专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷185(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷185 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.

听力原文：Non-Verbal Communications Across CulturesGood morning, everyone. Let me welcome you to the lecture “series of language and communication”. Last time, we talked about verbal communication. Today, we are going to focus on non-verbal communication across cultures. As we know, the Euro-zone is in a tizzy. Greece’s economy has tanked and is being bailed out by countries with different attitudes and understanding about money. Though they now share a monetary system, different countries have different ways of communicating. It’s not just about the words they speak. It’s also about the non-verbal communications. Issues of cultural background, regional variations, gender and personal idiolect come into play in non-verbal as well as verbal communications. In linguistics, an idiolect is a variety of a language u-nique to an individual. The truth is that our actions do speak at least as loudly, if not, more loudly than our words. Nonverbal communications can affirm, complement or even contradict what is being verbally transmitted. One of the issues people run into with e-mail is that the person sending the message knows the intended message is meant to be funny or sarcastic. Without the non-verbal clues, the person receiving the message may take the message seriously.First of all, about gesture. Among the most potent forms of non-verbal communications is gesture. There are too many differences in gestures to handle them in a meaningful way here. Some examples of gestures that may not translate include pointing.[1]Pointing with a single finger is considered rude in many Asian cultures. Better there to indicate direction by gesturing with a whole hand. Even among those cultures that use a single finger to point, there is variation.[2]In the US , we use the index finger to point. In Germany, using the pinky to point is common. The gesture that Americans use to indicate everything is okay, is a very offensive gesture in many parts of the world. Even very similar cultures have differences in gestural norms. When George Bush visited Australia, he flashed them a V-for victory/peace sign from his limo. The gesture is normally done with the palm facing out, but for most Americans, it does not matter.[3]President Bush, unfortunately made the sign with the back of his hand facing towards the crowd. In Australia and in the UK , this is an equivalent of flipping someone the bird, or saying “Up yours.” In America and in most parts of Europe,

showing someone a closed fist with your thumb sticking in the air is a sign of approval. In many Asian or Islamic parts of the world, it is an insulting gesture.[4]While in the USA men greeting each other with a handshake is the norm, in other parts of the world they might greet each other with a kiss. There are cultures that consider two men walking hand-in-hand as standard behavior. In the U-nited States, two men holding hands would indicate a romantic relationship.Second, about eye contact. Eye contact can indicate degree of attention or interest. It can be used to indicate attraction, to establish power, indicate emotion, and influence attitude.[5]Some western cultures perceive direct eye contact as a positive trait. Children are encouraged to look the person addressing them in the eye. However, in a country as diverse as the USA, that is not a universal truth.[6]African-Americans tend to use more eye contact when they are speaking, but less when they are listening; Anglo-Americans tend to use more eye contact when listening, but less when speaking. Attitudes in Northern Europe such as Spain, France and Germany, tend to be similar to the Anglo-American norms for eye-contact in the US. However, eye-contact in those areas has more flirtatious facets than in the US.[7]In the Middle East, many cultures make prolonged eye contact when in conversation. They believe it shows interest and allows them to read the truthfulness of the person with whom they’re speaking. That said, religious laws change the rules about what is appropriate in terms of eye-contact between a man and woman.[8]In certain parts of Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia avoiding eye contact is the way to show respect. Extended eye-contact in these cultures may be taken as disrespectful or a challenge to authority.Thirdly, about physical contact. Different cultures have different rules for physical contact. Norms for the type of contact, the length of contact and the persons involved in contact vary. Upon encountering an individual, even a stranger, Americans shake hands as the norms.[9]In certain situations, hugging upon meeting is acceptable. Some American women will greet each other with a kiss. A peck on the cheek is acceptable between men and women. American women will shake hands in business situations, but are likely to hug in social situations outside of the workplace. In certain demographics, the “hand bump” has become the proper greeting.[10]Islamic cultures generally do not approve of touching between genders, though many Islamic men who do business internationally have learned to adopt more western customs in dealing with women. Touching on the hood is considered disrespectful by African Americans.[11]Many Asian cultures do not allow touching on the head as it houses the soul and a touch on the head can put the soul in peril.[12]Next, about odors.[13]Some cultures such as Filipino, Malay, Indonesian, Thai and Indian think that Americans do not bathe sufficiently. Americans have multibillion dollar industries to protect them from bodily odors. Other cultures think Americans are ridiculous and consider bodily odors more normal.Last but not least, about time. Anyone who has travelled by train in Europe knows that[14]in certain countries like Switzerland, Germany and Sweden, trains run on exact schedules. In other countries, train schedules seem to be mere suggestions.[14]There are cultures that value punctuality more than others. The French protect their 36 hour work week jealously.[15]For many Europeans, 6 weeks of vacation is the norm. Americans consider two weeks the

norm.OK. I’ve outlined five aspects of non-verbal communication across cultures. As globalization continues, people from around the world connect more easily. Though we master one another’s language, there is more to how we communicate than just the words we speak. I hope these tips will help you in your future encounters with foreign friends.

Non-Verbal Communications Across CulturesNon-verbal communications can affirm, complement or even contradict what is being verbally transmitted. In addition to this, non-verbal communications vary from country to country.I. Gesture— Pointinga)Pointing with a single finger is considered【T1】_____ in Asia【T1】______b)American people use【T2】_____ fingers to point【T2】______c)German people use pinky to pointd)In UK, flashing a peace sign with the back of one’s hand is an【T3】_____ of flipping someone the bird【T3】______— Greetinga)USA:【T4】_____【T4】______b)Somewhere else: a kissII. Eye Contact— West: direct eye contact is【T5】_____【T5】______— African-Americans: more eye contact when speaking, less when listening— Anglo-Americans:【T6】_____African-Americans【T6】______— Northern Europe: more flirtatious facets— Middle East: prolonged eye contact means to show【T7】_____【T7】______— Some Asian countries: avoiding eye contact means to show【T8】_____【T8】______III. Physical Contact— Americans will shake hands,【T9】_____, upon encountering someone【T9】______— Islamic cultures:【T10】_____ is not allowed【T10】______— Asian cultures: touching the head is considered【T11】_____ the soul【T11】______IV【.T12】______【T12】______— Some cultures think Americans do not bathe【T13】_____【T13】______— Some think Americans over-bathe themselvesV. Time—【T14】_____ is highly valued in Switzerland, Germany and Sweden【T14】______— Europeans:【T15】_____ of vacation is the norm【T15】______— Americans: 2 weeks is the norm

1． 【T1】

正确答案：rude

解析：本题考查在亚洲文化里，用一只手指指方向会给人什么样的感觉。讲座中很清楚地提到这使人觉得“粗鲁”。因此这里填rude。 知识模块：听力填空

2． 【T2】

正确答案：index 解析：本题考查美国人一般会用哪只手指示意。讲座中提到美国人一般会用食指(index finger)来示意。因此这里填index。 知识模块：听力填空

3． 【T3】

正确答案：equivalent

解析：讲座举了布什总统的例子，说他在示意“胜利”手势的时候，手背向

着观众。在澳大利亚和英国，这等同于向某人竖中指。因此填equivalent。 知识模块：听力填空

4． 【T4】

正确答案：handshake 解析：本题考查美国人打招呼的方式。讲座中提到美国人互相打招呼时的惯例是握手，因此，此处应填入handshake一词，与下面的kiss对应。 知识模块：听力填空

5． 【T5】

正确答案：positive//encouraged 解析：本题考查在一些西方文化里人们对直接眼神接触的看法。讲座中提到，直接的眼神接触是正面的，人们也会鼓励孩子说话的时候直视对方。填positive或encouraged均可。 知识模块：听力填空

6． 【T6】

正确答案：opposite to

解析：本题考查英裔美国人对眼神接触的看法。讲座中提到，非裔美国人在讲话时眼神接触更多，而听人说话时眼神接触相对比较少；接着讲到英裔美国人的情况，说他们更喜欢在听别人讲话时使用更多的眼神接触，反而说话时较少，由此可以看出这两种人的情况是相反的，则此处应填入opposite to。 知识模块：听力填空

7． 【T7】

正确答案：interest

解析：对中东人来说，长时间注视对方表示感兴趣。本题属于细节题，做笔记过程中要多留意文中所举的例子，这是常见考点。 知识模块：听力填空

8． 【T8】

正确答案：respect

解析：在非洲、拉丁美洲和一些亚洲地区，避开眼神接触表示尊重。讲座中连续列举了多个地方名，做笔记时要多加以留意。 知识模块：听力填空

9． 【T9】

正确答案：hug or kiss

解析：讲座中讲到美国人见到其他人时，甚至是陌生人时，通常都会握手。在某些情形下，拥抱也是可以接受的。有些美国女性打招呼时还会亲吻对方。故概括来讲，本题应填入hug or kiss. 知识模块：听力填空

10． 【T10】

正确答案：touching between genders

解析：讲座中提到，在伊斯兰文化里，两性之间的接触是不允许的。因此这里填touching between genders。 知识模块：听力填空

11． 【T11】

正确答案：endangering 解析：讲座中提到一些亚洲文化认为触摸头部会把灵魂置于危险的境地。这里需把原文put…in peril转换为endangering。 知识模块：听力填空

12． 【T12】

正确答案：Odo(u)rs 解析：本题考查跨文化非语言交际的第四个方面。题目给的例子是其他文化对美国人洗澡的看法。讲座中也明确提到这是“体味”的例子，故填Odo(u)rs。 知识模块：听力填空

13． 【T13】

正确答案：sufficiently

解析：讲座中提到诸如菲律宾、马来、印尼等地方的文化认为美国人洗澡洗得不够充分，即认为美国人体味过重，故填入sufficiently一词。 知识模块：听力填空

14． 【T14】

正确答案：Punctuality

解析：讲座里提到在瑞士、德国和瑞典，火车会非常准时。同时下文也提到有些国家文化比较重视守时，由此可推断瑞士、德国和瑞典属于这一类文化，故本空填入Punctuality。 知识模块：听力填空

15． 【T15】

正确答案：6 weeks

解析：讲座提到在大多数欧洲人看来，6周的假期是标准假期，而美国人认为2周的时间才是标准假期，故本题填入6weeks，注意复数形式。 知识模块：听力填空

听力原文：Cross-Cultural CommunicationGood morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about cross-cultural communication. As we know, multicultural-ism is a reality in North America and for those of us who do business globally. The US has

more legal immigrants yearly than all the other countries in the world combined. Also there are vast cultural differences among “native” North Americans living in the US and Canada for several generations, as you know if you’ve done business with a New Yorker or with a Texan.Culture is not ethnic or racial. It is learned and of course each culture is different. Treat everyone like a unique individual, as you would like to be treated, don’t get hung up on stereotypes. Develop your emotional intelligence so you can be more intuitive about how to communicate with, negotiate with, and provide services and products for people from cultural backgrounds other than your own. I offer some tips below, and yet they are not universal in all cultures, but I am sure they are helpful to a lesser or greater degree.1. I repeat, do not expect everyone in a culture to be the same!2. In South Texas,[1]if you’re talking to a male, they will often stand at a 90 degree angle to you. If you move to reorient, a “dance” will begin. This is a markedly non-intimate position,[2]and often the eyes are cast down to the floor or out across the floor. South Texans generally say “Pleased to know you,” while Mid Westerners say, “Pleased to meet you” or “Pleased to make your acquaintance.”[3]In social settings in South Texas, it is not customary to shake hands with women. Other San Antonio cultural customs—in San Antonio society, we have the haute hug—two women will parody a hug, not touching any part of their bodies, and just patting one another lightly on the back. As a sign of affection, when you shake hands, sometimes you cover the other person’s hand with your left hand and pat or squeeze with warm eye contact. This is particularly done with respected older people.3. People from Asian cultures bow in greeting, but the bows are different.[4]People from Cambodia and Laos bow with both hands together in front of the chest, as if praying.[5]In Japan, the depth of the bow signifies the level of respect for the other party. Many Koreans prefer bowing and if they shake hands, the right hand is supported at the wrist by the left hand to show respect.[6]Thais bow with palms together about chest-high with their fingers outstretched. And, there are exceptions. The Taiwanese usually nod the head in recognition rather than bow.4. Some cultures naturally greet by hugging. Native Hawai-ians hug each other, exchanging breaths. The custom is called “ha.” Ancient Hawaiians, incidentally, actually bumped heads together.[7]Greeks and Italians often hug with or without shaking hands first.5. Some cultures kiss! If your Cuban male client kisses you on the cheek, you know you’ve made the short list. Immigrant men from the Middle East often shake hands with a slight nod or bow and then exchange kisses on both cheeks. Men from the Middle East usually don’t shake hands with women, nor do they introduce the woman with them.[8]Do not attempt to shake hands with a Middle Eastern woman unless—and here’s where the EQ comes in—she extends her hand to you. Men in Eastern Europe, Portugal, Spain and Italy will often kiss male friends on the cheek.6. Postures also have meaning. Ready to settle in with your Middle Eastern client? You may be most comfortable sitting back in your chair and crossing your legs. Well, don’t![9]In the Middle East, one of the most insulting things you can do is sit with your legs crossed so the bottoms of the feet are pointed in the other person’s direction. The foot is the dirtiest part of the body and the sole of the shoe is the dirtiest of the low.[10]To show someone the bottom of your foot or shoe means you’re looking for a fight!7. Be aware that most of the world does

not greet by shaking hands. Even handshaking cultures do it differently.[11]Many Britons prefer a brief but firm handshake. The French prefer a light grip while sharing a single gentle shake that’s quickly withdrawn.[12]Germans will give a very firm handshake—just one “pump” then quick withdrawal.[13]More than one shake with Germans or French is considered aggressive.8. A final tip for cultural communication: mirroring gestures.[14]We begin with a polite word or two, such as “Mr. and Mrs. Takida, it’s so nice to meet you at last,” and then hesitate for a moment to see what they want to do and are comfortable with. Then mirror their gesture, be it bow, hand shake, hug or nothing! Use your intuition![15]When in doubt, err on the side of conservatism. Also, you may want to bear in mind the other person may be trying to accommodate your culture, so don’t assume they will use their traditional greeting. For example, if you start first, for instance bowing, and then see a hand extended for a shake, and switch to that, the other person will then have switched to a bow and this becomes awkward. For many cultures such “awkwardness” will kill the relationship early on, which means the deal is off. All right. I am sure you have a lot to digest for today. Wherever you come from, I am sure we would resolve our misunderstandings by communications. That’s why the main purpose and function of cross-cultural communication is to accommodate the diversity of cultures.

Cross-Cultural CommunicationMulticulturalism is a reality in North America. It is, therefore, important to know how to bridge cultural differences in our communications. Here are some of the tips to help with the cross-cultural communication.I. Don’t expect cultures are the sameII. South Texas customs— Stand at a(n)【T1】_____ angle【T1】______— Eyes are cast down to or out across【T2】_____【T2】______— Say “Pleased to know you”— Don’t【T3】_____ with women【T3】______— San Antonio: women have haute hugIII. Bow— Cambodia and Laos: bow as if they are【T4】_____【T4】______— Japan: the deeper you bow, the more【T5】_____ you are【T5】______— Korea: prefer bowing to handshaking— Thai: bow with【T6】_____ together【T6】______IV. Hugging— People from Hawaii, Greece and【T7】_____ greet by hugging【T7】______V. Kiss— Cuba: kissing means approval— Middle east: shake hands before they exchange kisses on cheeks;Don’t shake hands with women unless she【T8】_____to you【T8】______— People from Eastern Europe, Portugal, Spain and Italy often kiss male friends on the cheekVI. Postures Middle East:— Sitting with your legs crossed is【T9】_____【T9】______— To show someone the sole is to【T10】_____【T10】______VII. Handshaking— Most of the world does not greet by shaking hands— Britain: brief but【T11】_____ handshake【T11】______— France: light grip, a single and quick handshake— Germany: one firm pump then【T12】_____【T12】______— Germany and France: more than one handshake means【T13】_____【T13】______VIII. Mirroring gestures— Begin with【T14】______【T14】______— Wait and mirror other party’s gesture— When in doubt, you’d better be【T15】_____【T15】______— Don’t assume others follow their traditional greetings

16． 【T1】

正确答案：90 degree 解析：本题考查德州南部地区的一些礼仪。如果在德州南部跟一位男性交谈，他们通常会站在与你呈90度角的位置。因此本题填90 degree。 知识模块：听力填空

17． 【T2】

正确答案：the floor

解析：讲座提到，当和德州南部的男性聊天时，如果双方位于明显不亲密的位置，他们的视线会投向地板或者望向地板四周，因此本题填the floor。 知识模块：听力填空

18． 【T3】

正确答案：shake hands

解析：本题考查在德州南部不能用什么方式与女性打招呼。讲座提到，在德州南部与女性握手是不符合习俗的。因此这里填shake hands。 知识模块：听力填空

19． 【T4】

正确答案：praying 解析：本题考查柬埔寨和老挝的鞠躬方式。这两个国家的人鞠躬时会把双手放在胸前，像是在祈祷。本篇讲座多处出现例子，这是常见考点，应注意做笔记。 知识模块：听力填空

20． 【T5】

正确答案：respectful 解析：在日本，鞠躬的深度代表你对对方尊敬的程度。鞠躬越深代表越尊敬。本题需在记取信息的基础上对信息进行加工，要把respect转换成respectful。 知识模块：听力填空

21． 【T6】

正确答案：palms 解析：本题考查泰国人的鞠躬方式。泰国人鞠躬时会双手伸展合十放在齐胸高的地方。故本题应填入palms。 知识模块：听力填空

22． 【T7】

正确答案：Italy 解析：本题考查在哪些国家人们见面时会互相拥抱，讲座中列举了夏威夷人、

希腊人和意大利人等。填extends herhand。听音时应排除插入语的干扰。 知识模块：听力填空

23． 【T8】

正确答案：extends her hand

解析：讲座中提到不要与中东女士握手，除非她们主动伸手与你握手。填extends her hand。听音时应排除插入语的干扰。 知识模块：听力填空

24． 【T9】

正确答案：(most)insulting

解析：在中东，翘起二郎腿坐着，鞋子底部对着别人是十分侮辱人的。因此这里填(most)insulting。 知识模块：听力填空

25． 【T10】

正确答案：pick a fight

解析：讲座中提到，鞋底或脚底对着别人是十分侮辱人的，并且进一步说到这是挑衅的行为。录音是looking for afight，但因不能填入四个单词，故将其同义转换为pick a fight。 知识模块：听力填空

26． 【T11】

正确答案：firm

解析：英国人握手都是又快又有力的。讲座中罗列了多个国家的握手方式，做笔记过程中要加以区分并分行记下每一点。本题答案为firm。 知识模块：听力填空

27． 【T12】

正确答案：quick withdrawal

解析：本题考查德国人的握手方式，即用力握一下，然后很快把手缩回来。因此这里填quick withdrawal。 知识模块：听力填空

28． 【T13】

正确答案：aggressive

解析：根据讲座，在德国和法国多次握手是具有攻击性的表现。因此这里填aggressive。 知识模块：听力填空

29． 【T14】

正确答案：polite words

解析：本题考查考生对细节的把握。讲座提到文化交流的最后一个建议是模仿别人的姿势，同时指出首先要说一些礼貌性的问候语，故本题应填入polite words。 知识模块：听力填空

30． 【T15】

正确答案：conservative

解析：本题属于细节题，考查学生理解和转换信息的能力。当在交际中有疑惑时，宁可犯一些保守的错误(err onthe side of conservatism)。结合题目这里概括为conservative。

知识模块：听力填空