay/smoke/live---，则表示“从动作结束到现在多长时间了”。 It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟三年了。
11.Not far from the street, there was a garden, _____ owner seated in it reading a book every afternoon. A. Whose B. its C. which D. that 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】
考查独立主格结构。
【详解】句意：在街道附近有一个花园，它的主人在每天下午都会坐在花园里读书。此题关键是理解seated这个单词，它是过去分词，而不是作谓语的过去式。它不能在句中做谓语。所以后面句子不是一个非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，要填代词its。故选B。 12._____ we can take some measures to cut the losses to the minimum.
A. As earthquakes are difficult to predict B. Are as earthquakes difficult to predict C. Difficult are as earthquakes to predict D. Difficult as earthquakes are to predict 【答案】D
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【解析】 【分析】 考查倒装句
【详解】句意：尽管地震很难被预测，我们可以采取措施把地震造成的损失降低到最小。as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装句，把表语（形容词或名词），动词，副词提到as前面。故选D。 13.--- I can’t think why he_____ so angry.1 meant no offence. ---It’s typical of him to be sensitive. A. should have been B. must have been C. might have been D. can have been 【答案】A 【解析】
考查情态动词。A. should have been本应该；B. must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”；C. might have been表示对过去事情的推测，可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。D. can have been表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？。句意：—我认为他本不该这么生气，我并没有冒犯的意思。—敏感是他一个典型的特征。此处指我认为他不该生气，结果他生气了。用“本不该”，故选A.
【名师点睛】
情态动词+have done用法总结：
一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、 “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
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四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has happened to George? —I don't know. He may have got lost.
—乔治发生了什么事？——我不知道，他可能迷路了。
六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。
七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。
1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。
1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。
I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。
十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。
I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。 He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
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would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. would rather +have done 当时宁愿做了 或没做 I would rather have refuse his offer 14.--I am worn out.
---Me too , all work and no play .It is time to _____. A. burn the midnight oil B. fall to the ground C. go with the flow D. call it a day 【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 考查情景交际
---我快累死了。---我也是，A. burn the midnight oil 【详解】一直干活没有松一口气。总算一天的工作结束了。挑灯夜战； B. fall to the ground孤立无援，失败; C. go with the flow 随大流； D. call it a day停工，就此结束。根据上下语境得知选D。
15.--Forgotten something? 1 can keep an eye on your kids if you want to go and get it. -- _____ .Thank you all the same.
A. It's very kind of you. B. Oh, how careless of me! C. I might as well go and get it. D. Well, I can do without it. 【答案】D 【解析】
选D。上一句的意思是：“忘了什么东西了吗？如果你想去拿它的话，我可以帮你照看一下孩子。”通过下一句空格后的答语“仍然要谢谢你”可知，空格处作了否定回答。A项意为“你真是太好了”；B项意为“哦，我是多么粗心呀！”；C项意为“我最好还是去拿吧”；D项意为“哦，我不拿也行”。do without表示“没有……也行”，D项用在空格处符合前后句的逻辑关系，所以答案为D。
第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下列短文，从短文后各
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题所给的Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ和Ｄ四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you ever imagined your future? I try to do this all the time. Most of us will follow in our ___16___ footsteps, by this I mean our adult lives will ___17___ resemble the lives we live as children, set by our parents’ examples. Have you ever ___18___ and thought about this? What an awful job it must be to ___19___ a child properly! But, what happens to the children that live ___20___ drugs, alcohol and violence in their childhood? Where can they find good examples for themselves?
I know of one place that is trying to ___21___ all children. It is the McDowell County D.A.R.E. program in McDowell County North Carolina. Our teachers carry on their shoulders the great ___22___ of teaching kids to just say NO to drugs, alcohol and violence. I am personally acquainted with ___23___ of these things, not because I have ever ___24___ them myself, but because of my dad. He drank, ___25___ drugs and smoked pot (抽大麻). When I was 7 my mom took me and my sister and ___26___. I wonder if my dad ever thought about the ___27___ and what this bad decision would lead to when he first started experimenting with drugs and pot at 13. He has been in jail, he can’t get a decent job, and he lost his ___28___. These bad choices also caused him to hurt his children in horrible ways.
I am ___29___ that I have at least one parent to help me make wise decisions, and to teach me right from wrong. I am also ___30___ that the D.A.R.E. program is taught in our schools. One of the most ___31___ things I learned from D.A.R.E. is that a person that has a parent with an addiction problem is more than twice as likely to become addicted themselves, as compared to a person that has no family history of drug ___32___. I have learned many things through this ___33___, especially about the consequences of our trying drugs. You could get arrested, hurt yourself or someone else, ___34___ your life by becoming an addict, or even die. All of these things are terrible, but I can’t think of anything ___35___ as a parent than hurting our children and the people that love us. DRUGS DESTROY LIVES! I give the D.A.R.E. program two thumbs up, for all the good things being accomplished. 16. A. grandma’s B. brother’s C. parents’ D. teachers’
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17. A. closely B. loosely C. hardly D. physically 18. A. lived B. stopped C. started D. decided 19. A. praise B. understand C. appreciate D. raise 20. A. on B. over C. in D. for
21. A. treat B. represent C. reach D. persuade
22. A. pressure B. responsibility C. probability D. advantage 23. A. both B. all C. none D. neither 24. A. smoked B. accepted C. tried D. refused 25. A. ate B. sold C. took D. bought 26. A. went B. wept C. begged D. left
27. A. reasons B. possibilities C. program D. consequences 28. A. patience B. temper C. family D. position 29. A. lucky B. aware C. sure D. clear
30. A. concerned B. disappointed C. curious D. grateful 31. A. important B. exciting C. strange D. attractive 32. A. sales B. purchases C. abuse D. production 33. A. behavior B. program C. experience D. action 34. A. destroy B. build C. save D. lose 35. A. wiser B. easier C. worse D. better
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. C 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. C 【解析】
22. B 23. B 33. B 34. A 24. C 25. C 35. C 10
文章讲述了作者的亲身经历，自小作者的父亲就滥用毒品，幸亏母亲引导他做出了正确的决定。本文表明了父母对于孩子的潜移默化的影响。 【16题详解】
考查名词所有格。 A. grandma’s 祖母的； B. brother’s 兄弟的； C. parents’ 父母的； D. teachers’ 老师的。依据后面的\"by this I mean\"和\"set by our parents’ examples\"可知,我们绝大多数都会追随我们父母的足迹。故选Ｃ。 【17题详解】
A. closely 紧密地； B. loosely 松散地； C. hardly 几乎不； D. physically 身体地。\"closely 考查副词。
resemble\"表示\"近似\符合语境。语意: 我的意思是我们的成年生活和我们孩提时的生活是相似的。故选Ａ。 【18题详解】
A. lived 生活； B. stopped 停止； C. started 开始； D. decided 决定。考查动词。注意后面的\"and thought about this\要思考,首先要停下来。你曾经停下来思考一下这个问题吗?故选Ｂ。 【19题详解】
考查动词。A. praise B. understand C. appreciate D. raise。依据全文可以看出这里探讨的是\"养育子女\"的问题。语意:要正确地培养子女是一件多么费劲的事啊!故选Ｄ。 【20题详解】
A. on 在…之上； B. over 超过； C. in在 …内部； D. for 为了。live on 靠……生活,以……考查介词。
为食。语意:对于一个童年时期就终日吸食毒品,酗酒和实施暴力的孩子来说会发生什么呢?故选Ａ。 【21题详解】
考查动词。A. treat 对待； B. represent 代表； C. reach 到达； D. persuade 说服。这里用reach表示援助。语意:我知道一个尽力去援助所有孩子的地方。故选Ｃ。 【22题详解】
考查名词。A. pressure 压力； B. responsibility 责任； C. probability 可能； D. advantage 优点。 (这里的)老师们承担了教育孩子拒绝毒品、酒精和暴力的责任(responsibility)故选Ｂ。 【23题详解】
考查代词。A. both 两者都； B. all所有都； C. none 一个没有； D. neither 两个都不。根据上下文
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可知,此处表示我个人了解这一切(all)。故选Ｂ。 【24题详解】
A. smoked 吸烟； B. accepted 接受； C. tried 尝试； D. refused 拒绝。考查动词。由下文提示\"but because of my dad\"(是因为我的父亲)可推知,此处表示不是因为我自己亲身体验过这些。故选Ｃ。 【25题详解】
考查动词。A. ate 吃掉； B. sold 出售； C. took 拿走； D. bought购买。take drugs吸毒,符合语意。他(作者的父亲)酗酒,吸毒,抽大麻。故选Ｃ。 【26题详解】
考查动词。A. went 走开； B. wept 哭泣； C. begged 祈求； D. left 离开。根据语境可知,这里表示母亲带着我和妹妹离开了(left)(父亲)。故选Ｄ。 【27题详解】
考查名词。. A. reasons 理由； B. possibilities 可能； C. program 项目； D. consequences 后果。我想知道,当父亲13岁开始尝试那些毒品和大麻时,他是否考虑过后果。故选Ｄ。 【28题详解】
考查名词。 A. patience 耐心； B. temper 脾气； C. family 家庭； D. position 位置。从前后文中可知他(作者的父亲)失去了家庭。故选Ｃ。 【29题详解】
考查形容词。A. lucky 幸运的； B. aware 意识到的； C. sure 肯定的； D. clear 清楚的。根据上下文可知,此处表示:我很幸运,至少我还有母亲帮我作出明智的决定,教我辨别是非。故选Ａ。 【30题详解】
考查形容词。A. concerned 担忧的； B. disappointed 失望的； C. curious 好奇的； D. grateful 感激的。本题要注意\"also\与上文的\"幸运的\"相同,这里也应该是一个褒义词。grateful感激的,符合语意。我也很感激我们学校开设了the D.A.R.E program。故选Ｄ。 【31题详解】
考查形容词。A. important 重要的； B. exciting 兴奋的； C. strange 奇怪的； D. attractive 吸引人的。我从the D.A.R.E program中学到的最重要的事情之一就是父亲或母亲吸毒的孩子吸毒的风险比没有吸毒史
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的家庭的孩子大两倍多。故选Ａ。 【32题详解】
考查名词。A. sales 出售； B. purchases 购买； C. abuse 滥用； D. production 产品。我从the D.A.R.E program中学到的最重要的事情之一就是父亲或母亲吸毒的孩子吸毒的风险比没有吸毒史的家庭的孩子大两倍多。drug abuse 吸毒。故选Ｃ。 【33题详解】
考查名词。A. behavior 行为； B. program 项目； C. experience 经历； D. action 行动。通过这个项目,我学到了很多东西。故选Ｂ。 【34题详解】
考查动词。A. destroy 破坏； B. build 建造； C. save 挽救； D. lose 失去。根据上文可知此处作者是在陈述吸毒的后果,吸毒的人可能会被捕,自残或者伤害到别人,因为上瘾而毁掉自己的生活,甚至造成死亡。故选Ａ。 【35题详解】
考查形容词比较级。A. wiser 更聪明的； B. easier 更容易的； C. worse 更糟糕的； D. better 更好的。这里是作者的感慨,也是文章的升华。作为父母,有什么比伤害自己的孩子和挚爱自己的人更糟糕。故选Ｃ。
第三部分：阅读理解（共 15 题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Home stay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Home stays are located in London mainly in Zones2,3 and of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town centre as much of central London is commercial and not residential(居住的). Zones3 and 4often offer larger accommodation in a less crowned area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.
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Meal Plans Available ♢ Continental Breakfast ♢ Breakfast and Dinner
♢ Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner
It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast. Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cerealbread and tea or coffee. （谷物类食品），Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by desert, fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit. you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room.This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student.However,it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practise English at home quite as much. 36. The passage is probably written for A. host willing to receive foreign students B. foreigners hoping to build British culture C. travelers planning to visit families in London D. English learners applying to like in English homes
37. Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation? A. To experience a warmer family atmosphere. B. To enrich their knowledge of English C. To entertain friends as they like. D. To enjoy much more freedom. 【答案】36. D 37. D 【解析】 【分析】
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本文介绍了Homestay住家这种方式为英语学习者提供课外学习英语的机会并且体验作为英国家庭成员的生活。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段句子Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English---可知，这篇文章是写给申请入住英国家庭的英语学习者的。故选D。 【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle---可知，这种住宿提供了一种独立的生活方式，所以租住的学生可以享受到更多的自由。故选D。
【点睛】本篇文章脉络清晰，层次分明，学生很容易根据题干中的关键词定位到文章中的相应段落，所以难度很小。但是第二小题需要注意。根据题干中的关键词choose self-catering accommodation可以快读定位到文章的最后一段：This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle---可知，这种住宿提供了一种独立的生活方式，所以租住的学生可以享受到更多的自由。针对这种题，如果遇到生单词，选项没有把握，不妨在原文匹配找题干，一般最后都只会有一种合理的答案。
B
Why can some people sleep through noises like a honking car or flushing toilet, while others are awakened by the lightest sound? To find the answer, sleep researchers at Massachusetts
General Hospital conducted an unusual study of 12 self-described deep sleepers. After tests confirmed that the healthy volunteers were solid sleepers, they took part in a three-night study in the university’s sleep laboratory. The participants spent the night in a big and comfortable room. But the room also included four speakers positioned near the top of the bed.
During the night, the deep sleepers were subjected to 14 different recorded sounds, like street traffic, toilets flushing, and an airplane flying overhead. Next door, the researchers monitored their sleep patterns and brain waves.
As expected, all of the participants slept relatively well, but there were differences in how they responded to the noisy interruptions. Some of the sleepers didn’t wake up even when a sound was blasted at 70 decibels（分贝） ；others were awakened by sounds at 40 or 50 decibels.
The researchers discovered that the difference in a sleeper’s reaction to noise could be predicted by the level of brain activity called “sleep spindles”. A sleep spindle is a burst of high-frequency brain activity coming （纺锤体）from deep inside the brain during sleep. The source of the spindles is the thalamus（丘脑）, a part of the brain that
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sends sensory information to the rest of the cortex（皮层）.
Before the study, the Massachusetts researchers theorized that the spindles are the brain’s way of preventing sensory information from passing through the thalamus and waking the rest of the brain during sleep. They found that sleepers who experienced the most sleep spindles during the night were also the soundest sleepers and were least likely to be awakened by noise.
Scientists already know that most people become lighter sleepers with age, most likely because older people experience less “slow wave sleep”, which is the deepest stage of sleep. People also produce fewer sleep spindles as they age. But even when controlling for the stage of sleep a person was in, the number of sleep spindles still predicted their risk for awakening because of noise.
More research is needed, but the findings suggest that a better understanding of sleep spindles could lead to new behavioral or drug therapies for people with sleep disorders. For example, future studies may try to determine whether diet, exercise or other behaviors may influence the number of sleep spindles a person produces during the night.
38. Some participants can sleep well through loud noises mainly because ______. A. their brains don’t respond to outside noises. B. their brains react differently to noises. C. they adapt too the environment quickly. D. they don’t pay attention to the monitors.
39. Scientists believe that the key to affecting deep sleep i______. A. sleep spindles B. stages of sleep C. sleep disorders D. sensory information 40. It can be learned from the passage that______.
A. The older a deep sleeper becomes, the lighter his sleep must be. B. The more “slow wave sleep” one experiences, the deeper sleep one has. C. The more frequently a sleeper’s brain works, the less information it sends. D. The deeper sleep people have, the more likely they will be awakened by noise. 41. From the passage we can predict______ .
A. more factors in influencing sleep spindles may be discovered. B. more solid sleepers will take part in relative experiments.
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C. sleep spindles will be applied to change one’s behaviors. D. deep sleepers will probably enjoy a more healthy life. 【答案】38. B 39. A 40. B 41. A 【解析】 【分析】
本文属于科学研究类文章，为什么有些人在车的噪音或冲洗厕所声音干扰下仍能睡着，而其他人却被最轻的声音惊醒？为了找到答案，美国麻省总医院的睡眠研究人员对12名自称深睡眠者进行了研究。研究人员发现，睡眠者反应的差异是由被称为“睡眠纺锤波的预测（纺锤体）” 大脑活动引起的。 【38题详解】
细节理解题．根据文章第四段的内容As expected，all of the participants slept relatively well，但but there were differences in how they responded to the noisy interruptions 参加者们都睡的着，他们的区别在于对噪音的反应是不一样的，故答案选B． 【39题详解】 细
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They found that the sleepers who experienced the most sleep spindles during the night were also the soundest sleepers and were least likely to be awakened by noise．可知，睡眠纺锤复合波会是深度睡眠的关键，故答案为A． 【40题详解】
推理判断题．根据Scientists already know that most people become lighter sleepers with age，most likely because older people experience less\"slow wave sleep''
，
那是因为老人which is the deepest stage of sleep 科学家 研究发现人们会随着年龄的增长而睡眠变浅，会经历更少的\"slow wave sleep''，而这种状态正是睡眠的最深状态，故选B． 【41题详解】
推理判断题． 根据文章最后一段总结可知，研究人员会对饮食、锻炼以及其他进行研究，以得知其是否会
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对sleep spindles 有影响，再结合选项，故选A．
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍现在非常热门的旅游胜地瓦努阿图的自然景观、旅游特色、语言及风土人情，此类文章往往在第一段作总体介绍，根据文章第一段future studies may try to determine whether diet, exercise or other behaviors may influence the number of sleep spindles a person produces during the night.即可找到文章中心。
C
As businesses and governments have struggled to understand the so-called millennials—born between roughly 1980 and 2000—one frequent conclusion has been that they have a unique love of cities. A deep-seated preference for night life and subways, the thinking goes, has driven the revitalization of urban cores across the U.S. over the last decade-plus.
But there’s mounting evidence that millennials’ love of cities was a passing fling(放纵). Millennials don’t love cities any more than previous generations.
The latest argument comes from Dowell Myers, an urban planning professor at USC.As they age, says Myers, millennials’ presence in cities, will “be evaporating(蒸发) through our fingers, if we don’t make some plans now.” That’s because millennials’ preference for cities will fade as they start families and become more established in their careers.
It’s about more than aging, though. Demographer William Frey has been arguing for years that millennials have become‘stuck’in cities by the 2008 downturn and the following slow recovery, with poor job prospects and declining wages making it harder for them to afford to buy homes in suburbia.
Myers, too, says observers have confused young people’s presence in cities with a preference for cities. Survey data shows that more millennials would like to be living in the suburbs than actually are. But the normal career and family cycles moving young people from cities into suburban houses have become, in Myers’ words, “a plugged up drain.”
But unemployment has finally returned to healthy lows (though participation rates and wages are still largely stagnant), which Myers says should finally increase mobility for millennials.
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Other trends among millennials, supposedly matters of lifestyle preference, have already turned out to have been driven mostly by economics. What was once deemed their broad preference for public transit may have always been a now-reversing inability to afford cars. Even decades-long trends towards marrying later have been accentuated as today’ s young people struggle for financial stability.
Investors are already taking the idea that millennials will return to old behavior patterns seriously, putting more money into auto manufacturers and developers. But urban lifestyles, up to and including trendy bars, aren’t just hip—they’re a part of what powers a city’s economic engines, bringing people togeth er to explore new ideas, create companies, and build careers.
From the 1960s to the 1990s, we saw that suburbanization(城市郊区化) also means an economic and social hollowing out for cities. Now that the economic shackles are coming off today’s young city residents, cities that want to stay vibrant(充满生机的) have to figure out how to convince them—and their growing families—to stick around.
42. Over the last decade, what is though to have ensured the prosperity of the city? A. Fast economic development. B. Around-the-clock club services. C. Convenient public transport. D. Well-established careers. 43. Why are Millennials about to leave city?
A. It is too expensive for them to buy apartment in cities. B. They find it difficult for to seek a god job in cities. C. It is easier to get married moving to the suburban. D. They are more confident with their economic situation.
44. What does the author mean quoting Myer's “a plugged up drain\"(para 5)? A. Millennials are reluctant to leave attractive cities. B. Millennals are stopped from moving to the suburbs. C. Milennials are unwilling to be cut off from the suburban. D. Millennials are afraid of another economic decline. 45. How does the author feel about the suburbanization? A. sign of stable finance. B. A growth of health issues C. A conflict of new ideas. D. A loss of modem life 【答案】42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A
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【解析】
美国的商界和政界现在越来越看不懂所谓的新千年一代了。所谓新千年一代，就是1980年至2000年这20年间出生的人口。灯红酒绿、霓虹闪烁的夜生活似乎并不能勾起这代人对城市的向往，他们似乎对郊区更有偏爱。而且，部分千禧一代已经迁往郊区了。 【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段A deep-seated preference for night life and subways, the thinking goes, has driven the revitalization of urban cores across the U.S. over the last decade-plus.以及倒数第二段But urban lifestyles, up to and including trendy bars, aren’t just hip—they’re a part of what powers a city’s economic engines, bringing people together to explore new ideas, create companies, and build careers.得知以前年轻人着迷于城市的２４全天候营业的酒吧。故选Ｂ。 【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段That’s because millennials’ preference for cities will fade as they start families and become more established in their careers.可以判断出年轻一代离开城市的原因在于他们事业更成功，经济情况更好。故选Ｄ。 【44题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第六段Survey data shows that more millennials would like to be living in the suburbs than actually are. But the normal career and family cycles moving young people from cities into suburban houses have become可以看出很多年轻一代倾向于居住在郊区，但是．．．这表明事实情况与年轻一代的预期有所不同，故推断是受阻的意思。“a plugged up drain.”意为堵塞的水管。故选Ｂ。 【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段we saw that suburbanization(城市郊区化) also means an economic and social hollowing out for cities.可以判断出作者是把郊区城市化看作一种经济繁荣，金融稳定的标志，故选Ａ。
D
He looked like a pirate.
With his handkerchief tied in a knot behind his little nine-year-old head, he looked like a pirate, a sad pirate. The first time little David came to our camp, he was hairless and worn out from medical treatments. He was also very angry.
Paul Newman's camp counselors (指导老师 ) were hoping to fill David's days with fun and laughter. But
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David stayed inside himself, wanting to be alone, or in a corner of the cabin. At this camp for children with life-threatening illnesses, we had seen some pretty tough children worn out by cancer recover full of energy despite their illness. But we saw little progress in David no matter what we tried with him. Five days into the eight-day session saw a quiet, sad little pirate.
Then something happened on that fifth night. Something at camp that we would call \"huge\". It was cabin night. That's the time when campers and counselors spend lime together in each individual cabin instead of an all-camp activity. Campers love cabin nights because there's always a bedtime snack. On the cabin table that night were bags of potato chips.
David slowly walked over to the table, leaving his comer to join the rest of us. He took one of the bags of the potato chips and started smashing(弄碎) it with his little fists, as all the other campers looked on in disbelief, I wondered what the cabin counselor would do.
The college-age volunteer counselor positioned a bag of chips on die table in front of himself, and he, too, started smashing it with his fist. The campers went crazy as everyone ran to the table to get in on the fun of smashing potato chips with their fists.
Somehow everyone knew, everyone sensed, that anger within him was now being released.
For the last couple days of the session, David was a different kid. He was a little nine-year-old boy again, trying to fill the hours of each remaining day at camp with as much fun as could be possible.
Several days after the session, David came back again. This time, there wasn't anything he wouldn't try to fit in to his day. He sure was having a great time at camp. David asked me if I needed an altar(祭坛)boy when I celebrated Mass in the woods. Sure enough, he was my altar boy. I remembered how carefully he listened to me when I talked about death. 1 said it's only a doorway. You walk through the door and there's the Lord God and behind God a whole line of people waiting to hug you.
After Mass, he said to me, \"Hey Fatha, a door, huh?\"
A couple more days of fun passed and tonight was the talent show. The tradition is that campers and counselors dress up in costumes, and everyone gets a standing applause for singing and dancing or simply just acting like fools on stage.
The show had begun: lights, camera, action.
Unfortunately, the only action taking place in our row of seats was little David making his way from counselor to counselor to say an early good-bye to camp. He had become quite ill and had to go to the hospital because of this
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new crisis.
When this little nine-year-old pirate stood in front of me, he gave me a hug and a big wet kiss on my cheek. 1 was crying. He was crying. A whole row of counselors was in tears. After the hug and kiss, he put his hands on my shoulders, and tears still in his eyes, said: \"See you on the other side of the door, Fatha.\"
46. The camp counselors failed to fill David's beginning days with fun and laughter, mainly because David_____. A. behaved like a pirate B. remained in a bad mood C. was left alone at the camp D. was teased by other campers
47. Seeing David smashing the potato chips, the counselor did the same thing in response because he _____. A. would like David to eat more of them B. hoped all the other campers would join C. found it possible to help David release anger D. wanted to show that he was as angry as David 48. What can we learn from this article?
A. The camp was intended for those talented in singing and dancing. B. The purpose of the camp was to give diseased children caring love. C. The camp was popular among the children who enjoyed their vacation here. D. Medical treatment could be provided to diseased children at the camp. 49. Which of the following does NOT show the change in David? A. David came back to the camp for a second session after the first ended.
B. David had become quite ill and had to go to the hospital because of this new crisis. C. David made his way from counselor to counselor to say an early good-bye to camp. D. David stood in front of me and gave me a hug and a big wet kiss on my cheek. 50. What do you think the theme of the story is?
A. Children with deadly diseases are usually difficult to get along with. B. People should have patience with children with life-threatening illnesses.
C. People should tell children with life-threatening illnesses to care nothing about death. D. Love and proper guidance can help people look at something negative in a positive way.
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【答案】46. B 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. D 【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了指导老师帮助生病的小David由悲观消极转变积极，并获得更多快乐的事情。 【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段内容But David stayed inside himself, wanting to be alone, or in a corner of the cabin可知，David并没有像其他孩子一样能够暂时摆脱疾病影响，一直心情不佳，本题难度不大，其他选项与文章细节不符。故选Ｂ。 【47题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，指导老师模仿David把薯条弄碎，之后其他孩子都这样去做，反而让小David放下了愤怒和不好的心情。故选Ｃ。 【48题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段内容At this camp for children with life-threatening illnesses, we had seen some pretty tough children worn out by cancer recover full of energy despite their illness.可知，这个活动的目的是帮助生病的孩子获得更多孩子的关爱为目的的。故选Ｂ。 【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干得知，我们要选择以下哪一个不能体现 David转变的现象，Ｄavid的转变体现在他愿意与人沟通，分享和参与集体，而不是一个人呆在角落。故选Ｂ。 【50题详解】
主旨大意题。结合全文得知，其实对于生重病的小孩来说，快乐不是那么轻易的事情。他们对死亡也会有很多恐惧和害怕。文中作者把死亡这件悲伤的事情对David 解释成了一个温暖的事情，死亡是一扇门，走过这扇门，门后的上帝和很多人在等待着拥抱你。文章最后，David接受了这种说法。文章想要告诉人们：爱和适度的指导能够帮助人们改变看待事情的悲观态度。故选Ｄ。
第二卷 非选择题（共 35 分）
第四部分 任务型阅读（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格里填上一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个 单词。
Asthma(哮喘) is a long-lasting breathing disease that affects millions of Americans, many of whom are
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children. People who get asthma will suffer from lack of breath, difficulty in breathing or coughing--which are caused by the tightening of the muscles in airways. Untreated asthma can lead to poor lung function and death,but asthma can also be effectively controlled with proper treatments.
Research is discovering genes that contribute to the development of asthma. This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.
The Indoor Pollution
Indoor pollution has increased with the developments in building materials and in heating and air conditioning systems. In addition to poisonous gases that come from paint, other materials like dust and perfumes used in household products such as washing powder are recycled continuously through the house,winter and summer.
Unlike the days before central heating or before whole-house air conditioning,these materials and chemicals cannot get out of modern homes. Most often, they cause breathing problems in the members of the family with the least-developed autoimmune(自身免疫的) systems. Proper venting (通风) and use of environmentally-friendly building materials and carpeting can help reduce the presence of these chemicals.
The Out door pollution
Researchers have also established outdoor pollution's role as a probable cause of asthma. Asthma has been proven to result from some fuel products. Smog and the small matters carried by it have been recognized as a factor which leads to asthma since the 19th century when London saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.
Those most affected by the increase of industrial and environmental pollution are children. Although much has been done to control the levels of pollution in the US,there still remains much to do as it is a worldwide
phenomenon. Until an international effort can be made to limit carbon emissions, the occurrence of environmental asthma will probably continue to increase.
The ___51___ between asthma and air pollution
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● lack of breath ● difficulty in breathing The ___52___ of asthma ● coughing The possible ___53___ ● poor lung function of ● death untreated asthma ●It is ___55___ by building materials and heating and air conditioning systems. ●___56___ some poisonous gases, dust and perfumes ___54___ contributing to the increased asthma Outdoor pollution Indoor pollution worsen pollution. ●Some material and chemicals___57___ in modern homes. ●Smog and the small matters carried by it cause asthma, which is proven by a(n) ___58___ number of lung diseases in the industrial population. ●Industrial pollutants and other chemicals in water are___59___ to people’s health. 79 to people’s health. Conclusion
Only when all countries join together to limit carbon emissions can people be ___60___ rom suffering environmental asthma.
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【答案】51. relationship／relation／connection／association／link 52. symptoms
53. consequences／results／effects 54. Factors
55. caused/ increased 56. Besides 57. remain/ stay 58. increased/ increasing 59. harmful
60. prevented/stopped/ kept/ away/ free/ freed 【解析】
本文主要分析了哮喘产生的原因，从室内污染和室外污染两个方面来进行阐述。 【51题详解】
从题干结合文章内容，本文讨论了哮喘和空气污染的关系，从中文“关系，联系”出发，答案范围广。故填relationship／relation／connection／association／link。 【52题详解】
结合第一段对哮喘发病情况的解释，可选择出总结词“症状”。故填symptoms。 【53题详解】
由文中的Untreated asthma can lead to poor lung function and death,可知，这里是指“结果”。故填consequences／results／effects 。 【54题详解】
根据原文第二段This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.，结合题目含义，这里是因素。故填Factors 。
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【55题详解】
原文用的是“indoor pollution has increased with”结构，其实就是因果关系，所以这里是被动结构。。故填caused/ increased 。 【56题详解】
对原文in addition to 进行替换，除了，还包括的意思。故填Besides 。 【57题详解】 原
文
“ｔｈｅｓｅ ｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓ ａｎｄ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓ ｃａｎｎｏｔ ｇｅｔ
ｏｕｔ ｍｏｄｅｒｎ ｈｏｍｅｓ”指的是这些材料并没有随时间消失，一直存在。故填remain/ stay 。 【58题详解】
根据原文倒数第二段saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.，可知是越来越多的疾病。故填increased/ increasing 。 【59题详解】
根据saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.可知，这类污染物对人体有害，会导致疾病。故填harmful 。 【60题详解】
根据最后一段，得知是阻止be_from doing 固定搭配，表示否定含义。故填prevented/stopped/ kept/ away/ free/ freed。
第五部分 书面表达（25 分）
61.请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
Science and technology have developed more rapidly in the past 100 years than in any period of human history. One of its results is an excessive growth of information. The era of information has already come, and our life has changed in a subtle way. The development and popularization of the Internet, along with cell phones and all kinds of electronic devices have influenced our habits a lot.
Some people state that with the explosion of information, it is much easier and more convenient for us to find out
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anything we would like to know, which can help us to develop our creativity.
However, many people argue that information explosion is not the equivalent of knowledge explosion. Moreover, with the continuously growing number of information, the world becomes a confusion to us with both useful news and unwanted messages, which is far from helping stimulating our creativity. 【写作内容】
1.用约 30 个单词写出上文概要;
2.用约 120 个单词，就“信息爆炸是否会破坏我们的创造力”发表你的观点，内容包括： （1）结合实际，谈谈你的感受。
（2）你认为信息爆炸是否会破坏我们的创造力？
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【答案】new era has witnessed an explosion of information. Attitudes towards the discussion whether too much information spoils creativity vary people from people.
In our daily life, it is convenient for us to have access to the latest information easily through the Internet. Therefore, we can avoid the detour to truth. Meanwhile, we can get more inspirations from the wisdom of others and
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transfer them into personalized thoughts, which is fundamental to developing our creativity.
From my perspective, it is unfair to say that the explosion of information may well have a negative effect on our life. The point is that the way we choose it and use it. When we take advantage of the latest information wisely, it is not destructive to our creativity. On the contrary, it can promote the development of our creativity and originality to some extent. 【解析】 【分析】
这是读写任务类作文。
【详解】第一题要求用30词写出文章大意，要包括信息爆炸是否会破坏我们的创造力的讨论。
第二题要求结合自己的实际情况写出对信息爆炸是否会破坏我们的创造力的感受。文章要写得简明扼要，目标明确，具有合理性。对自己的看法进行总结。
亮点分析：本文第一段开门见山地点明现状，说出一些信息爆炸的优点。第二段阐明了自己的看法，以一个形式主语结构的方式很好地开头：it is unfair to ；The point is that运用了表语从句：a warm and harmonious atmosphere can be created。 同时也恰当地运用了定语从句：inspirations from the wisdom of others and transfer them into personalized thoughts, which is fundamental to developing our creativity.
本文中还运用了许多连词如“therefore …meanwhile,…,”使文章条理清晰。同时还使用了一些固定短语如From my perspective, take advantage of ，On the contrary,等和固定句型“it is convenient for us to ，给文章增添了魅力及可读性。
总之本文结构完整，布局合理，得简明扼要。文中使用了多种句式，定语从句的使用，并用恰当地运用了非谓语及固定句式，增加了文章亮点。
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